Indonesian Journal of Geography
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Air and noise pollution analyses near oil and gas fields in the Mahakam Delta, Kalimantan, Indonesia
Full text linkThe Mahakam Delta is a strategic industrial area in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, in which oil and gas industries reduce ambient air quality and generate excessive noise. This research aimed to analyze the ambient air and noise pollution attributed to oil and gas production activities in the delta. Relevant parameters at five sampling points (UA-02 to UA-06) were measured and further analyzed in the laboratory, including total suspended particulate (TSP), SO2, Pb CO, NO2, O3, temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, and noise. Indonesia’s air pollutant standard index (locally abbreviated as ISPU) with four parameters (CO, NO2, SO2, and O3) was used to determine the ambient air quality, and provisions written in the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 50 Kep-48/MENLH/11/1996 were consulted for the noise quality assessment. Results showed ISPU values in the range of 0–50 at the five sampling points, suggesting good ambient air quality and compliance with Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. In addition, it was revealed that the noise parameter was lower than the upper threshold set in the Ministerial Decree, namely 65 dB. Nevertheless, monitoring air and noise quality at the main pollutant sources should be regulated through policies and implemented to protect the public from exposure to potential pollutants
The Advantages of the OWA (Ordered Weighted Averaging) Method in Decision Making and Reliability Testing of Spatial Multi-Criteria Site Selection (SMCSS) Model
Full text linkMost SMCSS research applies a previously well-known aggregation method, namely WLC (Weighted Linear Combination), which only provides one decision-making strategy. A number of studies also do not include reliability tests of their models. This paper aims to give comprehensive descriptions of the different decision results of the OWA method and demonstrate the unique sensitivity analysis process in the model itself. A case study of the retention pond site selection in Medan City, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, was selected for this objective. The sequence of modeling steps is parameter determination, criteria map creation, map standardization, parameter weight determination, map combination, and model validation or model sensitivity testing. Model sensitivity is tested by measuring the changes in the model's output as a result of changes in the model's inputs. The input variation of the model was arranged by applying a set number of ordered weights, which are part of the OWA method itself. Various model outputs indicate two things at once. First, the results of the SMCSS model offer a varied decision strategy, and second, the SMCSS model is proven sensitive or reliable
Spatial Evaluation of Waste Disposal Site Selection Using GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis: A Case Study of Dera Ghazi Khan District, Pakistan
Full text linkThe rapid population growth and rising per capita incomes have caused the city to generate massive amounts of municipal waste, indicating a serious environmental threat. Solid waste disposal has become a crucial problem for several municipalities. The selection of suitable waste disposal sites is a crucial problem in the urban areas of developing countries like Pakistan due to unsatisfactory urban planning and management to decrease human being’s health risks. Particularly, Dera Ghazi (D.G.) Khan district is facing the issue of identifying suitable sites for solid waste disposal. This research aims to select appropriate potential sites suitable for solid waste disposal purposes in the D.G. Khan. Primary datasets used for this study are Landsat-8 satellite imagery, digital elevation model (DEM) with 30-meter resolution for slope extraction. Other criteria included roads, railroads, and rivers digitized using the topographical map of the study area. The maps are prepared to incorporate overlay and suitability analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing techniques, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multi-criteria analysis. The final suitability map of study area is prepared using a GIS software suite and categorized as highly, moderately, least, and unsuitable regions, of which 3% is entirely unsuitable area, 70% less suitable, 26.16% moderately suitable, and 0.84% highly suitable area. The suggested disposal sites have been carefully selected to assist policymakers in determining the most sensitive areas and resolving waste management issues with the slightest contamination of water bodies and the environment
The Relationship of Microplastic Abundance, Flow Rate Discharge and Drainage Profile in Bandar Lampung City, Lampung Province, Indonesia
Full text linkThe research on microplastics in urban drainage is becoming a concern. In the drainage of Bandar Lampung city, four different anthropogenic activities were investigated: road runoff, industrial activity, public place, and housing area. This study investigated the abundance, characteristics and distribution of microplastics (MPs) through drainage systems in dry weather. A total of sixteen drainage water samples were collected using grab sampling with a horizontal water sampler. Under microscope observation combined with a needle test, the average abundance of MPs was found 3.97±3.4 particles/L, with fibers as the dominant type of MPs. The order of MPs' abundance was industrial area > public area > transportation area > housing area. However, this number of MPs tends to be lower compared to other reported studies. The size of MPs mostly ranged from 500 - 1500 µm (36%). The color of MPs was amply diverse, with blue being in the dominant proportion (43%). Other studies also reported similar findings regarding the type and size range. Through Raman spectroscopy, the identification of polymer types indicated the presence of polyethylene terephthalate. From the correlation analysis, it was found that there was a positive correlation between the abundance of MPs and flow rate discharge, though with a low relationship (r=0.46). This result can be influenced by several factors such as the effects of multiple land use types and pollution sources. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to understanding the extent of microplastic pollution and its potential environmental impact on the Lampung water body
Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System to Identify Buffer Zones Area at Plumpang Fuel Depot
Full text linkPlumpang is a national vital object surrounded by residential areas in its vicinity. This study aims to identify buffer zones at the Pertamina Plumpang BBM Depot. The method used in this research is Spatio Temporal Analysis with secondary data from the land-use map of Jakarta, Google Earth imagery from 2002 to 2022, and Landsat 4 imagery from 1990. The results show that at distances of 50 meters, 50-100 meters, and 100-250 meters, there are 503, 870, and 2554 buildings, respectively. Furthermore, these buildings are predominantly very dense residential areas. Due to the highly concentrated population and the proximity to the depot, the area faces a high risk of fire disasters given the flammable nature of the fuel. The proximity of the settlement to the fuel depot has a direct correlation with the heightened risk of a fire disaster. The buffer zone distance used in the range of 50 - 100 meters to ensure the safety of the population from potential fire disasters. The designated buffer zone can be effectively transformed into a hydrological flow or water channel serving as a separator and barrier between the fuel depot and residential areas
Comparative Assessment on the Use of Videogrammetry and Photogrammetry for Rapid and Low-Cost Three-Dimensional Modeling
Full text linkThe current activities in photogrammetry technology such as the permission to apply non-metric cameras, development of Structure from Motion (SfM), and potential usage of videogrammetry are part of the answers to the need for low-cost camera-based mapping. Therefore, this study aimed to test and compare the accuracy of photogrammetry and videogrammetry methods for three-dimensional (3D) modeling obtained using a non-metric camera with SfM processing. Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) was used to obtain comparative data and the results showed a degradation of photo resolution in videogrammetry method, causing a reduction in the number of point clouds produced compared to photogrammetry. Moreover, the point cloud test showed that the surface variation results for both methods were identical to 3D modeling with a higher point density recorded in photogrammetry and the relative distance was different by 0.125 meters. The average difference in point cloud between photogrammetry and TLS was 0.062 meters while videogrammetry and TLS had 0.106 meters. The absolute test produced an RMSE value of 0.022 meters for photogrammetry and 0.032 meters for videogrammetry at a 95% confidence interval, indicating the two methods produced similar data quality. The results led to the conclusion that videogrammetry had satisfactory values and could be used as an alternative in 3D modeling but was not considered better than photogrammetry. Received: 2023-08-13 Revised: 2024-05-27 Accepted: 2024-09-20 Published: 2024-10-1
A Preliminary Study of Paleoflood Deposits of the Lukulo, Kebumen Regency, Central Java, based on River Geomorphology
Full text linkLukulo is a river that flows through pre-tertiary rocks to the recent. The long Lukulo fluvial processes which included erosion, transportation, and deposition were depicted in extensive alluvial deposits downstream of the river. This vast alluvial plain may be a deposit result of the Lukulo flood in the past. The paleo-flood study is a study of flood events in the past with the technique used, namely knowing slack water deposits (Steding & Baker, 1987). Delineation of slackwater deposits is necessary to determine the location of paleoflood deposition. Geomorphology of Lukulo watershed is needed as a preliminary study to determine the characteristics of the Lukulo watershed. Based on the analysis of the Lukulo watershed, DEM, with the systematic method of literature review, the result of this watershed geomorphology was obtained, namely; the morphology of the Lukulo watershed included an elongated oblong shape of the watershed, with an average Rc value of all three segments (upstream, middle, and downstream) of 0,52. The average drainage density (Dd) of river flows in the Lukulo watershed is 8,05 km/km2 (middle class). The Lukulo gradient upstream is 450, entering the middle is reduced to 300, and downstream the gradient is reduced to 100. The morphology and morphometry of the Lukulo watershed are interpreted to mean that Lukulo belongs to the medium-spanned watershed in terms of flood runoff and erosion. The lithology is a mixture of impermeable and permeable rocks. Delineation of diluvial and alluvial deposits is found in the upstream, middle, and downstream, of the Lukulo river. It depicts delineated paleoflood deposits in all segments of the river
Groundwater Potency Analysis Using Remote Sensing and Analytical Hierarchy Process To Overcome Drought In Rembang Regency, Indonesia
Full text linkWater is an indispensable need for all living beings, including humans, who require this vital resource for consumption, bathing, and agricultural irrigation. One of the sources of clean water is groundwater, which meets 80% of the drinking needs. However, only 82.1% of the population in Central Java has access to clean water, while the remaining 17.9% have limited accessibility. This condition was caused by the prevalence of droughts, particularly in Rembang Regency, indicating that several efforts are needed to overcome this problem. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the groundwater potential in Rembang Regency using remote sensing and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. The remote sensing technique was used to determine the lithology, hydrogeology, lineament density, slope, rainfall, vegetation cover, and land use of the area, while the AHP method was utilized to assess groundwater potential. The results showed that the hydrogeology parameter had the greatest influence with a weight of 21.8%, followed by lithology (15.8%), rainfall (15.1%), vegetation cover (13.5%), land use (10.9%), lineament density (14%), and slope (9.4%). These findings were then validated with existing points of interest, including dug wells, deep wells, and reservoirs. The analysis results showed that the study area can be divided into 4 zones based on the groundwater potential, namely very low (1.2 – 2.24), low (2.24 – 3.48), moderate (3.48 – 4.72), and high (4.72 – 5.96) with areas of 0.19 km2, 234.8 km2,173.4 km2, and 51.9 km2, respectively. Furthermore, based on the validation, 90 out of 108 (83%) interest points were in line with the groundwater potential map zones
Climate Changes on the Amount of Rain and Temperature from 1990-2018 in Madaba, Jordan using Geographical Information Systems
No full textClimate change is an important topic requiring thorough study due to the importance and increasing impact on the various environmental and human systems. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the changes observed in the minimum and maximum temperatures, as well as the calculation of rainfall rates during the period spanning 1990 to 2018 in the governorate of Madaba. The amount of rain as well as the average minimum and maximum temperatures were examined through annual, seasonal, and monthly analyses. The comparison results from 2018, 2010, 2000, and 1990 showed that there was an increase in the seasonal, annual, and maximum temperatures for the month of June reaching about 1.51 °C. The month of July and Shahrab reported an elevation of 1.06 °C and 1.26 °C with an annual increase in maximum temperatures of 1.44 °C. Similarly, rainfall rates decreased by 0.05 mm between 1990 and 2018, hence legislative laws were enacted against individuals contributing to climate change. This started with individuals practicing waste and garbage burning, as well as developing unified programs and plans to address the consequences
Comparing Master Recession Curves using Seven Baseflow Recession Models
Full text linkBaseflow recession analysis is an effective method for understanding catchment area releasing flow during dry season (without rainfall), thereby facilitating the management of water resources. Despite the availability of several theories on recession curves, there are limited studies on the comparison of different approaches. To overcome the limitation, several studies have reported the ability of master recession curves (MRC) modeling to combine automated methods for analyzing recession periods and curves shapes based on river flow data. Therefore, this study aimed to compare seven baseflow recession models for MRC characterization in small island watersheds. The Turkey test results showed that MRC visualization varied, particularly in terms of slope parameters and shapes. The seven recession models were grouped into two subsets based on their similarity. The first subsets consisted of Turbulent, Dupuit-Boussinesq aquifer storage, Depression-detention storage, Horton double exponential, Linear reservoir, and Exponential reservoir. Meanwhile, the second subset comprised Hyperbolic reservoir, Turbulent, Dupuit-Boussinesq aquifer storage, Depression-detention storage, Horton double exponential, and Linear reservoir. The findings also showed that the variability of MRC behavior depended on groundwater recharge, storage channel conditions, aquifer characteristics, and climate in the study area. These findings were also relevant to the development of MRC in other regions, such as hydrorecession tools, MRCPtool applications, sensitivity analysis-based Automatic parameter calibration of the VIC model for streamflow simulation over China, and spatial and temporal patterns in baseflow recession in the continental United States