Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
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PROFIL KELARUTAN LIMBAH MINYAK BERAT AKIBAT PENAMBAHAN BAHAN PENCAMPUR
Get PDFHeavy Oil Waste (HOW) is on of the most important petroeum waste. In the recent years, many contamination of soil or water by HOW have been reported. Bioremediation is one of the alternative technology to clean the HOW contaminated soil since it is enviromentally friendly, effective, efficient and low cost. The contaminated soil is diluted in water to form bioslurry. However, the solubility of HOW in water is very low. To increase HOW solubility in water, addition of four mixing agents were tested namely: Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP), Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), quart sand and pumice stone. The main characteristics of HOW were solid TPH was 17.2%, water content was 1.96% and Cu and Hg content was 1.49 ppm and 3.33 ppb, respectively. The parameters determined were turbidity, solid TPH, liquid TPH pH and COD. The results showed that (1) the highest turbidity was in the STPP addition; (2) the lowest solid TPH was in the addition of pumice stone; (3) the highest liquid TPH was in the STPP addition;(4) the pH varied from 3.6 to 7.9; (5) the ghigest COD was in the addition of STPP. From these results it can be concluded that the best mixing agent to increase the solubility of HOW in soil slurry was STPP. Keywords: heavy oil waste (HOW), mixing agents, solubility of HO
PEMANFAATAN STEEL SLAG INDONESIA DI BIDANG PERTANIAN
Get PDFSteel slag is by-product formed in the process of steel manufacturing. In Europe, USA, Japan, China, Korea, and Hawai steel slag has been utilized in agriculture as a liming material for improving acid soil or as Si source for paddy rice and sugar cane plants. Currently, Indonesia produces annually about 540,000 ton of electric furnace (EF) – one kind of steel slag; however none of this is being used in agriculture. Results of researches indicated that Indonesian steel slag could be utilized as a liming material, Si source, as well as peat soil amendment. As a liming material, effect of Indonesian steel slag on growth of plant was slightly better than those of calcite and dolomite. In combination with phosphatic guano, Indonesian steel slag increased effectiveness of phosphatic guano for direct application as P fertilizer. Phosphatic guano was significantly more effective when it was combined with steel slag than be combined with dolomite or calcite. As Si source for paddy rice plant, Indonesian steel slag improved growth and yield of paddy rice both grown on mineral soil containing low available Si on peat soil. The effect of Indonesian steel slag on paddy rice grown on peat soil was significantly better than that of on mineral soil. As peat soil amendment, Indonesian steel slag enhanced growth and bole volume of Acacia cracicarpa grown on peat soil. Keywords: agriculture, Indonesian steel slag, utilizatio
KAJIAN POLA PEMANFAATAN RUANG DI KABUPATEN GARUT BERBASIS DAYA DUKUNG LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Get PDFEnviromental carrying capacity was measured in three methods,i.e land capability, land carrying capacity and water carrying capacity. Garut Regency which is located at the upstream Cimanuk Watershed has an important role in the sustainability of capacity for downstream area. The aims of this study are: (1) to identify land use in Garut Regency in 2009, (2) to identify land capability in Garut Regency, (3) to assess the suitability of land use with land capability and space pattern in Garut Regency, (4) to identify the status of environmental carrying capacity in Garut Regency, and (5) to set a space pattern based on environmental carrying capacity. Based on the interpretation of Landsat Satellite Imagery in 2009, dryland agriculture has dominated the coverage about 45.4% and forest cover about 23.8%. This study also shows that most area in Garut Regency is belong to Class IV land capability (36.4% of the regency area) without Class I of land capability. Suitabilty evaluation between land cover and land capabilty describe that 48,45% area is suitable, 50.4% area is not suitable and 1.18% area is conditionally suitable depending on limitation factors that affect land capability. Another evaluation between space patern and land capability shown that 59.0% area is suitable, 32.1% area is not suitable, and 8.84% area is conditionally suitable. Both status of land carrying capacity and water carrying capacity are deficit. According to spatial pattern based on land capability and existing forest, space that can be use as the preservation area is about 58.5% of the area, and space that can be use as the cultivation area is about 41.5% of the area of Garut Regency.Keywords : Land capability, land cover/use, spatial pattern, water carrying capacit
Landslide Hazard Mapping based on GIS Univariate Statistical Classification: Case Study of Ciawi-Puncak-Pacet Regions, West Java
Get PDFRegarding environmental degradation in Puncak and its surrounding area due to the rapid landuse changes during 1981-1994, some mitigation schemes for soil erosion have been implemented but landslides. Data on landslide and its causative factors (landuse, soil, geology, slope, climate, and terrain mapping unit) and their relationships in the area are still not available. The objective of this research is to develop the method and procedures to map landslide hazards by using GIS (Geographical Information System) univariate-statistical analysis applied to the area as a case study. For this purpose, three methods to classify and to map landslide hazards were evaluated. They were respectively developed by considering: (a) unweighted density total number of the landslide, Method#1, (b) density total number, weighting value, and age of landslide, Method#2, and (c) density total number, weighting value, age, and activity level of the landslide, Method#3. The density number is counted by overlying· each of the landslide maps and each of the causative factors maps used, and from this step, the weighting value is derived. The resulting density number of landslide given as a cumulative percentage and the corresponding weighting value were then plotted on an X-Y graph. From the graph, the level of landslide hazard is classified by applying: (1) standard classification procedure as the default statistical analysis given by the software used, and (2) natural classification procedure as it based on the nature of the curve slope of the cummulative graphic. The result given by the three methods were varied but in general, they gave landslide hazard maps with a similar pattern in which the very high and very low hazard levels in the study area increased during the period of 1981-1994. Of the three methods, applying the natural classification gave a better result than that of the standard classification procedure. Method#2 and Method#3 were better than Method#1 in predicting the future landslide occurrence. Apparently, Method#3 should show the best result but the effect of conversion from raster to vector data in GIS significantly reduced the quality of the resulting map.Regarding environmental degradation in Puncak and its surrounding area due to the rapid landuse changes during 1981-1994, some mitigation schemes for soil erosion have been implemented but landslides. Data on landslide and its causative factors (landuse, soil, geology, slope, climate, and terrain mapping unit) and their relationships in the area are still not available. The objective of this research is to develop the method and procedures to map landslide hazards by using GIS (Geographical Information System) univariate-statistical analysis applied to the area as a case study. For this purpose, three methods to classify and to map landslide hazards were evaluated. They were respectively developed by considering: (a) unweighted density total number of the landslide, Method#1, (b) density total number, weighting value, and age of landslide, Method#2, and (c) density total number, weighting value, age, and activity level of the landslide, Method#3. The density number is counted by overlying· each of the landslide maps and each of the causative factors maps used, and from this step, the weighting value is derived. The resulting density number of landslide given as a cumulative percentage and the corresponding weighting value were then plotted on an X-Y graph. From the graph, the level of landslide hazard is classified by applying: (1) standard classification procedure as the default statistical analysis given by the software used, and (2) natural classification procedure as it based on the nature of the curve slope of the cummulative graphic. The result given by the three methods were varied but in general, they gave landslide hazard maps with a similar pattern in which the very high and very low hazard levels in the study area increased during the period of 1981-1994. Of the three methods, applying the natural classification gave a better result than that of the standard classification procedure. Method#2 and Method#3 were better than Method#1 in predicting the future landslide occurrence. Apparently, Method#3 should show the best result but the effect of conversion from raster to vector data in GIS significantly reduced the quality of the resulting map
Translation of Micromorphological Terminology Used in "Handbook for Soil Thin Section Description [Bullock, et al., 1985]"
Get PDFMikromorfologi merupakan salah satu cabang ilmu dalam ilmu tanah. Dalam studi mikromorfologi, contoh tanah terlebih dahulu disiapkan sebagai suatu irisan tipis (dengan berbagai metoda), kemudian fenomena yang ada di dalamnya diperiksa menggunakan mikroskop. Dengan mengetahui susunan, bentuk, orientasi, pola distribusi, struktur dll, fenomena yang terjadi dapat diinterpretasi, baik mengenai komposisi tanah, hubungan antar komponen maupun dinamika proses yang telah, sedang atau diperkirakan akan terjadi di dalam tanah. Dengan demikian, mikromorfologi dapat dan sangat prospektif pula untuk dikembangkan dan diterapkan bagi berbagai penggunaan di luar bidang ilmu tanah.
Micromorphology is a branch of science in soil science. In micromorphological studies, soil samples are first prepared as a thin slice (with various methods), then the phenomena inside are examined using a microscope. By knowing the composition, shape, orientation, distribution patterns, structures, etc., the phenomena that occur can be interpreted, both regarding the composition of the soil, the relationship between components and the dynamics of the process that has been, moderate or expected to occur in the soil. Thus, micromorphology can and is very prospective to be developed and applied for various uses outside the field of soil science
The Effect of Soil Samples Drying on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Vertic Soils and Their Classification according to Soil Taxonomy
Get PDFThis laboratory experiment was carried out to study the effect of soil samples drying on the physical and chemical properties of vertic soils and their classification according to soil taxonomy. Usually, soil analysis is held on samples in air-dried condition. Clays of some soil types, however, have irreversible properties upon drying which can cause a bias in the measurement results and classification outputs of the soils. To study the irreversibility of clays upon drying, 25 samples of vertic soils were treated in moist and air-dried conditions prior to analysis. The statistical procedure of Match Pair Comparison was used to test the effect of the treatments. The results showed that the irreversibility of day upon drying was reflected in the measured soil properties except for exchangeable-A! and -K, organic-C. and soil-CEC. Nevertheless, the intensity of the day irreversibility of the vertic soils studied was low. Therefore, the drying treatment did not affect their classification outputs.This laboratory experiment was carried out to study the effect of soil samples drying on the physical and chemical properties of vertic soils and their classification according to soil taxonomy. Usually, soil analysis is held on samples in air-dried condition. Clays of some soil types, however, have irreversible properties upon drying which can cause a bias in the measurement results and classification outputs of the soils. To study the irreversibility of clays upon drying, 25 samples of vertic soils were treated in moist and air-dried conditions prior to analysis. The statistical procedure of Match Pair Comparison was used to test the effect of the treatments. The results showed that the irreversibility of day upon drying was reflected in the measured soil properties except for exchangeable-A! and -K, organic-C. and soil-CEC. Nevertheless, the intensity of the day irreversibility of the vertic soils studied was low. Therefore, the drying treatment did not affect their classification outputs
Decrease in Activity of Acid Phosphatase in Root-Zones of Several Plants Driven by Lime and Lead-Containing Industrial Waste Treatments
Get PDFHeavy metals are potentially toxic to soil microorganims and are suggested to decrease soil enzymatic activities. Changes in activity of acid phosphatase in root-zones of some tropical plants treated with a lead-containing industrial waste were studied in a glasshouse experiment. Tropical soil sample (from Gedongmeneng and Banjaragung, Lampung) thoroughly treated with an electronics industrial waste at 0 to 40 ton ha·1 and lime at 0 or 5 ton CaC03 ha·1 were cultured with corn (Zea mays L.), amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L), and green kyllinga (Cyperus kyllinga). Changes in acid phosphatase activity, soil Pb concentration, and soil pH were measured after a 4-week growing period. Soil analysis showed that the activity of acid phosphatase was higher in Banjaragung soil than that in Gedongmeneng soil except in those cultured with green kyllinga. The activity of acid· phosphatase was in general higher in the root-zone of corn than those in the root-zone of amaranth and green kyllinga.The activity of acid phosphatase in both soils decreased with waste addition regardless of plant grown. This was in a good correlation with the increase in soil available Pb as waste was added. However, the decrease in the activity of acid phosphate as the soil pH increased by lime or waste addition suggested that the decrease in the phosphatase activity with waste addition was driven by the increase in soil pH rather than by the increase in the soil available Pb With waste 3dclitton.Heavy metals are potentially toxic to soil microorganims and are suggested to decrease soil enzymatic activities. Changes in activity of acid phosphatase in root-zones of some tropical plants treated with a lead-containing industrial waste were studied in a glasshouse experiment. Tropical soil sample (from Gedongmeneng and Banjaragung, Lampung) thoroughly treated with an electronics industrial waste at 0 to 40 ton ha·1 and lime at 0 or 5 ton CaC03 ha·1 were cultured with corn (Zea mays L.), amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L), and green kyllinga (Cyperus kyllinga). Changes in acid phosphatase activity, soil Pb concentration, and soil pH were measured after a 4-week growing period. Soil analysis showed that the activity of acid phosphatase was higher in Banjaragung soil than that in Gedongmeneng soil except in those cultured with green kyllinga. The activity of acid· phosphatase was in general higher in the root-zone of corn than those in the root-zone of amaranth and green kyllinga.The activity of acid phosphatase in both soils decreased with waste addition regardless of plant grown. This was in a good correlation with the increase in soil available Pb as waste was added. However, the decrease in the activity of acid phosphate as the soil pH increased by lime or waste addition suggested that the decrease in the phosphatase activity with waste addition was driven by the increase in soil pH rather than by the increase in the soil available Pb With waste 3dclitton
MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSICAL, AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME VOLCANIC SOILS OF MT. GALUNGGUNG
Get PDFResults of the study on morphological, physical, and chemical characteristics of three pedons developed on volcanic materials of Mt. Galunggung, namely BM1, 8M2, and 8M3, showed that these pedons had a different stage of profile development. Pedon BM1 is classified as undeveloped, 8M2 is medium developed, and 8M3 is strongly developed. This is mainly caused by differences in the relative age of the parent rocks and elevation. Although classified as undeveloped, the soil represented by pedon BM1, the youngest, has immediately been used by farmers for rice cultivation because of water abundance, and high availability of P, and basic cations derived from weathering of easily weathered amorphous materials and minerals. According to the Soil Taxonomy system of the USDA (Soil Survey Staff, 1996), pedons 8M1, 8M2, and 8M3 are classified as Typic Udipsamment, Taptho Hapludandic Typic Troporthent, and humic Hapludult, respectively. Whilst, according to the FAO/UNESCO system (1988), these pedons are classified as Eutric Regoso/, Eutric Regosol and Humic Aliso/, respectively
Effect ofMeasurement Method and Wet Sieving Time on Index of Soil Aggregate Stability
Get PDFAggregate stability is one of the important factors to be taken into account in controlling soil degradation. It influences soil ability to resist soil erosion. Therefore, it is necessary to have accurate measurement of aggregate stability that able to express well its resistance to dispersion. In this study, aggregate stability of various soil types were measured using different wet sieving time and aggregate size. Latosol Sindangbarang showed the highest aggregate stability index (ASI), followed by Podsolik Jasinga, Andosol Sukamantri, Lalosol Darmaga, and Regosol Sindangbarang Wei sieving time significantly affected AS!. The ASI decreased as wet sieving time increased The result also showed that different methods result in significantly different stability index. The method that used smaller size aggregates (< 2.83 mm) results in about 3 to 4 times higher stability index
The Effects of Organic Matter and N, P, K Fertilizer on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Corn in Inceptisol Ternate
Get PDFThe objective oj the research was to study the effects oj organic matter and N, P, K Jertilizer on nutrients uptake andyield oj corn in Inceptisol Ternate. The design oj the research was Jactorial completely randomized block design with twoJactors. The first Jactor was the rate oj organic matter (0, 20, 40 tlha) or (B(), B, and B z) and the second Jactor was the rate oj N, P, KJertilizer (0.5; I and /.5 recommended rate) or (Flo F] and F JJ. The results oj research showed that combination oj B ,F] gave the highest amount oj the corn leave at 42 days afterplanting, the weight oj corn with husk cover, the weight corn grains, and K-availability oj soil. Whereas, the rate oj 20 tlhaorganic matter (B,) significantly increased and gave the highest weight oj corn without husk cover, NPK corn plant contentand P uptake. The average NPK plant uptake oJcorn was 31.41-39.39 kg Nlha, 6.03-/2.54 kg Plha, 37.5-41.70 kg Klha. The average production oj corn was 5. /6-7.83 tlha