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PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF EDIBLE FERN (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.) EXTRACT AGAINST Culex
Get PDFMosquito is one of insects spreading the vector of serious diseases to human being through its bite such as Culex which spreads the vector of filariasis and brain inflammatory diseases. Some people have used plants as insecticides traditionally, such as fern (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.). D. esculentum (Retz.) Sw. popularly known as edible fern which almost all Asian people, especially Indonesian consumed it as vegetable, and some people also used it for medicinal purposes. This study was performed to investigate the secondary metabolites from D. esculentum leaves and its larvicidal activity against Culex. The phytochemical screening was undertaken on the leaves and methanol extract of D. esculentum, the results showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, phenols, and tannins on leaves, while methanol extract exhibited existence of steroids, saponins, phenols and tannins. Investigation of larvicidal activity of methanol extract was carried out against Culex larvaes for various concentrations which observed for 48 hours. Percentage of mortality was analyzed statistically using Bill Test method that showed active larvicidal activity with a LC50 value of 149.279 ppm. This study indicates that fern plant have the potential as larvicidal against Culex and need to perform the further research to develop the new natural insecticides
INVENTORY OF DRAGONFLIES AND DAMSELFLIES (ODONATA) IN ANDALAS UNIVERSITYS LIMAU MANIS CAMPUS COMPLEX, PADANG: USING PHOTOGRAPHICAL APPROACH
Get PDFOdonata, which consists of true dragonflies and damselflies, is considerably understudied in Sumatra, especially in West Sumatra region. While the campus area of Andalas University in Limau Manis provides many suitable habitats for dragonflies and damselflies, the least has been done in learning these organisms. In this paper, we intend to conduct the inventory of Odonata in Limau Manis area by using photography approach (by taking decent pictures only, without sampling the animal). After spending 14 days of data collection which spanned from October 2017 until February 2018), we listed 27 Odonata species. Of which, 11 species belong to four families under suborder Zygoptera and 16 species grouped into four families under suborder Anisoptera. Libellulidae is a family under Anisoptera that was found with most species members. Photography approach promises an immense help in doing species inventory for this animal group for its reliability in determining species identification without harming species population.Keywords: damselflies, dragonflies, Libellulidae, Limau Manis area, photography approac
COMPARISON OF ENERGY DOSES 10 MV DISTRIBUTION USING PERCENTAGE DEPTH DOSE (PDD) METHOD ON LINAC: ELECTA AND SIEMENS
Get PDFThe patient dosing on Linac (Electa and Siemens) can be determined by Source Surface Distance (SSD) technique using Precentage Depth Doses (PDD) method. The study was conducted by measuring PDD to compare the dosage distribution calculations on Linac Electa and Siemens device of photon energy at 10 MV. PDD is done with a 100 cm SSD technique at a depth of 0 to 25 cm. The dose distribution results between the Electrical and the Siemens PDD are almost the same in that the Dmax at 10 MV Siemens photon energy occurs at a depth of 20 mm while the 10 MV Electa photon energy occurs at a depth of 21 mm. Both Linac Electa and Siemens device this at the same energy of 10 MV there is a difference of 95.23%.Keywords: Distrubusi dose, PDD, Photon Energy, Quality File Inde
THE EFFECT OF ARBUSCULAR MICHORRIZA FUNGI AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) ON CRITICAL LAND OF FORMER IRON ORE MINE IN LHOONG - ACEH BESAR
Get PDFThe study determines the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and organic fertilizer on sunflower growth (Helianthus annuus L.) in former iron ore mine in Lhoong, Aceh Besar. The Randomized block design is 23 factorial with 4 replications was used. The first factor: Without Mycorrhiza and Mixed Mycorrhiza. The second factors were Without Fertilizer, Manure, and Guano. The results showed that at = 5% variation analysis, AMF had very significant effect on plant height in 10 d After Planting (DAP), leaf number 50 DAP, fresh weight of top-trimmed, and AMF colonized roots. Furthermore, it showed a significant effect on plant height 40 and 50 DAP, leaf number 20, 40 DAP and dry weight of top-trimmed. Fertilizer were significantly affected on plant height in 10 and 20 DAP, leaf number 50 DAP and fresh/dry weight of the top-trimmed. It showed a significant effect on plant height 30 DAP and leaf number 40 DAP. Mixed Mycorrhiza and Guano showed the best results. The interaction between AMF and fertilizer had a significant effect on plant height at 50 DAP and fresh weight of the top-trimmed. Mixed Mycorrhiza and Manure showed the best results on 50 DAP with increasing in plant height, while Mixed mycorrhiza and Guano increased fresh weight of the top-trimmed.Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), Helianthus annuus L., critical land, organic fertilizer, sunflower growth
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN FAMILIES MYRTACEAE IN TRIPA PEAT SWAMP FOREST USING INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER (ITS)
Get PDFThe Tripa peat swamp forest is located on the west coast of Aceh province and falls administratively under the two districts of Nagan Raya and Aceh Barat Daya. Tripa peat swamp forest has a high diversity of plants. The previous research discovered that Myrtaceae is one of the dominant families in the forest. This study aimed to predict phylogenetic relationships among trees species within families Myrtaceae that live in the Tripa peat swamp forest using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). The research was conducted at Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Molecular Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, IPB from June 2015 to December 2016. The methods were conducted with an experimental laboratory of molecular identification consisting of DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing. Data was analyze using BioEdit, Clustal X, Mega 6, and BLAST. The morphology identification reported that there were four trees species within families Myrtaceae, i.e., Syzygium sp 1, Syzygium garciniifolium, Syzygium leptostemon and Tristaniopsis whiteana. Reconstruction of phylogenetic tree using the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method 1000x showed that the ITS region was successfully to predict phylogenetic relationships within genus Syzygium and Tristaniopsis.Keywords: tripa peat swamp forest, tree species, phylogenetic, myrtaceae, internal transcribed space
ANALYSIS OF MINERALS IN CEMPAKA-MADU GEMSTONE FROM ACEH INDONESIA BY USING XRF
Get PDFAbstract. Cempaka-madu is a local name for one kind of gemstone from Aceh province in Indonesia. It is so attractive and its color is dark-orange. We have utilized X-Ray Florescent (XRF) to study these cempaka-madu gemstones from Aceh Tengah and Nagan Raya districts in Aceh province. Our results show that the cempaka-madu gemstone from Nagan Raya district contains 84.90% of SiO2, 8.89% of NiO, 5.47% of Fe2O3, and 0.6% of CaO. The mineral contains in cempaka-madu gemstone from Aceh Tengah district is about the same as those from Nagan Raya district. It is found that the oxide compounds contained in the cempaka-madu gemstone is significantly different than that in jadeite, nephrite-actinolite, nephrite-tremolite, serpentine-clinochrysotile, serpentine-antigoride, and vesuvianite. Consequently, we conclude that the cempaka-madu gemstone from Aceh Indonesia cannot be categorized as jade.Keywords: cempaka-madu gemstone, jade, jadeite, nephrite, serpentine, vesuvianit
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF 16S rRNA GENE FRAGMENT OF ANTIBIOTIC-PRODUCING PLS 76 ISOLATE
Get PDFExploitation of extremophiles as novel bioactive compounds sources has been increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and the class of antibiotic produced by a thermo-halophilic isolate PLS 76, as well as to identify the genotype of the isolate. The activity was determined by a disc diffusion method, while the antibiotic class was determined qualitatively by chemical reactions using ninhydrin, iodine vapour and potassium iodine. The genotype was determined by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene fragment and the phylogenetic tree from the sequence data. The results showed that PLS 76 was a Gram-negative bacterium and able to produce polypeptide antibiotic, which showed a slight activity on E. coli and S. aureus. Sequence alignment of the 16S rRNA gene fragment showed that PLS 76 was most related to Geobacillus kaustophilus. These results may be used to utilise the isolated for further antibiotic study
DISTRIBUTION MAPPING OF GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT Eleusine indica IN SERDANG BEDAGAI REGENCY
Get PDFThe presence of Eleusine indica from oil palm plantations in Serdang Bedagai Regency has never been overall reported glyphosate-resistant. This study aims to distribution mapping and resistance classification of E. indica population to glyphosate herbicide of oil palm plantations in Serdang Bedagai Regency. This research was conducted on Weed Research Center Land in Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara in October 2016 to August 2017. This research used glyphosate herbicide with the recommended dose at 720 g ai ha-1 and three replications. Population ESU0 (from Politeknik Negeri Medan Ball Field) as a comparison. Data analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software. The results showed there E. indica population classified as glyphosate-resistant amount 89.36% (42 population), classified as glyphosate-resistant moderate amount 10,64% (5 population) and there is no population glyphosate-susceptible on oil palm plantations in Serdang Bedagai Regency of recommended dose at 720 g ai ha-1
NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF DIOSCOREA HISPIDA FROM DIFFERENT LOCATIONS AROUND LEUSER ECOSYSTEM AREA
Get PDFProximate analysis of Dioscorea hispida tubers, collected from five locations around Leuser ecosystem in Aceh Province, showed variations amongst samples. Standard AOAC method for proximate analysis of the fresh weight showed that the water content varied between 15.8 - 37.8%, crude protein 1.13 -6.20%, crude lipid 1.99 - 9.36% and ash 0.29 - 1.24%. The total carbohydrate was high, i.e. between 58.3 -71.9%. The main mineral was phosphorus, with a value of 11.7 - 46.9 mg/100g. These variations could be due to soil, climate and weather factors, as well as postharvest handling. Phytochemical tests showed that all of the samples contained alkaloids and terpenoids. One of the samples (LP) also contained phenol and steroid. The high cyanide content in the tubers (379 - 739 ppm) was easily removed by repeated washing. The cyanide level dropped significantly after the 3rd wash. Information on nutritional content in D. hispida is essential for planning its utilization. Increasing the economic value of D. hispida is expected to attract people around the Leuser ecosystem to cultivate and utilize it, thereby reducing illegal forest encroachment.Keywords: Dioscorea hispida, proximate, Leuser, janeng, gadung, starchREFERENCESBarton H 2014 Yams: Origins and Development, Encyclopaedia of Global Archaeology, p 7943-7947, (Springer. DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2193).Obidiegwu J E and Akpabio E M 2017 The Geography of Yam Cultivation in Southern Nigeria: Exploring Its Social Meanings and Cultural Functions J. Ethnic Foods 4 28-35.Chandrasekara A and Kumar T J 2016 Roots and Tuber Crops as Functional Foods: A Review on Phytochemical Constituents and Their Potential Health Benefits Intl. J. Food Sci. 2016 1-15.Kumar S, Das G, Shin H-S and Patra J K 2017 Dioscorea spp. (A Wild Edible Tuber): A Study on Its Ethnopharmacological Potential and Traditional Use by the Local People of Similipal Biosphere Reserve India Front. 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IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF WEED VEGETATION AS Ganoderma PRESENCE MARKER ON OIL PALM PLANTATION
Get PDFWeeds on oil palm plantations can also be the host of Basal Stem Rot caused by Ganoderma. This study aims to identify and analyze of weed vegetation using visual estimation and squares method as Ganoderma presence marker on oil palm plantations. This research was conducted in block 17, 16, and 6 of VII afdeling, Rambutan Estate in Serdang Bedagai Regency on December 2017 to March 2018. This research used survey method with visual estimation and squares. The data used is absolute density, relative density, absolute frequency, relative frequency, important value indeks, Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR) and dry weight. Data analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software. The results showed that different weed species between oil palm was infected and uninfected by Ganoderma with visual estimation method is Cyclosorus aridus (14.78%) where as with squares method are Cyperus rotundus (10.60%), and Stenochlaena palustris (7.76%) with temperature range 28.67 to 30.80oC and moisture amount 60.67 to 77.33%