Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
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Substitusi Pupuk Kimia pada Budidaya Padi SRI Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Produksi dan Organisme Tanah: Substitution of Inorganic Fertilizer In SRI Paddy Cultivation Effect on Growth, Production and Soil Organisms
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh budidaya SRI dibandingkan metode konvensional dengan berbagai taraf pemupukan terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi padi serta mempelajari aktivitas dan populasi organisme tanah. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) merupakan inovasi dalam system budidaya padi yang masih berkembang terus namun telah mampu meningkatkan produksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sejak Desember 2014 sampai dengan April 2015 pada lahan sawah irigasi kecamatan Pakem Kabupaten Sleman, Provinsi D.I Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan split plot. Petak utama adalah metode budidaya padi SRI dan konvensional, dan sebagai anak petak adalah empat taraf pemupukan, yaitu pupuk anorganik dosis rekomendasi dan dikombinasi dengan pupuk organik serta pupuk organik hayati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah anakan produktif dan hasil panen pada budidaya SRI signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan budidaya konvensional. Metode budidaya SRI mampu meningkatkan hasil gabah lebih tinggi. Aktivitas dan populasi organisme tanah juga tidak menunjukan perbedaan yang nyata pada penerapan metode budidaya dan aplikasi pemupukan yang dilakukan.
Kata kunci: Pertumbuhan, produksi dan organisme tanah, System of Rice Intensification (SRI)This research was aimed to study the effect of SRI cultivation compared to conventional methods with different levels of fertilization on the growth and production and to study the activity and populations of soil organisms. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is an innovation paddy cultivation that still evolving but has been able to increase production. This study was conducted from December 2014 until April 2015 on irrigated land in Pakem district, Sleman regency, D.I Yogyakarta Province. This study used a split-plot design. The main plot is an SRI method and conventional cultivation, and subplots are four levels of fertilization, namely inorganic fertilizer dosage recommendation and as combined with organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer. The results showed plant height, number of tillers, number of productive tillers and grain yield the SRI cultivation was significantly higher than conventional farming. SRI method was able to increase grain yield higher compared with conventional cultivation and the application of inorganic fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer did not differ on the growth and yield and the interaction between the method with the application of fertilizer did not show significant differences. The activity of soil organisms and populations also did not show different.
Keywords: Growth, production and soil organism, System of Rice Intensification (SRI
Diversity of Collembola and Ground Surface Insects at Different Ages of Oil Palm Plantations (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): Keanekaragaman Collembola dan Serangga Permukaan Tanah di Berbagai Umur Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.)
Get PDFThe presence of Collembola and soil insects at different ages of oil palm plantations indicate the differences of soil qualities and fertility. The aims of this study was to know the diversity of Collembola and soil insects, age of palm oil plantations that have the highest diversity of Collembola and soil insects, and the relationship between diversity of Collembola and soil insects with soil C-organic content in palm oil plantations. The research was conducted in June-July 2018 at the oil palm plantation at Balunijuk Village, Bangka. Soil sample was taken from 3 year olds, 5 year olds and 13 year olds of oil palm plantation area. The identification of Collembola and soil insects was conducted in Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Biology, University of Bangka Belitung. This research used correlational descriptive method with survey technique. Sampling technique used was a purposive sampling technique. Collembola and soil surface insects were collected by using pitfall traps. The results showed that Collembola diversity and oil palm plantation insects were included in the moderate category. Plantation area of 3 years old was the area with the highest value (2.098). Positive correlation value between the diversity Collembola and soil insects with soil C-organic content, it means that increasing of diversity growth followed by increasing of C-organic content.Keberadaan Collembola dan serangga tanah pada umur perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berbeda dapat menandakan kualitas dan kesuburan tanah yang berbeda-beda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman Collembola dan serangga permukaan tanah sebagai indikator kesuburan tanah pada perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni – Juli 2018 di perkebunan kelapa sawit milik petani Desa Balunijuk, Kabupaten Bangka pada umur tanaman kelapa sawit 3 tahun, 5 tahun, dan 13 tahun dan dilanjutkan identifikasi keanekaragaman Collembola dan serangga tanah di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Pertanian, Perikanan, dan Biologi Universitas Bangka Belitung. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif korelasional dengan teknik survei dan teknik purposive sampeling menggunakan perangkap jebak pitfall trap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Keanekaragaman Collembola dan serangga tanah perkebunan kelapa sawit termasuk dalam katagori sedang. Keanekaragaman paling tinggi terdapat pada umur tanaman 3 tahun dengan nilai 2.098. Korelasi keanekaragaman Collembola dan serangga tanah dengan C-organik tanah memiliki korelasi yang positif
Simulation of Land Use Change Against on Hidrological Characteristics of the Ciliman Watershed: Simulasi Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Terhadap Karakteristik Hidrologi Daerah Aliran Sungai Ciliman
Get PDFThe Ciliman Watershed is one of the watersheds in Kabupeten Lebak and Kabupaten Pandeglang with a total area ± 500 km2. According to report of Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) Serang City, flooding often occurs in the Ciliman watershed because of the overflow of the Ciliman tributaries, this occurs because of the conversion of land use in the upstream area of Ciliman watershed so that during the rainy season, rainwater does not seep into the ground but directly into runoff. The aims of the research is to simulate several soil and water conservation as an effort to better manage the Ciliman watershed and determine the best land use scenario in accordance with the biophysical Ciliman watershed. This study applied SWAT model as a tool to simulate several soil and water conservation technical at Ciliman watershed. The scenarios simulated were: 0) existing condition, 1) application of forest area functions, 2) application of soil and water conservation techniques using RTK RHL, 3) application of regional spatial planning (RTRW). The results showed that scenario 2 (RTK RHL) was the best scenario by overall. Scenario 2 can reduce the Qmax/Q min ratio by 31.63% compared to other scenarios. And also can reduce coefficient of runoff by 24% and direct runoff by 23.55% and increase baseflow by 16.20% and water yield by 1.77%.Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Ciliman merupakan salah satu DAS yang berada di Kabupaten Lebak dan Kabupaten Pandeglang dengan luas total DAS ± 500 km2. Banjir sering terjadi di DAS Ciliman akibat meluapnya anak-anak sungai Ciliman, karena konversi penggunaan lahan di daerah hulu Ciliman sehingga pada waktu musim penghujan, air hujan tidak meresap kedalam tanah tapi langsung menjadi air limpasan. Penerapan Konservasi Tanah dan Air (KTA) merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas DAS Ciliman. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mensimulasikan beberapa teknik KTA sebagai upaya pengelolaan DAS Ciliman yang lebih baik dan menetapkan skenario penggunaan lahan yang terbaik sesuai dengan kondisi biofisik DAS Ciliman. Penelitian ini menggunakan model SWAT sebagai alat untuk mensimulasikan beberapa skenario teknik KTA di DAS Ciliman. Skenario yang disimulasikan adalah: 0) Penggunaan lahan existing, 1) Penerapan fungsi kawasan hutan, 2) Penerapan teknik Konservasi Tanah dan air menggunakan RTK RHL dari BPDAS Ciliwung-Citarum, 3) Penerapan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skenario 2 (RTK RHL) merupakan skenario terbaik dibandingkan dengan skenario yang lainnya. Skenario ini mampu menurunkan rasio Qmax/Qmin sebesar 31.63% dibandingkan skenario yang lainnya. Skenario 2 juga dapat menurunkan koefisien aliran tahunan sebesar 24% dan aliran permukaan langsung (direct runoff) sebesar 23.55% dan meningkatkan aliran bawah permukaan sebesar 16.20 % serta water yield sebesar 1.77%
EMISI CO2 PADA KEBUN KELAPA SAWIT DI LAHAN GAMBUT: EVALUASI FLUKS CO2 DI DAERAH RIZOSFER DAN NON RIZOSFER
Get PDFSources of CO2 from the soil include root respiration, decomposition of newly fallen aboveground litter and decomposition of old soil organic matter. Rhizosphere processes play a key role in soil respiration which is the main carbon efflux from peatland ecosystem to atmosphere. Plant rhizodeposits supply low-molecular weight carbon substrates to the soil microbial community, resulting in elevated levels of activity surrounding the root. We studied the effects of rhizosphere in oil palm plantation on the fluxes of CO2. Carbon dioxide emission flux of peatland was collected in Meulaboh, West Aceh using cylindrical chambers and analysis air samples of chamber by gas chromatograph. Five-point transects perpendicular to drainage canal provided variation in depth of water table for the samples. The data confirmed that The CO2 flux from rhizosphere chamber with additional roots was one to four times higher than from bulk soil chamber
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK LAHAN DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS TBS (Studi Kasus pada PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII Cimulang, Bogor)
Get PDFOil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is an important crop for Indonesia as one of non fuel export commodities. Development, improvement of quality and productivity of oil palm is influenced by a lot of factors, among others are land characteristics. This research was aimed to know the relationship between oil palm productivity and physical land characteristic including soil, slope and the crop age. The results of this research were expected to be useful to improve oil palm productivity and the oil palm plantation development.This research was done within the site of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII at Cimulang, Bogor. In this research, analyzing correlation between productivity of blocks that have homogenous land characteristic with physical land characteristic parameter including soil and slope. Block with homogenous land characteristic was block which 75% or more of it’s area had similar characteristics. These blocks were determined by overlying block map, slope map and soil map. The result show that were 20 homogenous blocks out of all the 38 blocks of the site the PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII at Cimulang. Average production was depend on crop age. At study areas, the highest average fresh fruit bunch production obtained from plants 5 years, which was equal to 22.87 tons acre-1 year-1 and the lowest average fresh fruit bunch production obtained from plants 3 years, which was equal to 0.66 tons acre-1 year-1. Based on soil, the highest average fresh fruit bunch production obtained from the SPT 11 (Typic Eutrudox), which was equal to 12.54 tons/acre/year and the lowest average fresh fruit bunch production obtained from SPT 1 (Oxic Dystropept), which was equal to 9.51 tons/acre/year. Based on slope class, the highest average fresh fruit bunch production obtained from block with slope class B (8-15%), which was equal to 12.54 tons/acre/year, and the lowest average production was equal to 9.98 tons/acre/year from the slope class.
PHOSPHORUS SORPTION KINETIC ON ACID UPLAND SMECTITIC SOIL AMENDED WITH CALCIUM CARBONATE AND CALCIUM SILICATE
Get PDFAcid upland smectitic soil is identified by high amount of exchangeable Al due to the weathering of aluminum (Al) octahedral layer by H+ saturation and by very low phosphorus (P) status. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium silicate (CaSiO3) were commonly used to decrease exchangeable Al and increase soil pH. Laboratory experiments were conducted with clayey smectitic Typic Paleudults from Gajrug region, West Java. The CaCO3 and CaSiO3 were added at rates to replace 0, 1.5 or 3 times of exchangeable Al. After one month of incubation, P sorption kinetic experiments were conducted. The changes in some chemical properties after one month incubation showed that both CaCO3 and CaSiO3 increased the soil pH, exchangeable Ca, and base saturation but did not increase the cation exchange capacity. The results of the experiment showed that both CaCO3 and CaSiO3 decreased the rate constant value of first order kinetic equation (k) and the P sorbed maximum (a) at given amount of added P compared to Control.The CaCO3 was better than CaSiO3 in decreasing k values and on the contrary for a values. The decrease in P maximum sorption and the rate constant of the soil amended with CaSiO3 and CaCO3 due to occupation of P sorption sites by silicates and hydroxyl ions. The CaCO3with the rate to replace 1.5 x exchangeable Al was recommended to decrease the rate constant of P sorption. However, the CaSiO3 at the rate to replace 3 x exchangeable Al was recommended to decrease the maximum P sorption
Biofertilizer Application Influence in Dinamics of Microorganisms Abundance on Tin Mined Area planted Pepper Plant (Piper nigrum L.): Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati Terhadap Dinamika Kelimpahan Mikrob pada Lahan Bekas Tambang Timah yang Ditanami Tanaman Lada (Piper nigrum L.)
Get PDFPupuk hayati (biofertilizer) merupakan pupuk yang mengandung 9 konsorsium mikrob dan bermanfaat untuk pertumbuhan tanaman. Keuntungan penggunaan pupuk hayati adalah untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan, menjaga kesuburan serta kesehatan tanah dan tanaman, sehingga meningkatkan hasil dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis pupuk hayati terhadap dinamika kelimpahan mikrob tanah di lahan bekas tambang timah yang ditanami tanaman lada (Piper nigrum L.) Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi langsung di lapangan melalui pengambilan sampel tanah dengan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel tanah diambil dari setiap taraf perlakuan pada lahan bekas tambang timah yang ditanami tanaman lada sebanyak 6 sampel. Seluruh sampel tanah kemudian diisolasi, media PDA untuk cendawan, media NA untuk bakteri dan media pikovskaya untuk pengujian mikrob pelarut fosfat baik untuk bakteri maupun cendawan, sehingga diperoleh sebanyak 54 cawan. Hasil menunjukkan bahPemberian dosis pupuk hayati yang berbeda-beda tidak berpengaruh terhadap dinamika kelimpahan mikrob. Perlakuan B4 (10 g L-1 tanaman-1) memberikan pengaruh yang relatif baik terhadap kelimpahan cendawan. Sedangkan perlakuan B3 (5 g L-1 tanaman-1) memberikan pengaruh yang relatif baik terhadap kelimpahan bakteri. Hasil dari uji fiksasi nitrogen diperoleh bakteri penambat N pada media NFB dengan adanya pellicle pada bagian bawah tabung reaksi. Hasil uji pelarut fosfat diperoleh dengan zona bening yang mengelilingi bakteri dan cendawan. Dari 6 sampel tanah yang dianalisis mengandung bakteri fiksasi nitrogen dan Bacillus cereus dengan bakteri sebagai pelarut fosfat.Biofertilizer is a fertilizer containing nine microbial consortia that useful for plant growth. The benefits of using biofertilizers are to improve fertilizer efficiency, maintain fertility soil and plant health, improving yield and sustainability. The aim of this research was to know the effect of the biofertilizer dosage to the population dynamics of microbial abundance of tin mined area planted with pepper plant (Piper nigrum L.). The method used is a direct observation method in the field through soil sampling with a purposive sampling technique. Six Soil samples were taken from every level of treatment. Soil samples were isolated, PDA media for fungi, NA media for bacteria and pikovskaya media for microbes solubilazition phosphate testing for both bacteria and fungi consisting of 54 plates. Result of the research indicate that different dosage of biofertilizers did not affect the dynamics of micro-organisms abundance. Treatment of B4 (10 g L-1 plant-1) gave a good effect on the abundance of fungi. While the treatment of B3 (5 g L-1 plant-1) gave a good effect on bacterial abundance. The result of nitrogen-fixing test was obtained by N inhibiting bacteria on NFB media in the presence of a pellicle at the bottom of the test tube. The result of the phosphate solubilization test was obtained with clear zones surrounded bacteria and fungi. Analyzed six soil samples contained nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Bacillus cereus with bacteria as phosphate solubilization bacteria
Dinamics of Land Use/Cover and Its Conformity with Spatial Plan, and Land Carrying Capacity; Case Study in Ciater Sub District, Subang Regency, West Java Province: Dinamika Penggunaan/Tutupan Lahan dan Keselarasannya dengan Pola Ruang dan Daya Dukung Lahan; Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Ciater, Kabupaten Subang, Provinsi Jawa Barat
Get PDFKecamatan Ciater termasuk wilayah Kabupaten Subang bagian selatan yang memiliki fungsi strategis sebagai kawasan resapan air, yang didalamnya melingkupi cagar alam, taman wisata alam serta sebagian wilayahnya merupakan hutan produksi. Kondisi ini perlu dikendalikan pemanfaatannya secara tepat dan berkelanjutan. Pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam untuk kepentingan ekonomi terkadang mengabaikan faktor lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya keselarasan antara penggunaan lahan, kebijakan (pola ruang), dan daya dukung lahannya (kemampuan lahan), agar tidak terjadi kerusakan/bencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis-jenis tutupan/penggunaan lahan tahun 2006 dan 2019 serta perubahannya, mengevaluasi keselarasan penggunaan lahan 2019 dengan pola ruang RTRW Kabupaten Subang 2011-2031 dan daya dukung lahannya serta informasi zona nilai tanah pada setiap kombinasi keselarasan. Metode dasar yang digunakan antara lain sistem informasi geografi (deliniasi visual, overlay, query), dan matriks logis keselarasan serta analisis kemampuan lahan dengan pengumpulan data dari pengamatan lapang, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tutupan/penggunaan lahan terluas di masing-masing tahun adalah hutan sekunder kerapatan sedang dengan persentase 22.72% pada tahun 2006 dan 18.85% pada tahun 2019. Perubahan penggunaan lahan yang paling luas adalah dari hutan sekunder kerapatan sedang pada tahun 2006 berubah menjadi kebun campuran pada tahun 2019 dengan persentase luas 25.25% (173.35 ha). Kelas kemampuan lahan II, III dan IV di Kecamatan Ciater persentase cakupan luasnya 79.89%, sedangkan kelas kemampuan lahan VI seluas 20.11%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan persentase keselarasan 57.25% selaras, 20.44% tidak selaras, dan 22.30% transisi. Dengan demikian, lahan di wilayah studi relatif masih baik dalam hal keselarasan antara daya dukung lahannya dengan kebijakan yang ada. Namun demikian, adanya bencana pada titik-titik lokasi tertentu perlu mendapatkan perhatian bagi seluruh pihak untuk dilakukan mitigasi. Hasil lainnya, menunjukkan keselarasan lahan tidak dipengaruhi oleh nilai tanah, karena terlihat pada lahan yang selaras (S) maupun tidak selaras (TS) sama-sama pada nilai lahan yang rendah. Dalam perencanaan lahan, aspek ekologi dan ekonomi merupakan aspek penting yang perlu diperhatikan.Ciater Sub-District is included in the southern part of Subang District which has a strategic function as a water catchment area, including natural reserves, nature tourism park and production forest. This condition needs to be controlled appropriately and sustainable. It should be noted that natural resource management for economic purposes sometimes ignores environmental factors. Therefore, there is a need for continuity between land use with spatial patterns and land carrying capacity (land capability), so there is no damage/disaster. This study aims to determine the types of land use/cover in 2006 and 2019 and their changes, to evaluate conformity of land use 2019 with spatial planning Subang District 2011-2031, and the carrying capacity of the land as well as the land value zone information on each combination of conformity. The basic methods used included geographic information systems (visual delineation, overlays, queries) and logical conformity matrices and land capability analysis by collecting data from field observations. The results showed that the most extensive land use/cover in each year was secondary forest with medium density with a percentage of 22.72% (2006), and 18.85% (2019). The most extensive pattern of change was from secondary forests of moderate density in 2006 to mixed gardens in 2019 with an percent area of 25.25% (173.35 ha). Land capability classes II, III and IV in Ciater District are 79.89%, while land capability classes VI are 20.11%. The analysis shows that the percent area of 57.25% conformed, 20.44% is not-conformed, while 22.30% is a transition. Thus, land in the study area is still relatively good in terms of conformity between the land carrying capacity with the existing policy. However, the occurrence of disasters at certain location points needs to get attention for all parties to be mitigated. Other results show, land conformity does not depend on land value, because on land that is conform (S) and not conform (TS), both have low land values. In land use planning, ecological and economic aspects are important aspects that need attention
Remote Sensing Application for Regional Rice Production Estimation (A Case Study in Bekasi District): Pengembangan Penggunaan Penginderaan Jauh untuk Estimasi Produksi Padi (Studi Kasus Kabupaten Bekasi)
Get PDFPemanfaatan produk penginderaan jauh satelit Landsat-8 (OLI) untuk melakukan pendugaan luas area panen dan produktivitas tanaman padi dengan menggunakan parameter Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) merupakan salah satu pendekatan baru untuk menghasilkan data estimasi produksi padi wilayah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis citra satelit dengan tanggal akuisisi bulan Mei-Agustus 2015, diperoleh hasil perkiraan luas panen padi sawah di Kabupaten Bekasi periode bulan Juli-Oktober 2015 adalah seluas 15.86 ribu ha atau lebih kecil 7.74 (32.79 %) ribu ha dibandingkan angka BPS pada periode yang sama. Berdasarkan keeratan hubungan antara nilai produktivitas hasil ubinan BPS dengan nilai EVI maksimum, diperoleh model persamaan pendugaan produktivitas tanaman padi sawah sebagai berikut: Produktivitas (ku ha-1) = 36.818 + 44.965 EVI maksimum. Nilai Rsquare yang diperoleh sebesar 0.809. Berdasarkan model tersebut diperoleh pendugaan produktivitas padi sawah di Kabupaten bekasi periode bulan Juli-Oktober 2015 sebesar 47.40 ku ha-1 atau lebih kecil 12.66 ku ha-1 dibandingkan angka produktivitas subround I 2015, lebih kecil 6.77 ku ha-1 dibandingkan angka produktivitas subround II 2015, lebih kecil 10.15 ku ha-1 dibandingkan angka produktivitas subround III 2015, dan lebih kecil 6.62 ku ha-1 dibandingkan angka produktivitas periode Januari-Desember 2015 yang dipublikasikan BPS. Sementara itu, perkiraan produksi padi sawah periode panen bulan Juli- Oktober 2015 berdasarkan analisis citra satelit yakni sebanyak 75.16 ribu ton GKG atau lebih kecil 55.35 ribu ton GKG (42.41%) dibandingkan angka yang dipublikasikan BPS pada periode yang sama.
Kata kunci: Enhanced Vegetation Index, Landsat-8 (OLI), estimasi produksi padiThe utilization of remote sensing imagery such as Landsat-8 (OLI) to estimate harvested area and yield using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) parameter is a new approach to estimate regional rice production. Based on the analysis of the satellite imagery acquisition during May-August 2015, the estimation of rice harvested area in Bekasi District during July-October 2015 is 15.86 thousand ha or 7.74 thousand ha (32.79%) lower than BPS figures in the same period. Based on the relationship between yield (from the crop cutting survey, BPS) and EVI maximum, the equation model for rice yield estimation is Yield (qu ha-1) = 36.818 + 44.965 EVImax. R2 value is 0.809. Based on the model, the estimation of rice yield in Bekasi District during July-October 2015 is 47.40 qu ha-1. Compared to the data published by BPS, the result is 12.66 qu ha-1 lower than the yield figure in sub round I 2015, 6.77 qu ha-1 lower than the one in sub round II 2015, 10.15 qu ha-1 lower than the one sub round III 2015, and 6.62 qu ha-1 lower than the one in January-December 2015. Meanwhile, based on satellite imagery analysis, the estimation of rice production in the period of July-October 2015 is 75.16 thousand tons of GKG or 55.35 thousand tons of GKG (42.41%) lower than BPS figures during the same period.
Keywords: Enhanced Vegetation Index, Landsat-8 (OLI), rice production estimatio