Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
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Use of Volcanic Sand as a Natural Fertilizer: Increasing Release of NutrientsUse of Volcanic Sand as a Natural Fertilizer: Increasing Release of Nutrients
No full textVolcanic sands, that contain relatively high content of dark minerals. can be used as a natural fertilizer. Unfortunately, the amount of the nutrients from this material available for the plant growth is very low. To increase the release of the nutrients to the environment. weathering process of the minerals should be accelerated. The objective of this research was to study the capability of urea and ammonium sulphate (ZA) in increasing the release of cations Ca2, Mg2, K1, Cu2 and Zn2 from the minerals. Urea and ZA used in this study is not only known as the source of N fertilizer but also found to destroy the floor of the storehouse made from concrete.
Volcanic sands from Cimangkok and Ciapus were sieved with 100 mesh sieve and were mixed with each urea or ZA with the rate of 10%, 20% and 33%. The mixture was then 3 months incubated in wet conditions. The amount of Ca2 , Mg2, K1, Cu2 and Zn2 extracted with aquadest was measured at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd months.
Due to the higher acidity, adding df the ZA to the sand from Cimangkok and Ciapus effectively increased the amount of extracted Ca2, Mg2 and K1 compared to the adding of urea. At the rate of 10%, adding of the ZA to the sand from Ciapus increased the amount of extracted Ca2 from 25.3 mg kg-1 to 800.1 mg kg-1 and K from 10.6 mg kg-1 to 108.3 mg kg-1. The highest concentration of Mg2 was found on the treatment of ZA with a rate of 33%. i.e. from 9.8 mg kg-1 to 161.7 mg kg-1 in sand from Ciapus. Adding of the urea or of the ZA affected the amount of extracted Cu2 and Zn2, however, there was no trend which rate effectively have increased the extracted these cations.
Generally, the incubation time of I, 2 or 3 months is not significantly effected the amount of extracted cations.
Keywords: Ammonium sulphate (ZA). natural fertilizer. nutrient, volcanic sand, ureaVolcanic sands, that contain relatively high content of dark minerals. can be used as a natural fertilizer. Unfortunately, the amount of the nutrients from this material available for the plant growth is very low. To increase the release of the nutrients to the environment. weathering process of the minerals should be accelerated. The objective of this research was to study the capability of urea and ammonium sulphate (ZA) in increasing the release of cations Ca2, Mg2, K1, Cu2 and Zn2 from the minerals. Urea and ZA used in this study is not only known as the source of N fertilizer but also found to destroy the floor of the storehouse made from concrete.
Volcanic sands from Cimangkok and Ciapus were sieved with 100 mesh sieve and were mixed with each urea or ZA with the rate of 10%, 20% and 33%. The mixture was then 3 months incubated in wet conditions. The amount of Ca2 , Mg2, K1, Cu2 and Zn2 extracted with aquadest was measured at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd months.
Due to the higher acidity, adding df the ZA to the sand from Cimangkok and Ciapus effectively increased the amount of extracted Ca2, Mg2 and K1 compared to the adding of urea. At the rate of 10%, adding of the ZA to the sand from Ciapus increased the amount of extracted Ca2 from 25.3 mg kg-1 to 800.1 mg kg-1 and K from 10.6 mg kg-1 to 108.3 mg kg-1. The highest concentration of Mg2 was found on the treatment of ZA with a rate of 33%. i.e. from 9.8 mg kg-1 to 161.7 mg kg-1 in sand from Ciapus. Adding of the urea or of the ZA affected the amount of extracted Cu2 and Zn2, however, there was no trend which rate effectively have increased the extracted these cations.
Generally, the incubation time of I, 2 or 3 months is not significantly effected the amount of extracted cations.
Keywords: Ammonium sulphate (ZA). natural fertilizer. nutrient, volcanic sand, ure
Characterization of Phenol Degrading Bacteria from Buntal Lake of Central Kalimantan
No full textThree bacterial isolates (ICBB 1168, ICBB 1169, ICBB 1170), being capable to utilizing phenol as sole carbon and energy source, were isolated from Buntal Lake of Central Kalimantan. Growth of all isolates were optimum at 37OC. Optimum pH for growth and phenol degradation of ICBB 1168, lCBB 1169, and ICBB 1170 were 7-8, 6, and 6-7, respectively. Among the isolates, ICBB 1170 showed best phenol degrading activity. ICBB 1170 able to degrade 16 mM phenol to 0.71 mM in 4days. Phenol degradation ability of ICBB 1170 could be increased by adding 0.01-0.1% yeast extract. Addition of 0.05-0.1% glucose in medium inhibited phenol degradation by ICBB 1170. Cell-free extracts of ICBB 1170 had specific activity 2.92 Ulmg. Degradation of benzoate by ICBB 1170 wasstudied. However, the ability to degrade phenol were higher than that of benzoate
The Potential Use of Humic Acids
No full textThe potential use of humic acids has received a great deal of attention during the last decade. Many research workers have suggested the advantage one can expect in the application of humic acids to provide a better growth of plants. Although their characteristics are subjected to considerable variation according to the sources from which they were extracted, the common effect of their application shows very convincing phenomena. However, such information is stilt limited in Indonesia resulting in a somewhat ignorance among the scientists in the country about the remarkable potential of the humic acid application. The objective of this discussion is, therefore, to elaborate basic information regarding the extraction techniques, characteristics variation, potential use as organic-N sources in the form of amino acids for carrier component of microbial inoculants and tissue culture media of plants, ion uptake enhancer, promoter of proteins and nucleic acids synthesis, and enzyme activator.The potential use of humic acids has received a great deal of attention during the last decade. Many research workers have suggested the advantage one can expect in the application of humic acids to provide a better growth of plants. Although their characteristics are subjected to considerable variation according to the sources from which they were extracted, the common effect of their application shows very convincing phenomena. However, such information is stilt limited in Indonesia resulting in a somewhat ignorance among the scientists in the country about the remarkable potential of the humic acid application. The objective of this discussion is, therefore, to elaborate basic information regarding the extraction techniques, characteristics variation, potential use as organic-N sources in the form of amino acids for carrier component of microbial inoculants and tissue culture media of plants, ion uptake enhancer, promoter of proteins and nucleic acids synthesis, and enzyme activator
An Analysis on Performance of Land-Based Farming System
No full textEfficiency and productivity are important terms in understanding the performance of the farming system. The landbased farming system is generally efficient and productive if it operates in a certain range of landholding scale. This study assumed that efficiency and productivity are related to farmland holding scale, land fragmentation, and cropping diversification. In a land-based farming system, land ownership holding scale and fragmentation and cropping diversification are assumed to have specific correlation.
This study was conducted under a cooperation work between Research Institute of Bogor Agricultural University and Agency for Research and Development of Department of Agriculture, in research titled "Cropping Diversification and Employment Development, Stage 11". The study area comprised 6 (six) provinces, i.e.: North Sumatera, South Sumatera, Lampung, West Java, East Java, and South Sulawesi. From these provinces, it was sampled 12 districts.
This study concludes that a lower level of efficiency, productivity, and farmer income is significantly related to a smaller scale of farmland ownership holding, highly fragmented land ownership holding, and miscoordinated (sprawl) land utilization pattern. Farmland tends to decrease every year, but the fragmentation of land ownership/holding tends to increase every year. In another way, miscoordinated land utilization pattern tends to expand. Therefore, the arrangement of land ownership/holding, consolidation of land, and coordination of land utilization are expected to be one of the effective policy instruments in solving current problems of land-based farming system\u27s efficiency and productivity.Efficiency and productivity are important terms in understanding the performance of the farming system. The landbased farming system is generally efficient and productive if it operates in a certain range of landholding scale. This study assumed that efficiency and productivity are related to farmland holding scale, land fragmentation, and cropping diversification. In a land-based farming system, land ownership holding scale and fragmentation and cropping diversification are assumed to have specific correlation.
This study was conducted under a cooperation work between Research Institute of Bogor Agricultural University and Agency for Research and Development of Department of Agriculture, in research titled "Cropping Diversification and Employment Development, Stage 11". The study area comprised 6 (six) provinces, i.e.: North Sumatera, South Sumatera, Lampung, West Java, East Java, and South Sulawesi. From these provinces, it was sampled 12 districts.
This study concludes that a lower level of efficiency, productivity, and farmer income is significantly related to a smaller scale of farmland ownership holding, highly fragmented land ownership holding, and miscoordinated (sprawl) land utilization pattern. Farmland tends to decrease every year, but the fragmentation of land ownership/holding tends to increase every year. In another way, miscoordinated land utilization pattern tends to expand. Therefore, the arrangement of land ownership/holding, consolidation of land, and coordination of land utilization are expected to be one of the effective policy instruments in solving current problems of land-based farming system\u27s efficiency and productivity
Double Inoculation of Rhizobium and Arbuscular Mycorrhyzal fungus to Improve The Growth of Yam Bean
Get PDFSingle inoculation with respectively three strains of Rhizobium (Ci-1, Ci-2, Ci-3) and two strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (78-1 and 41-3) as well as their double inoculation had been tested for their effectiveness in increasing the growth of yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) in a greenhouse experiment. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Biology, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Bogor.
The results showed that all Rhizobium inoculation did not increase the growth of yam bean. On the other hand, inoculation with two strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased the plant growth significantly (4 times for strain 78-1 and 1.46 time for 41-3). Double inoculation between three Rhizobium strains and two of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains (78-1 and 41-3) was not significantly different from a single arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation (78-1 or 41-3).Single inoculation with respectively three strains of Rhizobium (Ci-1, Ci-2, Ci-3) and two strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (78-1 and 41-3) as well as their double inoculation had been tested for their effectiveness in increasing the growth of yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) in a greenhouse experiment. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Biology, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Bogor.
The results showed that all Rhizobium inoculation did not increase the growth of yam bean. On the other hand, inoculation with two strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased the plant growth significantly (4 times for strain 78-1 and 1.46 time for 41-3). Double inoculation between three Rhizobium strains and two of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains (78-1 and 41-3) was not significantly different from a single arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation (78-1 or 41-3)
KEMAMPUAN BAKTERI DARt EKOSISTEM AIR HITAM KALIMANTAN TENGAH DALAM MEROMBAK MINYAK BUMI DAN SOLAR
No full textThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate the abili!y of bacteria strains isolated from black water ecosystem of Central Kalimantan in degrading crude oil and diesel oil. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Biology, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). The crude oil degrading ability of bacteria was tested on a minimum liquid medium (Gurujeyalakshmi dan Orial, 1989) and soil. Six crude oil and diesel oil degrading bacteria were isolated. The bacteria were identified as Bacillus panthotenticus (2 strains), B. circulars (1 strain), Pssudomonas diminuta (1 strain), P. stufzeri (1 strain) and Klebsiella edwardsii (1 strain). These bacteria were able to degrade crude oil or diesel oil whether in a liquid minimum medium or in soil.On a minimum liquid medium, after 10 days incubation, bacteria were able to degrade 20.49% of the crude oil, while in the Entisol soil, after 7 days of incubation, as high as 40.29% of crude oil was degraded and after 28 days incubation, 64.95 of crude oil had been degraded by selected bacteria.The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the abili!y of bacteria strains isolated from black water ecosystem of Central Kalimantan in degrading crude oil and diesel oil. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Biology, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). The crude oil degrading ability of bacteria was tested on a minimum liquid medium (Gurujeyalakshmi dan Orial, 1989) and soil. Six crude oil and diesel oil degrading bacteria were isolated. The bacteria were identified as Bacillus panthotenticus (2 strains), B. circulars (1 strain), Pssudomonas diminuta (1 strain), P. stufzeri (1 strain) and Klebsiella edwardsii (1 strain). These bacteria were able to degrade crude oil or diesel oil whether in a liquid minimum medium or in soil.On a minimum liquid medium, after 10 days incubation, bacteria were able to degrade 20.49% of the crude oil, while in the Entisol soil, after 7 days of incubation, as high as 40.29% of crude oil was degraded and after 28 days incubation, 64.95 of crude oil had been degraded by selected bacteria
Effect of oIntermittent Drainage and Fertilization on pH, Eh, Fe, and Mn at New Paddy Soil in Ultisols of Bandar Abung (Lampung) and Tapin (South Kalimantan)
No full textTo study the effect of intermittent drainage and fertilization on new paddy soil of pH, Eh, Fe,and Mn, laboratory experiment was conducted using Ultisol of Bandar Abung, Larnpung and Tapin,South Kalimantan. Experiment was carried out using Completely Randomized Block Design with 5treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consist of control, organic matter (rice straw) 5,000kg/ha, KzSOI 100 kgha, dolomite SO0 k p a and intermittent drainage. In the drainage treatment thesoil was drained on the 3d, 5th, 7th, 12 , 14\u27~a~nd 1 6 w~e ek for 7 days respectively. The resultsshowed that intermittent drainage did not affed soil pH, increased soil Eh, decreased soil and water Fe II, and concentration of Mn II in flooded water in both Ultisols of Bandar Abung and Tapin. Organic matter did not affed soil pH, decreased soil Eh, increased soil and water Fe II and concentrattion of Mn II in flooded water in both UAisols of Bandar Abung and Tapin. The higher the soil Fe dithionit andDTPA in the soils caused higher risk in Fe toxicity
Characteristic of Soil Physical Properties Derived from Pyritic-Contained Sediment of Musi Banyuasin as by Affected by Drying Treatment
No full textGreenhouse and laboratory research at the Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture IPB has been conducted about treatment of drying on acid sulphate soil coloum from Musi Banyuasin to examine the effect on soil physical properties. Soil coloum of 95 cm height is maintained submerged, aside from other soil coloums drained at 50 cm and 75 cm depth are drying treatment of 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Drying treatment at 75 cm depth lowering soil surface 0.8 and 2.9 crn at the firstand eighth week of drying, respectively. The soil subsidence is affected by organic matter decomposition and swelling - shrinkage characteristic of 2:1 clay mineral. Drying treatmentsignificantly increasing aggregate stability from 54.69 to 57.19 at 15 cm depth, decreasing it from 57.29 to 51.19 at 45 cm depth at sixth week, and 49.59 to 45.82 at 75 cm depth at fourth week.Although the result has irregular pattern, drying treatment significantly increasing soil bulk density at 15 an depth from 0.83 to 0.95 glcm3, decpasing at 45 cm depth from 0.69 to 0.45 glcm3at sixth week, and increasing from 0.63 to 0.72 g/cm at 75 cm depth at fourth week. The incremental anddecreasing is more caused by organic matter decomposition and soil aggregate sementation by iron resulted from pyrite oxidation. Drying treatment significantly affecting soil porosity, permeability and COLE at several depth, atthough the pattern is irregular
Comparison of Chemical Properties and Application as Acid Soil Amendment of Pretreatment Center Slag and Other Slags
No full textChemical properties of Pretreatment center slag (PTC-slag) were analyzed and compared to those of converter slag (C slag) and blast furnace slag (BF slag). PTC slag had a high EC value as well as citric acid soluble P and contained more Ca, Si, P, K, and Na but less Mg and Fe than C slag. Compared to BF slag, PTC slag contained more Fe, Ca, Mg, P, Mn, and Na but less Si, Al, and K. Although neutralizing value of PTC slag was lower than that of C slag, its ability to neutralize soil acidity was markedly higher.
A pot experiment using Andisol from Tochigi Prefecture and komatsuna plant was carried out to evaluate PTC slag as liming material as well as P fertilizer. PTC slag, C slag, and dolomite were applied as liming materials and combined with super phosphate (SP). Addition of SP of 2.5 and 5.0% phosphate absorption coefficient (PAC) to PTC slag significantly improved the yield of komatsuna. This result, however, only apply for PTC slag adjusting soil pH to 6.5. Addit~ono f the same dosage of SP to PTC slag adjusting soil pH to 7.5 did not give significant effect. On the other hand, addition of SP of 2.5 and 5.0% PAC to C slag or dolomite significantly improved the yield for both C slag or dolomite adjusting. the soil pH to 6.5 and 7.5.
Results of the experiment also indicated that P\u27TC slag and C slag significantly increased soil pH; exchangeable Ca, and Mg and improved available P, B, and Mn in Andisol. The magnitudes of these effects of the two slags, however, were difference. As compared to C slag and dolomite, PTC slag increased lower exchangeable Mg but higher available P. These results suggest that for acid soil amendment, PTC slag was better than dolomite and C slag due to the fact that this material supply more P and B. Application of PTC slag as acid soil amendment will reduce the demand of P fertilizer, and even in high dosage can meet the P demand of komatsuna plant.Chemical properties of Pretreatment center slag (PTC-slag) were analyzed and compared to those of converter slag (C slag) and blast furnace slag (BF slag). PTC slag had a high EC value as well as citric acid soluble P and contained more Ca, Si, P, K, and Na but less Mg and Fe than C slag. Compared to BF slag, PTC slag contained more Fe, Ca, Mg, P, Mn, and Na but less Si, Al, and K. Although neutralizing value of PTC slag was lower than that of C slag, its ability to neutralize soil acidity was markedly higher.
A pot experiment using Andisol from Tochigi Prefecture and komatsuna plant was carried out to evaluate PTC slag as liming material as well as P fertilizer. PTC slag, C slag, and dolomite were applied as liming materials and combined with super phosphate (SP). Addition of SP of 2.5 and 5.0% phosphate absorption coefficient (PAC) to PTC slag significantly improved the yield of komatsuna. This result, however, only apply for PTC slag adjusting soil pH to 6.5. Addit~ono f the same dosage of SP to PTC slag adjusting soil pH to 7.5 did not give significant effect. On the other hand, addition of SP of 2.5 and 5.0% PAC to C slag or dolomite significantly improved the yield for both C slag or dolomite adjusting. the soil pH to 6.5 and 7.5.
Results of the experiment also indicated that P\u27TC slag and C slag significantly increased soil pH; exchangeable Ca, and Mg and improved available P, B, and Mn in Andisol. The magnitudes of these effects of the two slags, however, were difference. As compared to C slag and dolomite, PTC slag increased lower exchangeable Mg but higher available P. These results suggest that for acid soil amendment, PTC slag was better than dolomite and C slag due to the fact that this material supply more P and B. Application of PTC slag as acid soil amendment will reduce the demand of P fertilizer, and even in high dosage can meet the P demand of komatsuna plant
Analisis Resiko Lingkungan Tanaman Transgenik (Environmental Risk Assessment on Transgenic Plants)
No full textTanaman transgenik merupakan fenomena baru di bidang pertanian saat ini. Tanaman tersebut telah menimbulkan pendapat pro maupun kontra yang luas baik di kalanganilmuwan maupun di masyarakat. Hingga saat ini belum pemah ada uji komprenhensif mengenai pengaruh tanaman transgenik terhadap lingkungan di wilayah tropika. Tidak adanya referensi di satu sisi menyulitkan peneliti untuk menganalisis pengaruh tanaman transgenik di wilayah tropis, sedangkan di sisi lain justrumenjadi tantangan luar biasa bagi peneliti Indonesia untuk mengembangkan metodologi analisis resiko lingkungan tanaman transgenik yang sesuai dengan kondisi lingkungan di Indonesia