Indonesian Journal of Geography
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Assessment of Flood Risk Induced by Land Subsidence Using Machine Learning
Full text linkSemarang City is facing significant environmental challenges, with land subsidence being a critical issue that intensifies flood inundation and worsening flood damage. As urban areas expand and climate change impacts become more pronounced, understanding and mitigating flood risks are crucial for sustainable urban development and disaster management. Therefore, this study aimed to assess flood risk induced by land subsidence using machine learning to improve flood management. Five different machine learning models (MLMs) were used to assess flood risk, which included Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF). Additionally, fourteen different indices and 2884 sample points were used to train and test the models, with hyperparameter optimization ensuring fairness in comparisons. To address uncertainty in the sample dataset, flood hot spots were used to validate the rationality of flood risk zoning maps. The study investigated driving factors of different flood risk levels, focusing on flood areas to determine flood risk mechanisms in the highest-risk areas. The results showed that KNN performed the best and provided the most reasonable flood risk value among the models. Meanwhile, curve number (CN), distance to the river (DTRiver), and Building Density (BD) were identified as the top three significant factors of flood risk, ranked using the average score decrease in KNN model. Finally, this study expanded the application of machine learning for flood risk assessment and also deepened understanding of the potential mechanisms of flood risk, and provided perceptions about better flood risk management
A Holistic Approach to Alleviating Water Poverty in Gresik Regency
Full text linkThe lack of access to safe drinking water and the insufficient provision of individual drinking water needs are among the defining characteristics of slum areas. This study investigates the extent of this problem in Gresik Regency, East Java, Indonesia, a region characterized by the ubiquity of slum settlements across all sub-districts. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of clean water access, water quality, and community capacity in managing water resources with implications for achieving sustainable housing. This study assesses water poverty levels using the Water Poverty Index (WPI), which considers five dimensions: resource availability, accessibility, capacity, usage efficiency, and environmental sustainability. The result shows the WPI of Gresik Regency revealed a score of 73.95, indicating a low level of water poverty, suggesting that the region's water security is in a good condition. Among the five dimensions constituting the WPI, the environmental dimension falls into the category of relatively high WPI or environmental poverty, with a score of under 50. This indicates that while access to water is available and affordable, issues related to waste management and future water resilience remain low. Water scarcity in the Gresik District is an illustration of global challenges related to water poverty, such as in Myanmar, India and South Africa, which have WPI values below 55. This research emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach in managing water resources by prioritizing environmental quality as the main priorit
Creative Class Mobility and Quality of Life: Migration of Creative Class from Istanbul to Izmir
Full text linkThe place attractiveness determines the movement of creative people in a city. Young and skilled people migrate to Izmir from istanbul because Izmir offers higher standards of life with respect to social indicators and tolerance for people who are different than others. It was observed from the migrated creative people that Izmir has the social and cultural advantage over istanbul to attract these free-thinking talented people. In the case comparative study, it was evident that Izmir has the potential to be creative milieu to develop into creative smart city in the region but Istanbul has some negative externalities such as over population, inaccessibility, conservatism, expensive city. This paper examines the migration of creative professionals from Istanbul to Izmir, testing Florida’s creative class concept and the 3T model (Talent, Technology, Tolerance) via QoL parameters regarding creative migration. A mixed-method approach was used to gather and analyse both quantitative and qualitative data for locational preferences of the creative class. The study finds that young, innovative individuals are attracted to cities with high tolerance, advanced technology, and favourable work conditions. These factors not only enhance their quality of life but also drive economic growth and job creation in Izmir, highlighting that while quality of life attracts talent, career opportunities are crucial for their retention
Use of HAND Model for Estimating Flood-Prone in Serawai Basins Base on Remote Sensing and Sistem Information Geography
Full text linkA river basin's flood-prone mapping is essential for managing flood risks, developing mitigation plans, and developing flood forecasting and warning systems, among other things. This research uses the HAND model to estimate the level of flood-prone and its distribution in watersheds. The method used is survey and image interpretation. The data used is DEM imagery with a resolution of 10 meters. Data analysis uses spatial analysis, which includes elevation, hydrological analysis, fill, flow accumulation, flow direction, flow distance, and minus statistical analysis. The results showed that the Serawai watershed has five classes: very prone, prone, moderate, not prone, and very not prone. The very prone class has an area of 112,213.82 ha (65.41%), including Tontang, Sedaha, Nanga Serawai, Begori, Nanga Lekawai, Surga, Buntut Ponte, and Nanga Segulang village. The prone class has an area of 29,356.65 ha (17.14%), spread across the village of part of Beurgea, part of Nanga Segulang, Nanga Jelundung, and part of Tontang village. The moderate level has an area of 18,971.52 ha (11.08%), spread across Tontang, part of Nanga Jelundung, and part of Baras Nabun village. The area with a not-prone is 7,996.20 ha (4.67%), spread across Baras Nabun and parts of Nanga Jelundung village. For areas that are very not prone, they have an area of 3,004.20 (1.75%), spread over parts of the villages of Sedaha, parts of Baras Nabun, and Nanga Jelundung. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the HAND Model is an effective and easy-to-use model for estimating flood-prone areas
Transportation and Differentiation on Rhythmicity of Road Traffic Activities Between Urban and Rural Areas
No full textTransport and rhythm in transport activities are considered as a mirror reflecting socio-economic activities. In addition to studying secondary sources, the article mainly uses field methods and counts the number of vehicles circulating on 12 main urban routes and 12 inter-district routes along with the interviews of random 200 workers in the transport sector, traders, and sales staff in Thanh Hoa province. The data sources are synthesized, processed and compared to see the differentiation in the number of means of transport in urban areas, revealing it is 2.0 times higher than that in rural areas. The rhythm in transport activities in urban areas is also often more concentrated than in rural areas. In addition, during production and business seasons such as tourist season, agricultural harvest season, and holidays, the volume of transport, turnover and transport revenue is always 3 - 5 times higher than normal. The results of the study contribute to orienting transport operation plans to avoid the consequences of traffic congestion during peak times of the year
Customary Laws and Land: Changes in Landholding System of the Karbis in Assam, India
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to look into the evolving trends in the landholding system of the Karbi tribe in Assam, India, as well as the nature of the customary laws that govern their land. This study challenged the Western notion of land ownership, which frequently promotes individual ownership and private ownership. The present study supported the idea of tribes’ customary rights over land management and communal property. Qualitative data were collected through field observations and oral interviews. This study employed content and discourse analysis methods to interpret the materials gathered. This research can be summarized by arguing that, with changing dynamics, the relationship is becoming clearer as survival dependency transitions from shifting cultivation to settled agriculture. Hill tribes have yet to gain legal entitlement to property in many regions, despite farming it for decades under communal ownership. The rise of private land rights is creating a situation in which more educated members of the society are abusing customary laws for personal gain. The landholding systems of the tribes in India, particularly the hill tribes of Assam, have been overlooked in studies for many decades. These overlooked research findings will contribute to the current knowledge and understanding of land management systems
Use of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System for the Analysis of Urban Development: A Case Study of Banyumas Regency, Indonesia
Full text linkThe change in land-use/land-cover (LULC) is one of the physical factors in urban development and the rapid growth in population has necessitates the need for space, driven by high socio-economic activities. Banyumas is a regency that had experienced rapid population growth in the last two decades, establishing an activity and service center in the Barlingmascakeb region. This rapid population growth has led to massive changes in LULC. Therefore, this study aimed to observe the changes in LULC in 2000 and 2020 to determine the direction of urban development in Banyumas Regency within 20 years. Multispectral classification with a Maximum Likelihood algorithm was used to extract LULC information from Landsat images. The changes obtained by crosstab analysis on the multispectral classification results were used as a reference to observe the direction of urban development. This procedure used four quadrants according to the cardinal directions and Standard Deviational Ellipse (SDE). The result showed that LULC in the forest class experienced the highest change of 142,584.3 km², accounting for 48%. Based on the increase in built-up land over 20 years, the direction of urban development according to the cardinal directions showed that the most dominant increase was in quadrant II (Southeast), which is 56.44% or 21.95 km². It was concluded that the direction of urban development was oriented toward the southeast
Re-Framing the Interlinked between Demographic Transition and Land-Use Change in Developing Countries Peri-urbanization
Full text linkRecent peri-urbanization, primarily characterized by declining agricultural land and a growing population, is a primary driver of peri-urban dynamics. As urban-centric activities and demands rise, unmanaged urban sprawl causes socio-cultural disruptions, pollution, and economic instability. The intricate processes dependable for these negative impacts are primarily associated with population dynamics and land use changes. This study investigates the trends of demographic and land-use changes in the peri-urban area and evaluates the interrelationships between these two factors. We utilize the multi-decade population and land-use transformations from 1990 to 2020 in the peri-urban area of Denpasar City – one of the most metropolitan areas in Indonesia. The results reveal that the peri-urban areas encountered unprecedented population growth and urban sprawl. The results indicate that the inner peri-urban area has encountered more substantial changes in population and land use than the outer area. Nevertheless, specific demographic trends have a positive influence on peri-urban land-use transformation. This elucidates why land use is progressively diverging from household demographic dynamics, specifically in population growth, population density, and the proportion of males and individuals in non-productive age groups. The interlinked relationship between these variables suggests land use conversion in peri-urban areas. The results emphasize the need for governmental planners to carefully examine demographic and land-use trends when formulating regional cross-border plans to promote sustainable peri-urban development
The Impact of Tidal Floods on Poor Households in the Sayung Coast, Demak Regency, Indonesia
Full text linkThe Sayung coast is an area subject to the direct influence of coastal disasters, particularly tidal floods. Tis research aimed to investigate the impact of tidal floods on social and economic aspects in Sayung Subdistrict. In order to achieve the aim, data collection was conducted through a systematic process comprising structured interviews carried out using a questionnaire. The research also implemented a random sampling methodology, comprising a total of 23 informants and in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants to augment its comprehensiveness. Following this, the data processing and analysis followed a mixed-method approach where quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) and grounded theory. The obtained results showed that tidal floods had a significant direct impact is able to influence physical health, employment, and property at 62.32%, 69.59% and and 65.43% respectively. Furthermore indirect impact property is able to influence property value by 62.78%, physical health, property damages and employment can influence mental health by 71.71% and physical health, employment can affect mobility by 66.89%. The finding accounts for a new insight that tidal floods have direct and indirect impacts on the community, as examined using the mixed-method approach. The study of tidal flood impacts on poor households in Sayung Coastal, Demak, offers different findings from previous ones. Some previous studies discuss the general effects of tidal floods while disregarding the framework of the direct and indirect impacts of the floods on poor household
Evaluation of Settlement Distribution on Detailed Spatial Plan in Sewon District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta 2018 – 2038
Full text linkSettlement as a place to live is one of the main needs that need to be met for the survival of human life. The need for settlement will increase along with the increase in population. The development of settlements in Sewon District. Bantul, Indonesia which is very dynamic requires monitoring to ensure that the distribution of settlements is in accordance with the spatial pattern plan that has been determined by the local government. Imagery as a remote sensing product which is then processed with the help of GIS [HV1] can be used in monitoring the distribution of settlements because it can provide more detailed information regarding land use, including settlements. This research aims to evaluate the distribution of settlements against the detailed spatial plan (RDTR) for the Sewon Urban Area (BWP) of Bantul Regency in 2018-2038. This study uses visual interpretation techniques of SPOT-7 PMS imagery in mapping existing settlement land, field surveys, and GIS processing. The research results show that mapping settlement land using imagery produces an overall accuracy of 95.20%. The settlement evaluation shows that there is a suitability of settlement land with the detailed spatial plan reaching 579.88 hectares or 87.26%, while the settlement land that is not in accordance with the detailed spatial plan is 9.62 hectares or 1.45%, and the settlement land that is temporarily not in accordance with the detailed spatial plan is 75.05 hectares or 11.29% of the total settlement area in Sewon District. Local governments must pay more attention to existing settlements with regular monitoring so that the existing settlements that are not in accordance with the detailed spatial plan will not expand.