Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
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UJI EFEKTIVITAS BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZER (PUPUK ORGANIK HAYATI) DALAM MENSUBSTITUSI KEBUTUHAN PUPUK ANORGANIK PADA TANAMAN SWEET SORGHUM [SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH]
Get PDFThe aim of research was to examine the effectiveness of bio-organic fertilizer to substitute inorganic fertilizer necessity on sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] vegetative growth. This research was carried out in the University Farm green house Cikabayan and in the Leuwikopo Experiment Field, Institut Pertanian Bogor. The green house experiment used completely randomized design with six treatments, namely: 1. No fertilizer (control), 2. 100%NPK, 3. 50%N + DOP, 4. 50%NPK + Fertismart, 5. 50%NPK + Ponti, dan 6. 50%NPK + Biost. The field experiment used completely randomizes block design with seven treatments, namely: 1. No fertilizer (control), 2. 50%NPK, 3. 100%NPK, 4. 50%N + DOP, 5. 50%NPK + Fertismart, 6. 50%NPK + Ponti, and 7. 50%NPK + Biost. Materials which was used were super sugar variety, NPK fertilizers, bio-organic fertilizer Fertismart, Ponti, Biost, and organic fertilizer Double Organic Phosphate (DOP).The results of greeen house research showed that bio-organic fertilizer could increase crop height, number of leaves, wet weight upper crop, dry weight upper crop, wet weight root, and dry weight root of sweet sorghum than control and same with treatment of 100%NPK. Treatment of 50%NPK + Biost could increase crop height (47.8%) than control and same with treatment of 100%NPK. Treatment of 50%NPK + Ponti increase dry weight root (59%) than control and same with treatment of 100%NPK.The results of field research showed that bio-organic fertilizer Fertismart could increase wet weight upper crop, crop height (42.8%) and number of leaves (39.5%) than control, and same with 100%NPK. It means that bio-organic fertilizer could substitute about 50% inorganic necessity on sweet sorghum.Keywords: bio-organic fertilizer, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, phosphate solubilizing microbes
PENGARUH SUMBER AIR PENYIRAMAN DAN FREKUENSI PENYEMPROTAN INSEKTISIDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KANDUNGAN TIMBAL (Pb) PADA TANAMAN SELADA
Get PDFWater management and technology of protection insectiside could be changes availability heavy metal in soil and plant. The objective of this research was to study the effect of water source to spray vegetables and frequency sprayer insecticide on the growth and Pb contain in vegetable. The experimental design was factorial in randomized completely block design with three replications. The result showed the effect of water source to spray vegetables and frequency insecticide spray not significant on the growth vegetables, but significant on Pb contain in vegetables. The maximum Pb (7,97 ppm) in sludge from household and twice insecticide spray.Keywords: Water source, frequency insecticide, Heavy metal Pb, vegetable
EFFECT OF AZOTOBACTER AND AZOSPIRILLUM ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RICE GROWN ON TIDAL SWAMP RICE FIELD IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN
Get PDFTidal swamp land is a potential area for rice cultivation. However, tidal swamp is fragile ecosystems, so that when this area is used for rice cultivation, it has to be done carefully. To reduce a risk of environmental pollution in the tidal swamp area due to rice cultivation, the area should be managed properly and wisely especially when using agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides. In relation to this, the use of bio-fertilizer such as Azotobacter or/and Azospirillum, an atmospheric nitrogen fixing bacterium, might be an important thing for this area. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the number of NFB (i.e. Azotobacter and Azospirillum spp.) found in tidalswamp rice fields of South Kalimantan, and their ability in fixing atmospheric nitrogen and supplying this fixed nitrogen to rice, and in increasing rice yields. There were three research stages performed in this study. The first, collecting, isolating and purifying the NFB on the selective media of nitrogen free media. The second, a hydroponic experiment in the greenhouse using Yoshida nutrition solution (Yoshida et al., 1976 in IRRI, 2003) as culture media and selected Azotobacter and Azospirillum. The third experiment was to study the effect of selected Azotobacter isolates to increase growth and yield of IR64 and Margasari rice cultivars, and two Azotobacter isolates were combined with six inoculation methods for Siam Unus rice cultivar as treatments. The result showed that the number of NFB strains found in rhizospere rice cultivars were varied widely. Then, Azotobacter and Azospirillum spp selected from rice fields in the tidal land of South Kalimantan when associated with IR64 and Siam Unus rice cultivars have ability in fixing atmospheric N2 and in supplying N on the initial rice growth. Azotobacter T.B.PDST.2b and T.HM.BPMT.2b were significantly supplying N for early growth of IR64 rice cultivars (2.34 and 2.13 %N). The ability of these isolates to fix atmospheric N2 was similar to N fertilizer (urea) in supplying N (2.2% N). Only Azotobacter T.B.PDST.2b was relatively significant to supply N (1.36% N) for Siam Unus rice cultivar early growth, even though this strain has less ability than N fertilizer (1.94% N) in supplying N. Azotobacter isolates grow in media containing no urea were higher IAA produced than in media containing Urea. Furthermore, yield of IR64, Margasari and Siam Unus inoculated with Azotobacter isolates were 3.87–4.93; 4.63-5.36 and 5.44-6.42 ton/ha respectively. In conclusion, the utilization of Azotobacter and Azorpirillum spp to substitute N fertilizer would be able to increase effeciency of N nutritions and to avoid environment pollutions risks from agrochemical N fertilizer other than to increase rice yields on tidal land of South Kalimantan.Keywords: Azotobacter, Azospirillum, rice cultivars, tidal lands and rice yields
The Efectivity of Embung for Irigating Horticuture Plant in Cikakak Sukabumi
Get PDFDryland farming provides a promising opportunity in increasing agricultural production in rural areas. But, the lack of available water during dry season poses a problem in developing dryland farming. An effective water conservation technique should be developed to alleviate this problem. The use of a small farm reservoir (embung) can be considered as one viable option for such conservation techniques. The purpose of this research was to study the effectivity of small farm reservoirs to supply irrigation water for horticulture commodities. Two different types of small farm reservoir (SFR) were constructed in the micro catchment for the research, i.e. a) SFR built with concrete, b) SFR built without concrete. SFR built with concrete had higher water available for irrigation, which is 34% higher compared to SFR without concrete. In addition, the empirical equation that was used in this research was quite reliable in predicting colected water in the SFRs. Using 80% monthly rain probability, on average one small farm reservoir with dimension 8 m x 2m x 2 m was able to supply irrigation water for 100 m2 horticulture plants for the whole growing period.
Keywords: Small farm reservoir, dry season, irrigation, dryland farming
MENENTUKAN KEBUTUHAN NITROGEN, FOSFOR DAN KALIUM UNTUK TANAMAN JAGUNG BERDASARKAN TARGET HASIL DAN EFISIENSI AGRONOMIK PADA LAHAN KERING ULTISOL LAMPUNG
Get PDFTo obtain the rational fertilizer recommendation for maize in Lampung, the experiment had been conducted in three continuous years. The aims of the experiment were to determine nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) requirements for maize based on yield target. The experiments were conducted in Tegineneng, South Lampung during the rainy season of 2005, 2006 and 2007. The experiments were designed in omission plot and NPK treatments namely 1) 0 kg N +35 kg P + 100 kg K ha-1 (N0P35K100), 2) 200 kg N + 0 kg P + 100 kg K ha-1 (N200P0K100) 3) 200 kg N + 35 kg P + 0 kg K ha-1 (N200P35K0) and 4) 200 kg N + 35 kg P + 100 kg K ha-1 (N200P35K100). Randomized block design with 5 replications was used in the experiments. The results showed that the omitted N > K > P significantly reduced the yield of maize. Yield responses to fertilizer were N = 2.6-4.1, P = 0.57-2.0 and K = 1.6-2.4 t ha-1 and agronomic efficiencies of nutrients were N = 13-21, P = 19-57 and K = 16-24 kg yield kg-1 nutrient. Thus, based on the yield target agronomic efficiencies, the N, P and K requirement for maize at Lampung Ultisol are N = 125-200, P2O5 = 25-100, and K2O = 30-120 kg ha-1 with the yield target of 7-10 t ha-1.Keywords: Omission plot, NPK requirement,Ultisol, zea mays, Lampun
BIOTEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN UNTUK PENANGGULANGAN LIMBAH MENGANDUNG KROM
Get PDFThe biotechnological approaches for treatment of wastewater are widely studied within the last two decades. We show that this approach can be used for treatment of Cr-contaminated wastewater. The sulfate reducing bacteria Desulfotomaculum orientis ICBB 1204 is used in a laboratory experiment to treat Cr-contained wastewater from metal plating industry and the oil and gas company, PT VICO, East Kalimantan. After adaption of the bacteria for around 10 days in the wastewater containing 100 ppm Cr, the process of Cr reduction took place and the Cr in the medium were reduced 92.7% within 20 days. The similar results were achieved on the treatment of PT VICO’s wastewater. The Cr content in the wastewater decreased from 6.54-6.76 to 0.08-0.09 ppm and the pH increased from 3 to 5 – 6 within 20 days incubation period.Keywords: Cr detoxification, Desulfotomaculum orientis ICBB 1204, sulphate reducing bacteria, wastewate
PEMANFAATAN AGEN HAYATI DALAM BUDIDAYA TITONIA PADA ULTISOL
Get PDFTitonia could be used as alternative fertilizer to reduce up to 50% the chemical fertilizer aplication of chili, gardamon, maize, soybean and sweet potato. The titonia which grow as alley croping system(20 rows ha-1) could produced 6,6 -6,8 ton ha-1 y-1 of dry biomass with 2 months pruning period. This amount equal to 40 ton ha-1 y-1 of fresh biomass of titonia. Such amount of biomass content 150-240 kg ha-1 y-1 of N and 156 – 245 kg of K that could be used to replace the 50 % of chemical fertilizer. In the rhizosphere of titonia was observed the micro organism has role in increasing the production of biomass such as micorhizae, bacteria diluted P, Azotobacter, Azospirillium, and bacteria produced of phitohormon. We assume that the re-inoculation of those microorganism in to the rhizosphere of titonia might contribute in increasing of titonia biomass and nutrients yield. The study of the re-inoculation of such microorganism to the rhizosphere of titonia in order to find out the kind of micro organism which highly contributed in increasing of biomass was conducted. The study was conducted by using completed randomized designed with10 treatments and 5 replications. Those treatments are A=without reinoculation (control); B=bacteria diluted phosphate (bdp); C=Azotobacter; D=Azospirillium; E=bacteria produced phytohormon (bph); F=bdp+Azotobacter; G=bdp+Azospirillium; H=bdp+bph; I=bdp+Azotobacter+Azospirilliun; J=bdp+Azotobacter+Azosprilliun + bph. The result of study showed the combination of the reinoculation to the rhizospehere in increasing of biomass and nutrients yield of titonia were (1)Bacteria diluted phosphate; (2) Azospirillium; (3) Bacteri diluted phosphate + Azototobacter; (4) Bacteria diluted phosphate +Azospirillium; dan (5) Bacteria diluted phosphate +Azotobacter +Azospirillium.Keywords: Agen Hayati, Titonia, alternative fertilize
The Effect of Calcium Silicate on The Phosphorus Sorption Characteristics of Andisols Lembang West Java
Get PDFThe effect of calcium silicate CaSiOJ the phosphorus (P) sorption characteristics were studied in Andisols Lembang.The amount of 0, 2.5 and 5% CaSiOJ (calcium silicate) or 0, 7.5 and 15 g calcium silicate per pot was added to the 300 g(oven-dry weight) soil and incubated for one month. A completely randomized design in double replication was set up. After one month incubation, P sorption and P sorption kinetic experiments were conducted The results of P sorption experiment showed that P sorption data were satisfactorily described by the Langmuir equation. which was used to determine P sorption maxima, bonding energies and P sorbed at 0.2 mg P £"\u27 (standard P requirement). The application of calcium silicate did not affect significantly P sorption maxima but decreased significantly the P bonding energies. Calcium silicate also decreased significantly the standard P requirements. As for P sorption kinetic experiment. the results showed that application of 5% calcium silicate decreased significantly the rate constant of P sorption and P sorbed maximum at given amount of added P. The results suggested that the application of calcium silicate to the Andisols made added P was more available for plant
Application of Fuzzy Sets Function for Land Attributes Mapping
Get PDFA study was conducted to evaluate the potential use of Geographical Information System (GIS) for mapping thebiophysical resources of watershed PC-based GIS soft-wares were used in the analysis, processing and mapping of spatialdata. The conventional mapping technique that presents land attribute in form of polygon with abrupt change across classboundaries was improved using Fuzzy technique. This technique involves the generation of membership maps for each soiltype based on the relationship between the soil type and it\u27s forming factors like geology, elevation, slope gradient, slopeaspect, slope curvature, and land cover. The fuzzy technique was found to be more appropriate than the conventionaltechnique of mapping in expressing continuous and gradually changing soil or land attributes. Validation with observed soilor land attributes values indicated that root mean square error (RMSE) obtained for Fuzzy method was lower than that fromthe conventional metho
THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) AS A SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION
Get PDFThe System of Rice Intensification (SRI). developed in Madagascar some 25 years ago. is gaining increasing credence and momentum as probably 500.000 farmers in more than 20 countries are now using its methods to raise their rice. production -- while also reducing their use of external inputs and production costs. Rather than focus on the innovation itself, this paper will introduce SRI only briefly, focusing instead on the transnational system for innovation that has emerged in response to this agronomic opportunity that can be particularly beneficial for resource-limited households. Within SRI\u27s conceptual and practical framework. farmers have devised many innovations. These are the focus of a parallel paper written for this workshop. That paper considers how farmers have made the original SRI methodology less labor-intensive (even labor-saving). and how they have extended methods devised for irrigated rice production both to unirrigated (rainfed) areas for growing rice and to other crops beyond rice. This paper is concerned with what can be considered as a de facto \u27system of innovation\u27 that surrounds and has accelerated the spread of SRI worldwide. SRI has differed from most other agricultural innovations in the extent to which farmers have voluntarily invested their own time and resources in taking SRI to peers as an impressive example of farmer-to-farmer extension. Also. innovative alliances have formed among diverse persons and organizations to disseminate and adjust the methodology. thereby supporting the spread of this innovation even despite resistance from some established institutions