Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
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The Effect of Organic Matter (Centrosema pubescens) and Rock Phosphate Application on the Activity of Phosphatase and P Fraction of Latosol Soil in Darmaga, Bogor
Get PDFOne of the problems of acid soils such as Latosol is very low in P-availabi/ity due to high P-j\u27vcation in those soils. Sincesoils is deficiency of P, adaptation of plants and microorganisms to overcome deficiency of P in soil is by producing phosphatase. Phosphatase. is an enzyme that able to catalize transformation of organic P to inorganic P, and produced by plant roots, residual of plants and microorganisms. Organic mailer as a source of P besides N and energy formicroorganisms, and then rock phosphate as an alternative P fertilizer were used in this research. The objective of theresearch was to study the effect of organic matter (Centrocema pubescent) and rock phosphate application on phosphataseactivity and P fraction of Latosol soil from Darmaga, Bogor. The experiment was designed by completely randomized designwith two factors and three replications. The first factor was application of organic matter with the rate of 0, 2.5, and 5 %, and the second factor was application of rock phosphate with the rate of 0, 20, and 40 ppm P. Soil equivalent to four hundred grams of oven dried soil, organic matter, and rock phosphate were mixed based on the treatments of the experiment, and were placed in plastic pots, and then were incubated for 8 weeks period After incubation period, the soil were air dried and analyzed for phosphatase activity, available P, and organic and inorganic P. The result showed that organic mailer increased activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase, organic and inorganic-P of soil. On the other hand, rocle phosphate increased inorganic P but decreased activities of acid phosphatase,. Application of organic matter or rock phosphate on activity of acid phosphatase was higher (2.3-2.6 times) than on alkaline phosphatase. There was no effect of combinationbetween organic matter and rock phosphate on the activity of phosphatase and organic/inorganic P. Combination betweenorganic matter and rock phosphate Significantly affected available P. In each rates of rock phosphate given, the increasing rate of organic matter increased available P in their interactions, on the contrary, in each rates of organic matter, the increasing rate of rock phosphate did not affect available P in their interactions. However it was tended to decrease in therate of 40 ppm P
Alleviating an Acid Sulfate Soil Cultivated to Rice (Oryza sativa) Using Ground Magnesium Limestone and Organic Fertilizer
Get PDFRice yield on acid sulfate soils in Malaysia is very low, presumably due to AI and/or Fe toxicity. This study wasconducted to ameliorate an acid sulfate soil in the Kemasin-Semerak Integrated Agricultural Development Project, located in Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia, for rice cultivation. Rice variety, MR 219, was used as the test crop. Treatment included the use of various rates of ground magnesium limestone (GML), with or without an organic fertilizer. This acid sulfate soil had an initial pH of < 3.5 at depth below 45 cm. Exchangeable AI in the soil was high, especially in the subsoil. The first crop of rice was disturbed by floods. The result for the 2"d crop showed a promising trend; applying 4 t GMUha in combination with an organicfertilizer, the topsoil pH had increasedfrom 3.95 to 4.21, increasing the exchangeable Ca and Mgfrom 1.58 and 0.48 cmol/kg soil to 2.57 and O. 79 cmol/kg soil, respectively. In this treatment, the rice yield was 7.5 tlha, which was much higher than that produced by farmer\u27s practice of about 2 tlha. The increase in yield was due to the combined effects of increasing pH and exchangeable Ca and Mg and of lowering AI and Fe concentration in the soil solution
Population Dynamics of Microarthropods (Oribatida and Collembola) in Rainfed Paddy Field Ecosystem in Pati, Central Java
Get PDFA study on population dynamics of microarthropods (oribatids and collembolans) in rainfed paddy field ecosystem inPati, Central Java was undertaken with the aim to evaluate which group of soil microarthropods that dominated in each phase of rain fed paddy field. The soil fauna was collected using a soil corer of20 cm diameter to a depth of 0-15 cm, every 30 days.In the fallow, soil fauna was sampled from 4 randomized points per plot, meanwhile in the rice field phases (dry seeded rice and transplanted rice), it was sampled from 4 randomized points in the fields and in the bunds, respectively. per plot. Soil microarthropods in each season were then extracted in a Berlese funnel extractor.During the fallow phase, the dominant soil microarthropods were Oribatida of the Acari (1200 individual m,l) andsome groups of Collembola, namely Hypogastruridae (/200 individual m:2), Entomobryidae (500 individual m,l) andIsotomidae (620 individual m,2), meanwhile Sminthuridae of Collembola did not appear in this phase. In the rice phase,however, Sminthuridae of the Collembola occurred in high numbers, i.e., 860 individual m,2 (field) and 6/0 individual m,l(bund).Regarding the population dynamics of soil microarthropods in rainfed paddy field, we can assumed that oribatids and some groups of collembolans (Hypogastruridae, Entomobryidae and Isotomidae) play an important role in improving the nutrient availability during the fallow phase. meanwhile the Sminthuridae of collembolan seemed to play such role in the rice field phase. more than the other soil microarthropods
Effect of Interlayer Cation Valence on Formation and Chemical Characteristics of Aluminumhydroxy-Vermuculite
Get PDFAluminumhydroxy-smectite (AHS), known also as pillared clay, has some specific characteristics such as wide specific surface area, high basal spacing, and stable at significant high temperature. The AHS was produced from smectite and polymer aluminumhydroxy. In the industrial sector, this product can be used as cracking-catalyst, absorber, and molecular sieve up to 500°C. A similar product can be constructed from vermiculite, and the aluminumhydroxy-vermiculite (AHV) is predicted to have better thermal stability than AHS due to a higher charge density of vermiculite that adsorbs more aluminumhydroxy than that of smectite.Related to the above background the objectives of the research were to study the effects of cation valence in the interlayer space of vermiculite using Li and Ml ions in the formation process and the chemical characteristics of AHV. Li and Mg-vermiculites with different particle sizes are reacted with polymer aluminum-hydroxy\u27 at 100 °C temperature. Solution of 2% Locron was used as a source of aluminum-hydroxy. The products were characterized by chemically and mineralogica/~v. The chemical characteristic includes total chemical analysis, whereas the mineralogical characteristic comprises basal spacing identification that was measured with an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results indicated that the AHV produced from Li-vermiculite showed peaks of 1.86 nm and 1.41-1.45 nm with increasing intensity of the 1.86 nm peaks as the particle size was finer. The AHV produced from Mg-vermiculite showed only a peak of 1.45 nm, whereas the 1.84 nm peak can on~v be identified as a shoulder. The AHV with a peak of 1.86 nm (AHV-I.86) can keep its basal spacing to 1.68 nm after 3 hours of heating at a temperature of 700°C, whereas the AHV-I.45 nm shrinkages to 1.10/0.98 nm at the same treatments. Chemical analysis showed that the inter/oyer space of the AHV-I.86 consists of more aluminum-hydroxy than that of the AHV-I.45. Ratio o(OH/AI o(the interlayer aluminum-hydroxy in the AHV-1.86 was 2.57, whereas that of the AHV-1.45 was 2.40.
Keywords: Aluminum hydroxy-smectite, aluminumhydroxy-vermiculite, a pillared clay, polymer aluminumhydroxychloride, smectite. vermiculiteAluminumhydroxy-smectite (AHS), known also as pillared clay, has some specific characteristics such as wide specific surface area, high basal spacing, and stable at significant high temperature. The AHS was produced from smectite and polymer aluminumhydroxy. In the industrial sector, this product can be used as cracking-catalyst, absorber, and molecular sieve up to 500°C. A similar product can be constructed from vermiculite, and the aluminumhydroxy-vermiculite (AHV) is predicted to have better thermal stability than AHS due to a higher charge density of vermiculite that adsorbs more aluminumhydroxy than that of smectite.Related to the above background the objectives of the research were to study the effects of cation valence in the interlayer space of vermiculite using Li and Ml ions in the formation process and the chemical characteristics of AHV. Li and Mg-vermiculites with different particle sizes are reacted with polymer aluminum-hydroxy\u27 at 100 °C temperature. Solution of 2% Locron was used as a source of aluminum-hydroxy. The products were characterized by chemically and mineralogica/~v. The chemical characteristic includes total chemical analysis, whereas the mineralogical characteristic comprises basal spacing identification that was measured with an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results indicated that the AHV produced from Li-vermiculite showed peaks of 1.86 nm and 1.41-1.45 nm with increasing intensity of the 1.86 nm peaks as the particle size was finer. The AHV produced from Mg-vermiculite showed only a peak of 1.45 nm, whereas the 1.84 nm peak can on~v be identified as a shoulder. The AHV with a peak of 1.86 nm (AHV-I.86) can keep its basal spacing to 1.68 nm after 3 hours of heating at a temperature of 700°C, whereas the AHV-I.45 nm shrinkages to 1.10/0.98 nm at the same treatments. Chemical analysis showed that the inter/oyer space of the AHV-I.86 consists of more aluminum-hydroxy than that of the AHV-I.45. Ratio o(OH/AI o(the interlayer aluminum-hydroxy in the AHV-1.86 was 2.57, whereas that of the AHV-1.45 was 2.40.
Keywords: Aluminum hydroxy-smectite, aluminumhydroxy-vermiculite, a pillared clay, polymer aluminumhydroxychloride, smectite. vermiculit
Exploration of Methanol Utilizing Microbes From Soil and Dung, as Source of Single Cell Protein
Get PDFThe objectives of this research were to explore methanol utilizing microbes by isolation. selection and collection ofmethanol utilizing microbes from soil and dung. further it will be produced as single cell protein.The experiment covers two steps. i.e. I) Sampling of soil and dungfrom Bogor. Cianjur and Karawang. 2) Laboratoryactivity. consisted of: isolation. selection. identification and collection. The microbes were isolated by using the medium ofTani. et al (/982) and its modification. whereas the methanol utilizing microbes were identified by using standard method ofBergeys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology edition Ijh (/994) and Balow et al. (/99 I). The microbes were then proliferatedby using Medium of Mimura et al. (1978) and its modification. Furthermore the cell were harvested and measured itsnitrogen content. The collection of methanol utilizing microbes was conducted with the standard procedure of soilmicrobiology.This research indicated that from 72 samples of soil and dung were obtained 56 isolates of methanol utilizing microbesthat diverse in number and types. Most of methanol utili:ing microbes were isolated from soil and dung by methanol medium 1% and /.5 % in pH 5 and 7. From 56 isolates were chosen 12 isolates to be identified and made as a data base. and then upt as culture collection at Indonesian Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (ICBB). Laboratory of Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology PPLH. and Laboratory of Soil Biology. IPB. From the 12 isolates. 2 isolates were classified into methylotrophic group and they have big potency to be exploited in producing single cell protein. i.e. MelhylococCJIS capsulatus and Acidomonas methanolica. Between 2 isolates. Methylococcus capsulatus (T2M 1 P 1 Cianjur) have a big potency to be used as a source of single cell protein. due to their high content of protein. i.e. 6.4%. Both of the microbes were not pathogenic for human and animal
The Potency of Azotobacter spp.Isolated from Tidal Land of South Kalimantan to Produce Indole Acetic Acids (IAA)
Get PDFTidal land area is considered as the most frigile ecosystems. To open this area as agricultural land has to be donecarefully. To reduce the risk of declining the environmental quality of tidal swa,,!p area due to the agricultural activity, lhearea should be managed properly and Wisely especially when using agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides. Inrelation to this, the use of biofertilizer such as Azotobacter spp, a nitrogen fIXing bacterium and IAA producer, might beimportant thingfor this area.The aims of this experiments was to study the ability of Azotobacter isolated from rice\u27 rhizophere grown in tidalswamp area of South Kalimantan, in producing IAA to stimulate the growth of roots of rice cultivar I R-64. The parametersused to evaluate the effect of Azotobacter inoculation were the increase of the surface area of root, length of roots, totallength of roots, fresh, dry weight of rice IR-64 roots and the growth of root hairs.The results showed that Azotobacter produced less IAA in the media containing Urea (18.28-35.54 ppm IAA) comparedto Azotobacter grown in media without Urea (33.89 - 42.01 ppm IAA). Azotobacter T.M. UNST.3 produced the highest IAA(42.01 ppm), therefore they were able to increase the surface of roots, increase the length and weight of roots of rice cultivarIR-64 compared to other Azotobacter strains. In media containing Urea, Azotobacter RG 3.62 produced the least IAA (/8.29 ppm IAA) compared to other Azotobacter strains. However, this particular Azotobacter strain was able to increase the surface area of root, increased the number of root hairs compared to other strains
The Rate of S-Element Transformation to Sulfate on Three Kinds of Soils With and Without Addition of Organic Matter
Get PDFDefiency of sulfur were found at many areas of farming in Indonesia. The aim of this experiment was to Icnow the rate ofS-element tranformation to sulfate on three kinds of soil without and added of organic matter. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Design with factorial pattern consist of two factors and two replications. The first factor is kinds of soil, i.e. Udic Haplusters, Typic Haplustepts, and Oxyaquic Udipsamment. The second factor is dosage of S-element consist offive levels i.e. 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg kg"\u27. Experiment was arranged in two groups, i.e. without and added 1% of organic matter treatment. Sulfate of each treatment was extracted every ten days by Ca(H]PO.J] content of 500 mg kg"\u27 Pand measured by spectrophotometer on A 432 nm. The result showed that the rate of transformation of S-element to sulfate is significantly affected by kind of soil, S-element dosage, and their interaction. That transformation was on the increase by increasing of time incubation, but the oxidized S persentage was on decrease with an increase of S-element dosage. Addition of organic matter accelerated ransformation of S-element to sulfate on the first stage and decreased with an increase of time incubation
Predicting Spatial Distribution of Argilic Horizon Using Auxilary Information in Regional Scale
Get PDFFor supporting better soil management, the spatial distribution of soils having argilic hori=on (argilic soils) must berecognized and it can be delineate in soil survey mapping activity, but this activity consumes much time and money. This study aimed to build a decision tree model for predicting the spatial distribution of argillic hori=on based on auxiliary information using 3 predicting environmental variables; namely, geomorphic sUrface or substrate, landsurjace unit, and ecoregion beh.Three-based modeling technique was used to generate classification tree model from 318 pedon of Lampung Province,Indonesia. Argillic horizon is predicted to present in hot belt (elevation of 0-200 m above sea level) on interfluve-seepageslope with probability 84% for acid igneous rock, 83% for basic igneous rock, and 90% for acid sedimentary rock. Argillichorizon is also predicted to present in hot belt on transportational midslope with the probability 65% for transported acid sedimentary rock. Argillic horizon is predicted absent with the probability to occur ranging from 0% to 32% on otlrer combinations of landsurface unit, ecoregion belt, and substrate
The Effect of Rock Phosphate and Level of Inoculums on The Survivability of Aspergillus niger and Its Solubilization Ability When Pelleted With Rock Phosphate
Get PDFThe study is intended to examine the survival of Aspergillus niger and its phosphate solubilizing ability when pelletedwith rock phosphate. An A. niger YD 17 obtainedfrom the Laboratory of Microbiology. Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah MadaUniversity was used. The pellet was made by mixing rock phosphate (80%) with organic matter (J 3. 9% waste of tapioca. 6% rice bran, and 1% starch) and spore of A. niger. The experimental design was the Complete Randomized Design 5x4 with 3 replicatiOns. The first factor was sources of rock phosphate (Christmas Island. Jordan, China, Ciamis, and Madura). The secondfactor was the number ofinoculums i.e. control without inoculums, 107 • J(t and J(t cfu.g·\u27. The colony of A. niger that formed at medium of potatoes dextrose agar (PDA) and the amount of soluble phosphorus in the Pikovskaya liquid medium were parameters. Experimental results indicated that sources of rock phosphate and the number of inoculums itif1uence the A. niger survivability and its phosphorus solubilizing ability. Rock phosphate from Ciamis gave the best support for fungus survival and rock phosphate from Christmas Island was the best substrate for phosphate solubilization. The highest soluble phosphate was achieved by ul inoculums
Phonska Fertilizer Leaching and Its Effect on Spinach Growth and Productivity (Amaranthus tricolor. L) on Latosol with Different Clay Content
Get PDFSufficient available water in soil is very essential for plant growth, not only as a nutrient solvent but also to maintainoptimal turgor pressure. Occasionally, additional water supply from irrigation is necessary to achieve optimal soil water,:ondition. The aim of this research was to study leaching of several nutrients correlated to the growth and productivity ofspinach. PHONSKA fertilizer as a source of nutrients was applied to Latosols Darmaga having different clay content. Thetreatments were subjected to different level of water supply resulting in different soil moisture regime. Factorial completelyrandomized design was used for the experiment; the first factor was clay content. Clay content was differentiated between 81% clay (very fine clayey) and 51 % clay (fine clayey). The secondfactor was level of water supply (100, 120, 140 and 160 % ofwater holding capacity).The result of this research showed that the interaction between clay content and amount of water supplied significantlyinfluenced rate of N, P and K leaching, the sum of leached water and also produced plant biomass (