Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
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Significance of Pelleting The Seed with Phosphate and Lime on The Cultivation of Soybean in Acid Soils in Sitiung, West Sumatera
Get PDFSeveral experiments containing 2 field, 2 pot and I rhizotron were conducted to develop a low input agricultural practice(pelleting seed) for production of soybean plant (cv. Tidar) on heavily acid soils of Sitiung, West Sumatra. The field and polexperiments were conducted in Sitiung and in the greenhouse at the Agriculture Division, Center for the Application ofIsotopes and Radiation Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jakarta, respectively, in 1990 - 1992. The rhizotronexperiment was conducted in 1994 at the Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences.Wageningen University. Wageningen, The Netherlands. Lime-pel/eting seeds with the equivalent of 50 kg lime ha·1 increased nodulation, growth and yield both in unlimed and limed soils. Considerable increases in nodulatio, growth and yield were obtained when a small amount of P fertiliser (J 0 kg TSP ha·l ) was incorporated in the lime-pellet. The beneficial effects of both lime-pelleting and [lime+TSPj-pelleting were more pronounced on nodulation than on growth and yield. and greater in umimed soils than in limed soils. Large effects were obtained in nodulation, growth and yield of soybean in field experi1ltl!nts by pelleting seeds with lime or with lime + TSP. However, the pel/eted soybean plants grown in unlimed soils remained small and yields were negligible. To sustain growth and production of soybean in these acid soils, adequate quantities of lime and of P fertiliser would be necessary. In the present study, a combination of broadcast lime at 2.0 t ha-I with [lime+TSPj-pelleting of inoculated seeds was found superior to the application of 7.0 t ha-I of lime with inoculated seeds only. A I toxicity and P deficiency were the main problems in these acid soils. For the low-input production of soybeans considerations shOllld be directed to the correction of these factors
A Decision Support System for Rice Cultivation on Acid Sulfate Soils in Malaysia
Get PDFAmeliorative steps to put acid sulfate soils into productive use can be organized by a decision support system. The model uses microeconomic analysis to get an optimal rate of lime and fertilizer in maximizing profit. A glasshouse experiment was conducted on an acid sulfate soil in Malaysia to get the potential yield. A field trial was conducted for validation purposes. The recommended rate of fertilizer application of 150-200 kg ha-1 N. 20-30 kg ha-1 P and 150-200 kg ha-1 K were applied during the critical stage of the rice growth. Field Adjusting Factor (FAF) of 0.40 has been found and this was used to analyze the production function. Using TableCurve 3D software. an equation for production function was established. Validation using experimental data showed that the equation has a good capability. shown by the value of p>0.2 (t-test) and MEE of 2%. The model. named as RiCASS (Rice Cultivation on Acid Sulfate Soil) was developed and successfully simulatedthe maximal profit under 4 different scenarios. The recommended rate of lime (GML) was 6.5 t ha-1 for maximal profit and 2.5- 3.0 t ha-1 for the farmers, practice.
Keywords: Acid sulfate soil. decision support system. field adjusting factor. lime. ric
The Role of Rock Phosphate and Farm Yard Manure Combined-Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in Increasing Nutrient Uptake and Soybean Yield
Get PDFThe aims of the experiment were to evaluate the effect of rock phosphate application and combination betweenphosphate-solubilizing bacteria with farm yard manure on nutrient uptake and yield of soybean. Factorial experiment design with two factors was used in randomized complzte block design with three replications. The first factors was level of rockphosphate i.e. : 0; 30; 60; 90 kg P ha· I, and the second factor was combination of phosphate solubili=ing bacteria andfarm yard manure: without phosphate solubi/i=ing bacteria andfarm yard manure; phosphate solubilbing bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens); farm yard manure 10 ton ha"I, and phosphate solubilizing bacteria + farm yard manure. The results indicated that rock phosphate and combination of phosphate solubilizing bacteria andfarm yard manure application increased nutrient (N, p, K) uptake and grain yield of soybean. Optimum dosage of rock phosphate in soil without phosphate-solubilizing bacteria andfarm yard manure (control) was 72.15 kg P hdl which gave maximum yield of soybean was 7.73 g pori. While with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. farm yard manure and phosphate solubilizing bacteria+farm yard manure obtained optimum dosage of rock phosphate were 62.26, 63.94, and 62. 21 kg P hd1 , respectively, which gave maximum yield of soybean were 8.17, 7.95, and 8.43 g pori, respectively
Effect of Placement Method of Crop Residue and Irrigation on Soil Physical Properties and Plant Production
Get PDFA proper management of crop residue can increase crop production since it plays an important role on increasingwater availability. The effect of crop residue application on soil productivity depends on many factors. In this research. theeffect of placement of crop residue and irrigation on soil physical properties and crop production were examined under field condition on dry season. The result showed that crop residue placement had no significant effect on all parameters of measured soil physical properties both under dry condition (no irrigation) and wet condition (with irrigation). The effects ofcrop residue placements on maize growth were also not significant. Nevertheless there was a tendency that surface application produced higher biomass than buried application. On grain yield, however. the effect of crop residue placement was significant. especially under dry condition with no water applied Surface application of crop residues produced higher grain yield than buried application
Abundance, Biomass and Diversity of Soil Fauna at Different Ecosystems in Jakenan, Pati, Central Java
No full textThe assessment of soil fauna in three different ecosystems namely teak forest, home garden and fallow paddy field had been studied in Pati, Central Java. The soil fauna was collected using a soil corer of 20 cm diameter to the depth of 0-15 cm from 5 randomized points in the above ecosystems. The soil fauna was t$en extracted in a Berlese funnel extractor. Soil fauna in the home garden showed the highest abundance (2 940 individual m--), followed by teak forest (2 340 individual m-?) and fallow paddy (1 790 individual m-?). The home garden had also a higher soil fauna diversity (2.06) compared to the teak forest (1.82) and fallow paddy (1.67). In terms of soil fauna biomass, the teak forest had a higher value (961 mg m-3 compared to the home garden (368 mg m-3 and fallow paddy (309 mg m"). In these three ecosystems, two fauna groups, i.e. Collembola and Acari were the most abundant animals. Poor vegetation cover tends to reduce the population of soil fauna in the fallow paddy. field, whereas vegetation, found in the home garden and teak forest protected the soil surface from direct sunshine and maintained soil moisture. This condition presumably provided a more favorable habitat for soil fauna. Thus, vegetation cover appears important to maintain soil moisture and soil living-organisms.
Keywords: soil fauna, abundance, diversity, ecosystem, vegetation cove
PENGOLAHAN DSM DENGAN INTERFEROMETRI SAR (InSAR) ANTARIKSA UNTUK MEKANISME PEMBANGUNAN BERSIH (MPB) PROTOKOL KYOTO
Get PDFCapacity development in biomass monitoring is a key action in the implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol in developing countries like Indonesia. The objection of this research is to explore the processing of spaceborne InSAR for the construction of the Digital Surface Model (DSM). The research successfully completed the process by using two InSAR pairs: ERS-1 & ERS-2 tandem pass (completed) and ENVISAT repeat pass (coherence only). DSM product, after field validation, will be applied for SAR calibration in relation to biomass and carbon stock estimation.
Keywords: CDM, DSM, Kyoto Protocol, spaceborne InSARCapacity development in biomass monitoring is a key action in the implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol in developing countries like Indonesia. The objection of this research is to explore the processing of spaceborne InSAR for the construction of the Digital Surface Model (DSM). The research successfully completed the process by using two InSAR pairs: ERS-1 & ERS-2 tandem pass (completed) and ENVISAT repeat pass (coherence only). DSM product, after field validation, will be applied for SAR calibration in relation to biomass and carbon stock estimation.
Keywords: CDM, DSM, Kyoto Protocol, spaceborne InSA
Some Spesific Soil Characteristics of Andisols as Series Differentiae: A Case Study of Cikajang and Cikole Regions, West Java
No full textThe objective of this research was to study specific soil characteristics of Andisols as series differentiae. Five pedons of Cikajang and Cikole regions were studied. Both regions belong to the wet climate, udic soil moisture regime and isothermic temperature regime. As much as 32 soil samples were taken for analysis of physical, chemical and mineralogical properties follows the standard procedures of The Central Research and Development of Soil and Agroclimate laboratory. The specific soil properties can be used for soil series to differentiate each soil family. In soil family level, pedon Dn-1, Dn-2, and Dn-4 are classified as Typic Hapludand, medial-mixed, isothermic, and pedon Dn-3 and Dn-5 are classified as Thaptic Hapludand, medial-mixed, isothermic. Each soil family consists of two soil series. The properties of buried soil, color, texture, and soil reaction are used for soil series differentiate.
Keywords: Andisols, soil series, specific soil characteristics, West Jav
Value of the Zero Point of Charge (ZPC) and Its Relation with Potassium Sorption in Coastal Peatland of Jambi and Central Kalimantan
Get PDFOne of the important chemical aspects of peatland management which has not been paid attention to is Zero Point of Charge (ZPC). By determining soil ZPC value, the sorption and bounding of cations can be estimated in certain pH.value. Low of Potassium (K) is one of the other problems of peatland This nutrient is easily leaching from peat because of the weakness bounding. This research is aimed to determine ZPC value and maximum sorption of K of the coastal peats of Jambi and Central Kalimantan with decomposition degrees of sap ric, hemic, and fabric. The location of this research is in Soil Chemical and Fertility Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture IPB Bogor, from September 2000 - March 2001. Soil samples were taken from two areas, Lagan (Jambi) and Samuda (Central Kalimantan). The determinations of K maximum sorption was carried out on 4 pH level as treatments (0.25 point below and above pHZPC. 0.50 point above pHZPC and at pHZPC. It was concluded that ZPC value of coastal peats of Jambi with decomposition degrees of sapric was 5.01, decomposition degrees of hemic was 4.13, and decomposition degrees of fibric was 4.56, while coastal peats of Central Kalimantan with decomposition degrees of sapric was 4.25, decomposition degrees of hemic was 4.28, and decomposition degrees of fibric was 4.48. Jambi peat with sapric decomposition level has the lowest K maximum sorption at Zpc. In contrast, Central Kalimantan peat with sapric decomposition level has the highest K maximum sorption.
Keywords: Peat, potassium, sorption, ZPCOne of the important chemical aspects of peatland management which has not been paid attention to is Zero Point of Charge (ZPC). By determining soil ZPC value, the sorption and bounding of cations can be estimated in certain pH.value. Low of Potassium (K) is one of the other problems of peatland This nutrient is easily leaching from peat because of the weakness bounding. This research is aimed to determine ZPC value and maximum sorption of K of the coastal peats of Jambi and Central Kalimantan with decomposition degrees of sap ric, hemic, and fabric. The location of this research is in Soil Chemical and Fertility Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture IPB Bogor, from September 2000 - March 2001. Soil samples were taken from two areas, Lagan (Jambi) and Samuda (Central Kalimantan). The determinations of K maximum sorption was carried out on 4 pH level as treatments (0.25 point below and above pHZPC. 0.50 point above pHZPC and at pHZPC. It was concluded that ZPC value of coastal peats of Jambi with decomposition degrees of sapric was 5.01, decomposition degrees of hemic was 4.13, and decomposition degrees of fibric was 4.56, while coastal peats of Central Kalimantan with decomposition degrees of sapric was 4.25, decomposition degrees of hemic was 4.28, and decomposition degrees of fibric was 4.48. Jambi peat with sapric decomposition level has the lowest K maximum sorption at Zpc. In contrast, Central Kalimantan peat with sapric decomposition level has the highest K maximum sorption.
Keywords: Peat, potassium, sorption, ZP
Increasing P Retention in the Peat Column Amended with Mineral Soil and Some Rock Phosphates
No full textPeat soils have very low capacity in retaining P. Mineral soils rich in Fe could be used as ameliorant in increasing this capacity. The aim of this experiment was to study the use of three rock phosphates and SP-36 on peat amended with mineral soil in increasing P retention. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Centre for Soil and Agroclimate Research and Development, Bogor. P treatments consist of four P fertilizer sources including Morocco rock phosphate, Christmas rock phosphate, Ciamis rock phosphate, and SP-36, and three P level (50, 100 and 200% of P sorption) plus partial and complete control in 2 replications. The experiment conducted in the soil column made from PVC pipe 4 inches in diameter. The column was filled with 1,250 g peat dry weight (10.5 oC), 250 g of which was amended with mineral soil and each of three rock phosphates or SP-36, and put on as the upper part of the column and incubated for 4 weeks. Leaching was conducted every day, with 50 cc distilled water for 12 days. The filtrate was collected in 500 cc Erlenmeyer glass, and soluble P was analyzed. After this step peat in the colu~nnw as divided into seven depth that was 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 and 50-60 cm, then P-Bray I was analyzed. The results showed that the application of Morocco and Ciamis rock phosphates on peat amended with mineral soil after leaching, resulting in the accumulation of P on the upper layers, suggesting that P retention on peat was increased such that P loss could be reduced. The ratio of P content in the soil column at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depth for Morocco rock phosphate on the dosages of 50, 100 and 200% of P sorption were 1.54; 1.90; and 2.79, respectively, and that for Ciamis rock phosphate were 1.64; 1.76 and 4.11, respectively. The application of Christmas rock phosphate resulted in P accumulation at 30-40 cm depth. The ratio of P content in soil column treated with Christmas rock phosphate at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depth on dosages of 50, 100 and 200% of P sorption were 1.05; 1.11 and 1.38, respectively, suggesting that P was leached to the bottom layer. It seems that high Fe in Christmas rock phosphate did not contribute to an increase of P retention. Although the application of SP-36 resulted in P accumulation at the upper layers, P leaching was higher.
Keywords: Amelioration, Peat, Phosphorus fertilization, Phosphorus retentionPeat soils have very low capacity in retaining P. Mineral soils rich in Fe could be used as ameliorant in increasing this capacity. The aim of this experiment was to study the use of three rock phosphates and SP-36 on peat amended with mineral soil in increasing P retention. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Centre for Soil and Agroclimate Research and Development, Bogor. P treatments consist of four P fertilizer sources including Morocco rock phosphate, Christmas rock phosphate, Ciamis rock phosphate, and SP-36, and three P level (50, 100 and 200% of P sorption) plus partial and complete control in 2 replications. The experiment conducted in the soil column made from PVC pipe 4 inches in diameter. The column was filled with 1,250 g peat dry weight (10.5 oC), 250 g of which was amended with mineral soil and each of three rock phosphates or SP-36, and put on as the upper part of the column and incubated for 4 weeks. Leaching was conducted every day, with 50 cc distilled water for 12 days. The filtrate was collected in 500 cc Erlenmeyer glass, and soluble P was analyzed. After this step peat in the colu~nnw as divided into seven depth that was 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 and 50-60 cm, then P-Bray I was analyzed. The results showed that the application of Morocco and Ciamis rock phosphates on peat amended with mineral soil after leaching, resulting in the accumulation of P on the upper layers, suggesting that P retention on peat was increased such that P loss could be reduced. The ratio of P content in the soil column at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depth for Morocco rock phosphate on the dosages of 50, 100 and 200% of P sorption were 1.54; 1.90; and 2.79, respectively, and that for Ciamis rock phosphate were 1.64; 1.76 and 4.11, respectively. The application of Christmas rock phosphate resulted in P accumulation at 30-40 cm depth. The ratio of P content in soil column treated with Christmas rock phosphate at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depth on dosages of 50, 100 and 200% of P sorption were 1.05; 1.11 and 1.38, respectively, suggesting that P was leached to the bottom layer. It seems that high Fe in Christmas rock phosphate did not contribute to an increase of P retention. Although the application of SP-36 resulted in P accumulation at the upper layers, P leaching was higher.
Keywords: Amelioration, Peat, Phosphorus fertilization, Phosphorus retentio
Relationship between K/Ca Ratios in the Soil Solution with the Dynamic of K in Ultisol and Vertisol of Upland Area
No full textThe objectives of this experiment were: (1) to study the effect of K and Ca fertilization on the dynamic of K, (2) to study the relationship between the dynamic of K in the soils with corn growth, and (3) to determine the optimum K requirement on different K/Ca ratio in the soil solution. Ultisol and Vertisol from the upland areas were used for the study. The determination of K and Ca dosage was based on the maximum soil sorption. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using the factorial randomized complete design with three replications. Four levels K dosage and three levels Ca dosage were applied in the experiment. The C-7 hybrid of corn was selected as an indicator plant. The result showed that adding K and Ca increased the dry weight of the plant in both Ultisol and Vertisol. In Ultisol, adding of K increased the amount of exchangeable Ca, Mg and K, and water-extracted K, whereas adding of Ca increased the exchangeable Ca and Mg and water-extracted K. The optimum K requirement for Ultisol was 58 mg kg-1 for K/Ca ratio <0.03 and 88 mg kg-1 for K/Ca ratio >0.03. In Vertisol, adding of K increased the exchangeable and water-extracted K, while adding of Ca increased both exchangeable and water-extracted Ca and Mg. The optimum K requirement was 55 mg kg-1 for the K/Ca ratio <0.03 and 171 mg kg-1 for the K/Ca ratio >0.03. Water extracted Ca and Mg showed a negative relationship with the K/Ca ratio both in Ultisol and Vertisol. The positive relationship between K/Ca ratios with water-extracted K was found in Ultisol, and with both exchangeable and water-extracted K in Vertisol. The increase of the K/Ca ratio increased the critical level of exchangeable K and water-extracted K.
Keywords: K/Ca ratio, K dynamic, soil solution, Ultisol, upland, VertisolThe objectives of this experiment were: (1) to study the effect of K and Ca fertilization on the dynamic of K, (2) to study the relationship between the dynamic of K in the soils with corn growth, and (3) to determine the optimum K requirement on different K/Ca ratio in the soil solution. Ultisol and Vertisol from the upland areas were used for the study. The determination of K and Ca dosage was based on the maximum soil sorption. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using the factorial randomized complete design with three replications. Four levels K dosage and three levels Ca dosage were applied in the experiment. The C-7 hybrid of corn was selected as an indicator plant. The result showed that adding K and Ca increased the dry weight of the plant in both Ultisol and Vertisol. In Ultisol, adding of K increased the amount of exchangeable Ca, Mg and K, and water-extracted K, whereas adding of Ca increased the exchangeable Ca and Mg and water-extracted K. The optimum K requirement for Ultisol was 58 mg kg-1 for K/Ca ratio <0.03 and 88 mg kg-1 for K/Ca ratio >0.03. In Vertisol, adding of K increased the exchangeable and water-extracted K, while adding of Ca increased both exchangeable and water-extracted Ca and Mg. The optimum K requirement was 55 mg kg-1 for the K/Ca ratio <0.03 and 171 mg kg-1 for the K/Ca ratio >0.03. Water extracted Ca and Mg showed a negative relationship with the K/Ca ratio both in Ultisol and Vertisol. The positive relationship between K/Ca ratios with water-extracted K was found in Ultisol, and with both exchangeable and water-extracted K in Vertisol. The increase of the K/Ca ratio increased the critical level of exchangeable K and water-extracted K.
Keywords: K/Ca ratio, K dynamic, soil solution, Ultisol, upland, Vertiso