Indonesian Journal of Geography
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An Assessment of Spatial Distribution and Utilisation of Some Medicinal Plants in Rural Communities of Osun State, Nigeria
Full text linkThe utilization of herbal products, particularly by rural communities, remains a vital component of an integrated healthcare system, addressing a myriad of prevailing illnesses and diseases. This study investigates the distribution and usage of medicinal plants in selected rural communities of Osun State, Nigeria. Employing a multi-stage sampling technique, three rural local government areas one from each senatorial district of Osun State were chosen for the study. Data were collected qualitatively through interviews with residents and herbal product merchants in the study areas. The analysis employed a content analysis framework and an interdisciplinary approach. The findings revealed the documentation of 43 plant species, categorized by their family, botanical, common, and indigenous names. Key details, including the plant parts utilized, preparation methods, dosage, and the ailments treated, were also recorded. Leaves were the most frequently used plant parts, followed by barks, roots, and fruits. The most commonly treated ailments included malaria, skin diseases, irregular menstrual flow, and typhoid fever. Additionally, plants such as ginger, turmeric, cinnamon, and black pepper were widely used as immune boosters during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in rural communities with limited access to vaccines. The study highlighted that limited access to conventional healthcare and the high cost of orthodox medicine have driven rural populations to rely heavily on herbal remedies, especially during the pandemic. However, factors such as deforestation, urbanization, wildfires, and inadequate documentation of medicinal plants threaten their availability and sustained usage. The study recommends the integration of herbal and orthodox medicine into a cohesive healthcare framework, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, which disproportionately affected urban populations. Emphasis on the conservation of medicinal plants and the establishment of herbal gardens, even among urban dwellers, is suggested to amplify their role in healthcare and ensure sustainable utilization.Received: 2023-12-20 Revised: 2024-07-11 Accepted: 2025-03-07 Published: 2025-04-2
Measuring the Height of Volcanic Clouds Using Weather Radar : Case Study Mount Sinabung Eruptions in Medan, Indonesia
Full text linkApart from being used to observe hydrometeorological phenomena, weather radar can also be used to observe volcanic eruptions. Weather radar reflectivity data can describe the estimated height of volcanic eruptions, while the HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model describes the trajectory or direction of distribution of eruption clouds. BMKG's single polarization C-Band weather radar at the Regional Office I in Medan was able to observe several eruptions of Mount Sinabung. Mount Sinabung is about 50 km from the Medan Weather Radar hence is still within radar coverage. Several eruptive activities of Mount Sinabung can be observed from the Medan Weather Radar, using Maximum (MAX) and VCUT (Vertical Cut) products to obtain information on the height of volcanic eruptions and eruption characteristics. While, the HYSPLIT model developed by ARL-NOAA is used to determine the direction of distribution of volcanic ash immediately after the eruption. The MAX and VCUT weather radar products and the results of NOAA HYSPLIT model for several events in this study show that the eruption height in weather radar observations is higher than the HYSPLIT model and the direction of volcanic ash distribution is different from Volcanic Observatory Notice for Aviation (VONA) observations.Received: 2024-05-24 Revised: 2025-06-26 Accepted: 2025-08-15Published: 2025-08-19
Land Degradation Assessment Model Using Field Assessment And RUSLE Methods In Wai Ruhu Watershed, Ambon Island, Mollucas Province
Full text linkLand degradation due to erosion is a serious threat to land sustainability of small tropical islands in Maluku, Indonesia. The current research was carried out in the Wai Ruhu Watershed, Ambon Island, Maluku; it was a part of studies conducted in Maluku in order to develop a suitable land degradation assessment model based on local conditions. Soil loss as the indicator of land degradation were determined using Stocking’s field assessment and RUSLE methods. The study found that land degradation rates in the study area using field indicators ranged from the lowest soil loss 4.40–19.15t/ha/yr to the highest 202.84-675.62t/ha/yr, while the RUSLE method ranged from 0.11-16.92t/ha/yr to the highest 287.63-4207.41t/ha/yr. The developed land degradation model (LD) due to erosion LD = 0.1499xR1.000 xK0.0026xLS0.0933xC0.133xP1.000xBd0.700xAv-0.652 is statistically significant because their p-values equal 0.000 with high R2 of 82,5% at a confidence level of 95%. The second model was also produced with a correction factor of 0.2158, so LD = 0,2158xRxKxLSxCxP, where LD= land degradation (tons/ha/yr), R = rain erosivity value (ton.m/ha/cm-rain), K= soil erodibility index, LS= slope length and steepness factor index, C= plant or vegetation or land use factor index, P= soil conservation practices factor index, Bd= soil bulk weight factor (g/cm3), and Av= vegetation/plant or land use stage factor (years). These results promote the importance fact that the Stocking’s land degradation field assessment indicators could be considered as a suitable land degradation assessment model for the specific local condition of small islands in Maluku.Received: 2024-08-06 Revised: 2025-12-11 Accepted: 2025-12-31 Published: 2025-12-31
Migrants’ Settlement in Malaysia: Nurturing Sustainable Urban Development through Housing Rights
Full text linkAspects of adequate housing encompass affordability, habitability, accessibility, location, cultural appropriateness, and accessibility of resources such as services, materials, utilities, and infrastructure. Migrant settlement and housing issues in Malaysia have been a persistent problem for many years. Numerous migrants are compelled to live in cramped and unsafe circumstances due to various factors, including a lack of living space, inadequate government policies, and social stigma. Surprisingly, the housing aspect of integrating regular migrants has received little focus than other integration efforts. Both locals and migrants are impacted by this apathy and vulnerability. Key guiding principles that support the right to a reasonable standard of living, which includes sufficient housing, are found in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities. Therefore, this article aims to explore the issues and challenges of migrants’ settlement in Malaysia’s urban area and propose suggestions to reduce the settlement issue among migrants. Correspondingly, this study employed a qualitative methodology that combined a thorough literature review with semi-structured interviews and subsequent thematic analysis. The findings show that uncomfortable living conditions for locals and overcrowding are major issues in migrant settlements. Five strategies are suggested to address these issues: creating housing cooperatives and modular dwellings; transforming emergency housing into long-term solutions; and reusing accessible derelict buildings.Received:2024-02-13 Revised:2024-02-23 Accepted: 2025-04-14 Published: 2025-04-2
Geochemical Weathering of Volcanic Materials at Southern Catena of Mount Merapi
Full text linkSoil fertility is enhanced by eruptions of Mount Merapi, which deposits pyroclastic debris rich in weatherable primary minerals. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the geochemical weathering index of soils in the southern catena of Mount Merapi, an area affected by the 2010 eruption. Soil samples were collected to describe 4 geomorphic units, namely the higher, middle, lower, and foot slopes. X-ray fluorescence (X-RF) was conducted to determine total element content, and five weathering indexes (Weathering Index of Parker (WIP), Vogt's Residual Index (V), Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), and Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA)) were calculated. The results show that aluminum (Al) was the most abundant oxide, followed by calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na). Weathering indexes suggested moderate weathering (WIP > 100, V > 1) with a significant presence of fresh volcanic material (CIA, CIW, PIA between 50-100, closer to 50). Variations in each horizon signified the vertical and horizontal movement of mobile elements. The C horizon (deeper layer) had a higher WIP but lower values for the other indexes. In conclusion, geomorphological units influenced the distribution of fresh volcanic material, weathering products, and translocation of elements. Weathering index values reflected the ongoing release of nutrients from minerals. This information was crucial for developing nutrient management strategies in the Merapi region.Received: 2024-04-26 Revised: 2024-06-21 Accepted: 2025-02-19 Published: 2025-02-2
Exploring the Post-COVID-19 Wellness Tourism Potential in Central Asia: A Case of Almaty Region, Kazakhstan
Full text linkThis study examines the Almaty Region in southeast Kazakhstan as a potential wellness tourism destination and a regional hub for Central Asia. It primarily focuses on the perspectives of private-sector stakeholders, including entrepreneurs, owners, and administrators of wellness centers, while also exploring the demand for wellness tourism products (WTP) in the post-COVID-19 context. Additionally, the study highlights the region's natural wellness resources and their contribution to improving local quality of life, in line with Kazakhstan's Strategy 2030. Data were collected through fieldwork, employing semi-structured face-to-face interviews and participant observation as the main methods. Over two months (March–April 2024), twelve in-depth interviews were conducted in Kazakh and Russian at wellness tourism centers catering to both domestic and international tourists. Observations were made at more than 30 centers near the hot springs of Sharyn village in the Almaty Region. The findings indicate a growing interest in wellness services, positioning the Almaty Region as an emerging hub for wellness tourism in Central Asia. These results offer valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and tourism professionals aiming to develop wellness tourism in the area.Received: 2024-09-28 Revised: 2025-03-19 Accepted: 2025-08-15 Published: 2025-08-2
Integrating Support Vector Regression and Kriging in Spatial Interpolation of Statistical Seismicity Parameters
Full text linkSpatial interpolation methods, such as Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and kriging, are commonly used in various fields. In Kriging method, semivariogram fitting is an important step, where empirical data are used to derive a theoretical model. However, when the known theoretical semivariogram model does not provide a satisfactory fit, the bias in the estimated values is increased. To address this limitation, Support Vector Regression (SVR) can be used to model the empirical semivariogram with a machine-learning method. This method has been applied in ordinary kriging interpolation for semivariogram fitting to estimate parameters related to the potential occurrence of earthquake. Specifically, the calculated parameters, based on the Gutenberg-Richter law, include the seismic activity (a-value) and rock fragility (b-value) in the Sumatera region. The results showed that SVR can model the empirical semivariogram better than the theoretical. The integration of SVR-Ordinary Kriging provides the best performance compared to other methods, such as IDW, with the smallest RMSEP values for both the b-value and a-value measuring 0.1378 and 0.7423, respectively. Aceh and Mentawai Islands tend to show low a and b values, suggesting that these areas are more vulnerable to earthquake with large magnitudes
Now Trending: Social Media and Crowdfunding For Disaster-Stricken Indian Sundarbans
Full text linkA paradigm shift in disaster risk reduction and management is evident, with social media and crowdfunding playing an important role, even in disaster-prone developing countries like India, with a pronounced digital divide. With the advent of social media platforms coupled with the frequent landfalls of cyclones in the Indian Sundarbans, a climate hotspot has become a classic example of this trio - social media, crowdfunding, and disaster tourism. The main objectives are to bring out the essence of changing the relief donation scenario from traditional donation to modern digital crowdfunding, to assess how far technology and social media, more specifically, have been able to help the eager contributors to take part in the cause of disaster management through hypothesis testing, regression analysis, SWOT analysis, focus group discussions, and perception studies. The empirical research (carried out between 2022-23) based on a semi-structured questionnaire survey involved the stakeholders –donors and beneficiaries. The study notes the nature of social media platform usage, identifies the main driving forces behind opting for specific donation drives, and delves into the underlying reasons for undertaking disaster tourism trips. The study shows that increased use of social media has led to greater acceptance of online crowdfunding initiatives, especially among the younger and educated.
Low-Cost Sensor Based on Internet of Things for PM₂¸₅ Air Quality Monitoring
Full text linkThe issue of air pollution, particularly that of particulate matter (PM2.5), has recently garnered significant global attention. However, the implementation of effective air quality management is frequently impeded by a dearth of adequate monitoring and measurement equipment. In Yogyakarta City and its surrounding areas, monitoring ambient air concentration, particularly PM2.5, remains difficult due to the limitations of monitoring tools such as Air Quality Monitoring System (AQMS). These tools are costly to operate, which further worsens the challenges. Therefore, this research aimed to design Internet of Things (IoT)-based Low-Cost Sensor (LCS) as an economical and reliable alternative to PM2.5 monitoring tools. Research and Development method was used with Plomp development model, which included investigation, design, calibration, as well as implementation. The results showed that IoT-based LCS followed the SNI 9178: 2023 standard with precision (SD 0.659 µg/m³; CV 23.59%), bias (slope 0.94; intercept 0.65 µg/m³), linearity (R² = 0.9), and RMSE 1.43 µg/m³. Moreover, the regression relationship between IoT-based LCS and AQMS was shown by the equation Y = 0.8633X + 2.7604, signifying a strong correlation between the two tools. During the analysis, IoT-based LCS appeared to be a promising solution for air quality monitoring, offering both effectiveness and affordability, with real-time data relevant to environmental management.. The IoT-based LCS has been designed simply, meets the calibration standards of SNI 9178:2023, and can be applied in suburban areas
Bibliometric Analysis of Developing Sustainable Cities by Enforcement of Environmental Policies
Full text linkThis bibliometric analysis explores the scholarly background surrounding the development of sustainable cities through the enforcement of environmental policies. The study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing body of literature on this subject, identifying key trends, relevant authors, and thematic clusters that have contributed to the scholarly dialogue on this topic. Through a bibliometric analysis of relevant academic publications, this research seeks to discover patterns and insights that have contributed to a deeper understanding of the evolution of research in this critical realm. The research question underlying this bibliometric literature review is how can cities develop sustainably through the enforcement of environmental policies? The formulation of the research question necessitates the objectives of the study. The objectives of this research are to: assess the volume and growth of literature addressing sustainable urban development through environmental policy enforcement, identify research works and influential authors shaping the scholarly conversation on this topic, uncover thematic clusters and the interdisciplinary nature of research in developing sustainable cities through environmental policies and identify research gaps to guide future direction of research. The study employs bibliometric techniques, including citation analysis, co-authorship analysis, and term co-occurrence analysis. Preliminary findings indicate a growing interest in the intersection of sustainable urban development and environmental policy enforcement. The analysis identifies key publications that have significantly influenced the field, along with prominent authors and collaborative networks. This bibliometric analysis provides a systematic overview of the scholarly contributions to the development of sustainable cities through environmental policy enforcement.Received:2024-02-20 Revised:2024-02-29 Accepted: 2025-03-07 Published: 2025-04-2