Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
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INDONESIAN FARMERS CAN CONTRIBUTE IN REDUCING GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSION FROM WETLAND RICE FIELD
Get PDFAgricultural sector contribute significantly to the total GHG emission. There are some GHG mitigation options available but so far non of these mitigation options is being implemented by farmers. There is no real action have been taken by government to encourage farmers to implement the available mitigation option to reduce GHG emission from wetland rice field. We discuss some mitigation options and we suggest two additional GHG mitigation options namely crops rotation and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) that probably more attractive to farmer to implement them. However the impacts of these two proposed options as GHG mitigation options should be studied further.Key words: Greenhouse gases (GHG), mitigation option, farmer contribution, SRI, crop rotatio
Land Suitability Model for Curry
Get PDFAgribusiness of herbal medicine is more important in the future due to raw material pharmaceutical industry tends to usematerials naturally produced To develop herbal medicine with high quality requires the criteria of land suitability based onyield quality, which is represented by active compounds. The compounds are resulted from secondary metabolite that isrelated to environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to generate the land suitability criteria for curry withcurcuma production base. A total of 49 curry plantation sites were sampled for plant age, productivity, and landcharacteristics, as well as soil and rhizome samples for laboratory analysis. Age-adjusted curcuma production was used as the yield response, which were plotted against land characteristics. Boundary lines confining the resultant scatter of points were then mathematically described. The boundary lines defined curcuma yields that may occur under a given set ofconditions and could be used to determine land suitability criteria. The criteria were done by using projection of lineintersection between boundary line and yield cut off. Land characteristic and curcuma yield relationships had similar pattern, the scalier data were more skewness with higher yields and the scalier confined by boundary lines. By using the lines, every land characteristics that were studied, could be determine to establish land suitability criteria for curry, except for wateravailability and aluminum saturation
Potential and Possibility of Direct Use of Guano as Fertilizer in Indonesia
Get PDFGuano is a material originally from sea bird or bat excrement. This material is an important source of P fertilizerduring nineteenth century and the early part of twentieth century. The development of artificial fertilizers and the depletion of guano deposits in Peru caused guano negligibled from world fertilizers trading. Recently, guano appeared in fertilizers trading and sciencetific publications again due to the development of organic farming and increasing the price of energy sources for fertilizer manufacture. Based on its origin, guano is classified into sea bird and bat guanos; and based on its composition guano is grouped into nitrogenous dan phosphatic guanos. Moreover, guano deposits are divided into two types: cave guano and insular guano deposits. The main component of guano is N, P, and Ca elements, and the additional elements are K, Mg, and S. Both nitrogenous and phosphatic guanos are important organic fertilizers because the N content of nitrogenous guano and the P content of phosphatic guano are far higher than those of manure, agricultural waste, or muniCipal waste. In Indonesia guano deposits are widely distributed in Sumatera, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusatenggara, and Irian Jaya. The most deposits are cave guano deposits which contain thousands to hundred thousands tons of guano.Consequently, it is highly potential to develop direct use of guano in our country. Futhermore, results of experiments indicated that phosphatic guano has high possibility to be used directly as P fertilizer
Impact of Fire on Natural Regeneration in Peat
Get PDFFire is one of the most effective tools in disappearing vegetation community, where it was depend on the characteristics of burning itself and also the performance of the site being burnt. Previous research in mineral soils showed that repeated burning occurred at the same place trend to clean the vegetation which finally leads to have the land with lower number and quality of species left, while in peat land it was not fully understood. The research objective is to understand the vegetation dynamics following peat fires in the fibric peat type at the land preparation area using fire belong to the local community located in the Pelalawan district, Riau province, Indonesia during the dry season in the year 2001. Before slashing and drying, /0 tree species and 4 species of under storey vegetationfound. The site was dominated by Uncaria glabrata at seedling stage, Garcinia rostrata at sapling stage, Shorea macrophylla at pole stage and Pandanus immersus at understorey. After slashing and followed by 4 weeks drying then continued by burning with high flame temperature range from 8750(; to 900°C, it had been found that 3-months follOWing burning the site was dominated by Garcinia-rostrata at seedling stage and Cyperus halpan at understorey, while 6-months following burning the site was dominated by Eugenia jambos at seedling stage and Cyperus hal pan at understorey. Three months following burning species left to be only 4 species with 115 individuaVha (3 species from original and 1 new species emerge), and at 6 months following burning still 4 species left with 250 individuaVha.Meanwhile in understorey vegetation, 3 months following burning the species increased to be 7 species with 746 individuaVha (3 species left unchanged, I species disappeared and 4 new species emerge) and 6 months following burning the species left still 7 species with 1235 individuaVha. This means thatfire stimulate the increasing number of under storey vegetation
Phosphorus and Potassium Status in Paddy Soils (Sawah) of Central Lampung Regency
Get PDFThe knowledge about the nutrient status in the lowland soils is one of several ways to maintain soil fertility and increasefarmers income. The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of P20J and K20 content in paddy soils (sawah) at Central lampung regency during the year 2001/2002. Composite soil samples were collected in each different soil types based on mapping technical survey of I : 50.000 scale. Composite soil samples consisting of 5 - 10 sub samples were taken from top layer (0 - 20 em) depth. Soil sampling was taken by using grid system, that is I cm2 in the map represented 25 ha in the field p]OJ and K~ potential content determined by HCI 25 %. Data were arranged in a descriptive methode and then classified in to three degrees (high, medium and low). High P was> 40 mg P20s/100 g, medium P was 20;.40 mg P201100 g and law P was 20 mg K20/100 g, medium K was 10 -20 mg K20 /100 g and low K « 10 mg K~/IOOg). The results shawed that soil p;OJ status in paddy soils (sawah) of Centra Lampung regency were 61,65 % high, 35,84 % medium and 2,65 % low while K20 status were 6,64% high, 16,02 % medium and 77,34% low
Water Saving for Paddy Cultivation Under the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Eastern Indonesia
Get PDFThe System of Rice Intensification (SRI) developed in Madagascar in 1980s is a revolutionary new idea for paddycultivation to increase yields with reduced external resources. Basic idea of SRI originally proposed (Basic SRI) is to applycombination of (a) transplanting of young seedlings with wider spacing and (b) intermittent irrigation during vegetativegrowth period Further, application of organic fertilizers without use chemicals has practiced as "Organic SRI" as an idealapproach to improve soil and to produce high quality rice. Over the past fIVe years, a Japan-funded irrigation project inEastern Indonesia executing by the Directorate General of Water Resources, the Ministry of Public Works has introduced SRIand assessed it\u27s potential to reduce demandfor irrigation water while rewardingfarmers with higher production and incomes.This paper reports on on-farm comparative evaluations conducted over 9 seasons between 2002 and 2006 across 8 provincesunder DISIMP. It summarizes the results of 12,133 comparison trials that covered a total area of 9,429 hectares. Averageyield increase was 78% (3.3 tlha) with reductions of 40% in water use, 50% in fertilizer applications, and 20% in the costs ofproduction. As a conclusion, SRI practices can achieve significantly higher output of rice with a reduction in inputs, enhancingsimultaneously the productivity of the resources (land, labor, water and capital) used in irrigated rice production. Theeconomic attractiveness of SRI methods is very great, giving farmers strong incentive to accept water-saving as new norm forirrigated rice production
Farmer Innovations Improving the System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
Get PDFThe System of Rice Intensification (SRI), assembled in Madagascar over a 20-year period and gaining applicationinternationally since 2000, enables farmers to raise their irrigated rice production substantially just by making changes in theway they manage their plants, soil, water and nutrients, rather than by increasing inputs such as fertilizer, water oragrochemicals. Getting more output with less cost enhances profitability. This result is quite unprecedented, as discussed inpaper accompanying this one. SRI is not considered by its proponents as a technology; and by not presenting it to farmers asa set technology, this opens SRI up to many adaptations and innovations by farmer-users, who often but not always arecollaborating with NGO or government staff in a collaborative manner. This paper reports on a number of the innovations thathave been made in SRI practices, demonstrating bothfarmer capabilities and the advantages of engagingfarmers as partnersin an ongoing process of participatory development. The companion paper which considers SRI as a system for innovationoffers a more \u27macro\u27 view of SRI spread that complements this more \u27micro\u27 perspective
Agricultural Land Conversion and Land Use Change Dynamics in North Bandung Area
Get PDFAgricultural land conversion is considered as one of an important issus in the developing areas. In spite of theimportance of informations on the quantity and the rate of land conversion as the basis of formulating the agricultural landconversion policy, those informations are limited. This research was conducted at Lembang and Parongpong Sub-District,Bandung District. The objectives of research are to identify the rate of agricultural land conversion and to measure thedynamic change of land use. Land use in 1992 and 2002 was evaluated by interpretating the result of 1992 and 2002 landsatimage using Geographic Information System (GIS) program. Shift Share analysis was conducted to know the dynamic changeof land use. Results of the study indicated that land conversion at Lembang and Parongpong Sub-District during the period of1992-2002 (ten years) about 3,134.49 ha (25%) or 313.5 ha (2,96%) per year. Forestland reduced the most, from 5,470 ha in 1992 to 1,746 ha in 2002 or reduced about 3,732.12 ha (68%) in ten years. While area of the bush was increased about2,780.20 ha (1,326%) during the same period, from 210 ha in 1992 to 2,990 ha in 2002. Low land was decreasedfrom 252 hain 1992 to 95 ha in 2002, up land was decreased from 3,856 ha in 1992 to 2,736 ha in 2002, mix farming was increasedfrom2,491 ha in 1992 to 4,358 ha in 2002, resettlement was increased from 359 ha in 1992 to 1,612 ha in 2002, bare wasdecreasedfrom 1,115 ha in 1992 to 217 ha in 2002, lake was decreasedfrom 52 ha in 1992 to 50 ha in 2002
Soil Moisture Characteristics on Several Soil Types
Get PDFSoil water availability is one of the important factors injluencing plant growth. Soil that can store more water in alonger time can support a better plant growth. This study was aimed to evaluate the dynamics of soil water of four differentsoils with different characteristics. Four soils classes are clayey textured soils-Red Yellowish Podsolik Jasinga, Clayeytextured soils-Latosol Darmaga, . Sandy Textured soil-Regosol Sindang Barang, and highly organic mater content soi/sAndosolSukamantri. The result showed that at every-suction analyzed, Andosol Sukamantri had consistently highest watercontent while Regosol Sindang Barang was consistently lowest. Similar tendency wasfoundfor available water capacity. Theresult also showed that moisture content at Regosol decrease more rapidly than those of the other three soils. The time need to reach likely constant moisture content is variable with soil type; lowest at Regosol Sindangbarang (45 hours after completely saturated and drained) followed by Podsolik Jasinga (73 hours), Latosol darmaga (74 hours) and Andosol Sulcamatri (76 hours)
Isolation, Carriers Selection and Inoculum Formulation of Thiobacillus spp.
Get PDFOne of problems in international trading of coal is high content of suljur. B iodesuljuration of coal using Thiobacillusspp is recognized as the most environmentally friendly to reduce the content. This research was aimed to collect and to isolateThiobacillus spp from coal, acid mine drainage, ex-coal mining soil and agriculture soil, on selected media. Colonies growingon the media were re-isolated for further characterization to find the most similar to Thiobacillus spp. In this experiment, the selected isolate (5, J 0, 20, 50, and J 00 ml) was cultured in 100 g of coal dust, rice husk charcoal, wood charcoal, andactivated charcoal, to find an appropriate inoculum for coal desulJuration. To observe their survival rate, they were reisolated onto 10 ml Thiobacillus broth medium. The re-isolations were observed at the 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of incubation. The results showed that ThiobaciIlus spp was found only in acid mine drainage. After characterization, the isolates were strongly similar to Thiobacillusferrooxidans. The most proper inoculum was 100 ml culture ofThiobacillus in 100 g rice husk charcoal. It had 100% survival rate after 20 days cultured in that carrier