Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
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Erosion Prediction Study of Tugu Utara (Ciliwung Hulu) Sub Watershed
Get PDFThe research of erosion prediction method at the watershed scale was carried out at Tugu Utara (Upper Ciliwung) sub-watershed in Puncak, West Java, Indonesia from August 2000 to February 2001. The objectives of this study were: ( I ) to predict erosion at watershed scale through an approximation of sediment yield measurement at the outlet of subwatershed, and (2) multiple regression equation and Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) prediction. The experiment at Tugu Utara (upper Ciliwung) sub-watershed measured the discharge, surface erosion by soil pan method, sediment yield by sampling at the outlet and SDR. The result showed that the multiple regression equation and SDR Stiff Diagram can be used to predict the erosion at Tugu Utara (upper Ciliwung) sub-watershed.
Keywords: Erosion prediction, multiple regression equation, sediment delivery ratio.The research of erosion prediction method at the watershed scale was carried out at Tugu Utara (Upper Ciliwung) sub-watershed in Puncak, West Java, Indonesia from August 2000 to February 2001. The objectives of this study were: (1) to predict erosion at a watershed scale through an approximation of sediment yield measurement at the outlet of subwatershed, and (2) multiple regression equations and Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) prediction. The experiment at Tugu Utara (upper Ciliwung) sub-watershed measured the discharge, surface erosion by soil pan method, sediment yield by sampling at the outlet and SDR. The result showed that the multiple regression equation and SDR Stiff Diagram can be used to predict the erosion at Tugu Utara (upper Ciliwung) sub-watershed.
Keywords: Erosion prediction, multiple regression equation, sediment delivery ratio
Isolation and Activity Test of Acidophilic Iron and Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria from Black Water Ecosystem of Central Kalimantan
Get PDFThe acidophilic iron and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from the black water ecosystem, an \u27extreme\u27 ecosystem affected indirectly or directly by peatland Isolation and selection were done on minimal media (liquid and solid). All selected strain of bacteria (BB 179, OM 349, AH 41, TB 23, TB 27, TP 3, NN 323, and SI 188) were identified as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Biooxidation and bio-leaching tests were accomplished using the isolated bacteria. The results showed the capability of the isolated bacteria to oxidize ferrous-salt and to leach the low qualities of sulfide ores.
Keywords: Acidophilic, bioleaching, biooxidation, Thiobacillus ferrooxidansThe acidophilic iron and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from the black water ecosystem, an \u27extreme\u27 ecosystem affected indirectly or directly by peatland Isolation and selection were done on minimal media (liquid and solid). All selected strain of bacteria (BB 179, OM 349, AH 41, TB 23, TB 27, TP 3, NN 323, and SI 188) were identified as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Biooxidation and bio-leaching tests were accomplished using the isolated bacteria. The results showed the capability of the isolated bacteria to oxidize ferrous-salt and to leach the low qualities of sulfide ores.
Keywords: Acidophilic, bioleaching, biooxidation, Thiobacillus ferrooxidan
Relationship Between Exchangeable Alumunium and Phosphorus Sorption Parameters of Indonesian Acid Soils
Get PDFIn acid soils, phosphorus (P) sorption is generally attributed to hydrous oxides of Fe and Aluminum (Al) particularly in tropical soils with low pH. However, reports concerning the role of exchangeable Al in P sorption mechanism are very little. Phosphorus (P) sorption isotherms were studied in fifteen acid upland soils containing different amounts of exchangeable Al. P sorption characteristics were satisfactorily described by the Langmuir equation. which was used to determine P sorption maxima and bonding energies, with r values ranging from 0.97 to 0.99. The soils varied widely in their capacities to sorb P. P sorption maxima ranged from 303 to 1,429 mg kg-1 (mean 627 mg kg-1) and bonding energies from 0.65 to 8.00 L mg-1 (mean 2.39 L mg-1). Exchangeable AI was found not correlated with P sorption maxima (r = -0.11) but significantly correlated with P bonding energies (r = 0.68**). This was clearly shown by clayey soils from Java and Sumatra but not in sandy soils from Kalimantan. The results suggested that in general, the reaction of exchangeable Al with P increased P bonding energy but exchangeable Al was not the main component in P sorption maximum.
Keywords: Exchangeable Al, P bonding energy, P sorption maximu
Development of Land Capacity Status for Labour Absorption in Horticulture Area Using Geographic Information System, A Case Study in Samarang Subdistrict, Garut, West Java
Get PDFAn index for labor absorption capacity of an agricultural cropping system requires worker number from direct activities and non-direct activities in a field The number of workers from direct activities can be generated from landmanagement (ploughing, fertilization, weeding, etc), meanwhile, the number of workers from non-direct activities such as transportation of manure and product, has to include a distance effect. A distance of a farm from a collection point, where agricultural facilities distributed, contributes to the number of workers required for carrying such products or fertilizers.To calculate a distant effect to absorption capacity is hampered by difficulty in measuring of farm distance in a field,which implies it is rarely found such proper data in producing a labor absorption capacity. GIS as a spatial technology has the capability to produce such as distance effect. This research demonstrated the use of GIS in producing labor absorption capacity index and map of status labor absorption in Samarang sub-district, where several intensive agricultural activities such as paddy, vegetable and perfume grass crops were found The map could be used to understand indirectly the economic situation of the area.
Keywords: Cropping system, distance, GIS, labor absorption capacity, Samarang sub-districtAn index for labor absorption capacity of an agricultural cropping system requires worker number from direct activities and non-direct activities in a field The number of workers from direct activities can be generated from landmanagement (ploughing, fertilization, weeding, etc), meanwhile, the number of workers from non-direct activities such as transportation of manure and product, has to include a distance effect. A distance of a farm from a collection point, where agricultural facilities distributed, contributes to the number of workers required for carrying such products or fertilizers.To calculate a distant effect to absorption capacity is hampered by difficulty in measuring of farm distance in a field,which implies it is rarely found such proper data in producing a labor absorption capacity. GIS as a spatial technology has the capability to produce such as distance effect. This research demonstrated the use of GIS in producing labor absorption capacity index and map of status labor absorption in Samarang sub-district, where several intensive agricultural activities such as paddy, vegetable and perfume grass crops were found The map could be used to understand indirectly the economic situation of the area.
Keywords: Cropping system, distance, GIS, labor absorption capacity, Samarang sub-distric
Relationship between Soil Moisture Availability and Basic Soil Physical Properties
Get PDFThis research was conducted to study the relationship between soil moisture content and soil physical characteristics that affected the moisture.The soil samples were collected from 22 scattered sites of West Java and Central Java. Analysis of soil physical properties (texture, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and soil moisture retention) and soil chemical property (organic matter) was conducted at the laboratory of the Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Analysis of simple linear regression was applied to know the correlation between soil moisture content and other basic soil physical properties.Availability of soil moisture (pF 4.20 – pF 2.54) significantly correlated with organic matter, total porosity, and micropores. The higher organic matter content, as well as total porosity and micro, pores the higher available soil moisture. Soil moisture of field capacity significantly correlated with clay content, sand content, micro and macropores. The higher clay content and micropores the higher soil moisture of field capacity. In the contrary, the higher macropores and sand content the lower the field capacity. Soil moisture of the wilting point significantly correlated with clay content and macropores. The higher clay content the higher the wilting point, while the higher macro pores the lower soil moisture of wilting point.
Keywords: Available soil water, field capacity, organic matter, soil pores, wilting pointThis research was conducted to study the relationship between soil moisture content and soil physical characteristics that affected the moisture.The soil samples were collected from 22 scattered sites of West Java and Central Java. Analysis of soil physical properties (texture, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and soil moisture retention) and soil chemical property (organic matter) was conducted at the laboratory of the Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Analysis of simple linear regression was applied to know the correlation between soil moisture content and other basic soil physical properties.Availability of soil moisture (pF 4.20 – pF 2.54) significantly correlated with organic matter, total porosity, and micropores. The higher organic matter content, as well as total porosity and micro, pores the higher available soil moisture. Soil moisture of field capacity significantly correlated with clay content, sand content, micro and macropores. The higher clay content and micropores the higher soil moisture of field capacity. In the contrary, the higher macropores and sand content the lower the field capacity. Soil moisture of the wilting point significantly correlated with clay content and macropores. The higher clay content the higher the wilting point, while the higher macro pores the lower soil moisture of wilting point.
Keywords: Available soil water, field capacity, organic matter, soil pores, wilting poin
Direct and Indirect Methods of Soil Microbial-Biomass Determination: Weakness and Strength
Get PDFDalam dua dasawarsa terakhir ini telah terjadi peningkatan minat para pakar ilmu tanah dan lingkungan dalam menentukan jumlah total mikroorganisme dalam contoh tanah. Minat tersebut muncul karena para pakar menyadari pentingnya peranan mikroorganisme tanah di dalam berbagai proses biokimia yang terjadi di dalam sistem tanah, proses retensi dan pelepasan hara serta energi dalam tanah. Setiap usaha untuk menentukan aliran hara dan energi dalam sistem tanah harus mempertimbangkan peranan dari mikroorganisme tanah.Dalam dua dasawarsa terakhir ini telah terjadi peningkatan minat para pakar ilmu tanah dan lingkungan dalam menentukan jumlah total mikroorganisme dalam contoh tanah. Minat tersebut muncul karena para pakar menyadari pentingnya peranan mikroorganisme tanah di dalam berbagai proses biokimia yang terjadi di dalam sistem tanah, proses retensi dan pelepasan hara serta energi dalam tanah. Setiap usaha untuk menentukan aliran hara dan energi dalam sistem tanah harus mempertimbangkan peranan dari mikroorganisme tanah
The Changes in Chemical and Physical Properties of Fibric Peat Pollowing Burning
Get PDFFire is still used until today for land preparation because it is cheap, easy and relatively quick to be done, meanwhile, the impact is still not much yet known especially for peatland Due to that reason the research, especially on peat quality following burning, is highly important in order to understand the performance of it in the term of sustainability.
The research objective was to understand the performance of burned peat quality compared to the condition before burning at fibric peat especially in the land preparation area using fire belong to the shifting cultivator. The site was located in the Pelalawan district, Riau province, Indonesia, during the dry season in the year 2001. To reach the research objective 2 plots of each 400 m) (20 m x 20 m) were established.
The results of the research shown that soon the following burning, chemical properties of burned peat were increased significantly, while after one month part of them tended to decrease such as P, K, and base saturation. Three months after burning most of the chemical properties decreased while at six months a few of them were still increased such as P, Na and CEC. This research showed that the increasing of ash after burning was a temporary effect and others the negative impact is continued.
Key words: fire, peat burning, peat qualit
The Effect of Organic Matter (Pueraria javanica) and Rock Phosphate on the Growth and P-uptake of Corn Plant (Zea mays) in Andisol Pasir Saronggae
Get PDFPhosphor (P) is the second esensial element after nitrogen which is needed by plants, however, its avaiiability is a problem in vulcanic ash soils such as Andisol. The objective of the research was to study the effect of organic matter (Pueraria javanica) and rock phosphate to the growth and P-uptake of corn plant in Andisol Pasir Sarongge. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agriculture University.
The design of the experiment was completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the rates of organic matter (0, 2.5%, and 5%) and the second factor was the rates of rock phosphate (0, 40 mg Plkg, and 80 mg Plkg), therefore there were 27 of treatments of experiment. Three kilogram of soil samples were put in the plastic bag and mixed with combination of organic matter and rock phosphate based on the treatments and then incubatedfor 4 week periods. After incubation, five seeds of corn were planted, and then were selected and left three plants after one week period. The soil moisture was maintained to water holding capacity.
The results of the study showed that after 4 weeks of planting (4WAP), addition of organic matter increased plant height, dry matter and P- uptake of corn plant. However, the effect between the rate of 2.5% and 5% of organic matter to those variables above were not significantly different. The increased of plant height (4WAP), dry matter, and P-uptake due to addition of organic matter were in the range of 32-41%, 68-105%, and 84-92%, respectively. Meanwhile. addition of rock phosphate. and combination of organic matter and rock phosphate did not affect those variables.
Keywords: Andisol, organic matter, Puerariajavanifa, P-uptake, rock phosphat
Effective Technique of Run Off Control on Sloping Upland Farming
Get PDFThe aims of this study were to find out the effects of runoff control techniques and cropping patterns on the runoff rate of sloping upland farming. A series of factorial experiments were conducted on a Lithic Dystrudepts located at three different sloping uplands in Malang, East Java. The area belongs to the C type of Oldeman climatic zone.
The three runoff control techniques were soil pit with vertical mulch (T1), soil pit with ridge and vertical mulch (T2), and soil pit with a ridge (T3). The two sequential cropping patterns were maize (Zea mays L.) - soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) - maize (P1), and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) - maize - soybean (P2).
The result indicates that runoff control techniques decrease rate of runoff by 88%, for soil pit with ridge technique, 86% for soil pit with ridge and vertical mulch technique, and 84% for soil pit with vertical mulch technique. The relationship ofrainfallJx) with run off(y) can be expressed by y = 0.05x; r = 0.92 in cropped plot andy = 0.30x; r = 0.90 in bare plot.
Keywords: ridge, soil pit, vertical mulchThe aims of this study were to find out the effects of runoff control techniques and cropping patterns on the runoff rate of sloping upland farming. A series of factorial experiments were conducted on a Lithic Dystrudepts located at three different sloping uplands in Malang, East Java. The area belongs to the C type of Oldeman climatic zone.
The three runoff control techniques were soil pit with vertical mulch (T1), soil pit with ridge and vertical mulch (T2), and soil pit with a ridge (T3). The two sequential cropping patterns were maize (Zea mays L.) - soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) - maize (P1), and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) - maize - soybean (P2).
The result indicates that runoff control techniques decrease rate of runoff by 88%, for soil pit with ridge technique, 86% for soil pit with ridge and vertical mulch technique, and 84% for soil pit with vertical mulch technique. The relationship ofrainfallJx) with run off(y) can be expressed by y = 0.05x; r = 0.92 in cropped plot andy = 0.30x; r = 0.90 in bare plot.
Keywords: ridge, soil pit, vertical mulc
Isolation and Selection of Growth Promoting Phyllosphere Bacteria from Leaf of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivar IR-64
No full textPhylosphere bacteria are bacteria that live on the leave surface. Phylosphere bacteria have been reported to improve the growth of several plants such as rice. However, in Indonesia, the study concerning phylosphere bacteria is very rare.
The aims of this study were to isolate and select phylosphere bacteria which are able to stimulate the growth of rice cultivar IR-64. Phylosphere bacteria were isolated from leaves of rice cultivar lR-64 grown at Ciherang (Sindangbarang) and at Pasirkuda (Ciomas) Bogor at the age of two, four and eight weeks after planting. The media used to isolate the phylosphere bacteria was Agar Ashbey.
The surface of rice seeds was sterilized and then inoculated by deeping the rice seeds into bacterial suspension with a cell density of 1 x 106 cells ml-1. Leave inoculation was done by deeping leaves of three weeks old rice seedling into bacterial suspension with a cell density of 1 x 106 cells ml-1.
Parameters measured were plant height, upper part biomas and root biomas. Phyllosphere bacteria were identified based on Bergey\u27s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology.
Nineteen isolates of phyllosphere bacteria were isolated from rice leaves, nine isolates were from Pasirkuda (Ciomas) and ten isolates were from Ciherang (Sindangbarang); eleven isolates were from rice phyllosphere and eight isolates were from endophyllosphere. Based on the age of the rice, two isolates were from two weeks old rice, nine isolates were from four weeks old rice and eight isolates were from eight weeks old rice.
Phyllosphere bacteria significantly increased the plant height, upper parts biomass as well as root biomass. Six isolates were able to improve the growth of rice seedling IR-64 were Aureobacterium seperdae (two isolates), Arthrobacterium globiformis (one isolate) and Microbacterium lacticum (three isolates).
Keywords: endophyllosphere, phyllosphere bacteria, rice cultivar IR-64Phylosphere bacteria are bacteria that live on the leave surface. Phylosphere bacteria have been reported to improve the growth of several plants such as rice. However, in Indonesia, the study concerning phylosphere bacteria is very rare.
The aims of this study were to isolate and select phylosphere bacteria which are able to stimulate the growth of rice cultivar IR-64. Phylosphere bacteria were isolated from leaves of rice cultivar lR-64 grown at Ciherang (Sindangbarang) and at Pasirkuda (Ciomas) Bogor at the age of two, four and eight weeks after planting. The media used to isolate the phylosphere bacteria was Agar Ashbey.
The surface of rice seeds was sterilized and then inoculated by deeping the rice seeds into bacterial suspension with a cell density of 1 x 106 cells ml-1. Leave inoculation was done by deeping leaves of three weeks old rice seedling into bacterial suspension with a cell density of 1 x 106 cells ml-1.
Parameters measured were plant height, upper part biomas and root biomas. Phyllosphere bacteria were identified based on Bergey\u27s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology.
Nineteen isolates of phyllosphere bacteria were isolated from rice leaves, nine isolates were from Pasirkuda (Ciomas) and ten isolates were from Ciherang (Sindangbarang); eleven isolates were from rice phyllosphere and eight isolates were from endophyllosphere. Based on the age of the rice, two isolates were from two weeks old rice, nine isolates were from four weeks old rice and eight isolates were from eight weeks old rice.
Phyllosphere bacteria significantly increased the plant height, upper parts biomass as well as root biomass. Six isolates were able to improve the growth of rice seedling IR-64 were Aureobacterium seperdae (two isolates), Arthrobacterium globiformis (one isolate) and Microbacterium lacticum (three isolates).
Keywords: endophyllosphere, phyllosphere bacteria, rice cultivar IR-6