Indonesian Journal of Geography
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Greenhouse Gas Pollution Based on Energy use and its Mitigation Potential in the City of Surakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFConsidered as a trigger of climate change, greenhouse gas (GHG) is a global environmental issue. The City of Surakarta in Indonesia consists mainly of urban areas with high intensities of anthropogenic fossil energy consumption and, potentially, GHG emission. It is topographically a basin area and most likely prompts a Thermal Inversion, creating a risk of accumulation and entrapment of air pollutants or GHGs at low altitudes. Vegetation has been reported to mitigate the rate of increase in emissions because it acts as a natural carbon sink. This study aimed to mitigate the GHG emissions from energy consumption in Surakarta and formulate recommendations for control. It commenced with calculating the emission factors based on the IPCC formula and determining the key categories using the Level Assessment approach. It also involved computing the vegetation density according to the NDVI values of the interpretation of Sentinel 2A imagery. The estimation results showed that in 2018, the emission loads from the energy consumption in Surakarta reached 1,217,385.05 (tons of CO2e). The key categories of these emissions were electricity consumption, transportation on highways, and the domestic sector, with transportation on highways being the top priority. These loads have exceeded the local carrying capacity because they create an imbalance between emission and natural GHG sequestration by vegetations
Wisdom of Indigenous and Tacit Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction
No full textThis article aims to identify the types of knowledge needed in reducing the risk of disasters and challenges in applying knowledge. Based on the literature review, this article analyzes various kinds of knowledge, the process of knowledge creation, and the challenges of knowledge transmission. Basically, knowledge consists of explicit and tacit knowledge. In the context of disasters, most of the knowledge is tacit in individual local people (indigenous knowledge). Tacit knowledge can motivate someone to make decisions (act) when a disaster occurs. To be understood and disseminated to the wider community, tacit knowledge needs to be converted into explicit knowledge and scientifically validated. This article proposes the importance of integrating tacit knowledge in the form of local knowledge to become explicit knowledge so it can be widely used. Knowledge built in a bottom-up manner, which comes from local knowledge, is believed to be effective in disaster risk reduction. However, in some countries, the process of applying the knowledge is constrained by a fatalism that is influenced by social culture and religious beliefs
Rural Farm and Non-farm Linkages in a Predominantly Manufacturing Region: The Case of Semarang Regency, Indonesia
Get PDFThis paper aimed to explore the correlation between the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors in the rural area affected by the manufacturing industry agglomeration of Semarang. Data on agricultural commodities, non-agricultural labor, and economic service facilities were reduced using factor analysis to form the typology of agricultural commodity areas and typology of rural diversification respectively. The two groups of score factors were correlated to predict the magnitude, direction, and significance of the inter-sectoral linkages. Data interpretation was made with the help of agricultural commodity flow data from the selected market. The study confirms the weak linkages between large-scale manufacturing industries and the agricultural economy in the hinterland. The study reflects weak linkages between the agricultural sector and rural diversification, as indicated by the weak correlation between factor scores. A rather strong linkage is shown by dryland agricultural areas associated with inland fisheries and rural diversification associated with tourism.
Sustainable Livelihood Strategies: How Urban Community Resilient Towards Disaster?
Get PDFIt has been more than a decade after 5.9 SR earthquakes hit one of the most destructed area Tembi Hamlet, Bantul District, Yogyakarta Province. Amidst the wreaking havoc, the area gained its resilient in no time. This research, aimed to 1) explore what are the factors influential towards local resilient, especially micro-small-medium enterprises; and 2) analyze strategies to tackle disaster. It employed mix method, while the key questions were developed using “Sustainable Livelihood Approach” by DFID, geared with “Pentagram Asset” mapping for each spatial and temporal unit. The result revealed that 1) the micro-small-medium enterprises in urban area are resilient towards earthquake due to fair physical, natural and financial assets management and abundant social, human and political assets. These assets have created enabling environment towards behavioral change of urban society; 2) Despite various livelihood strategies existed in urban areas, the research highlighted three types of livelihood strategies within disaster risk management perspective, i.e. survival (disaster), consolidation by no-change plan mechanism and accumulation strategies by change plan mechanism (post disaster). Critically, pentagram assessment is able to identify feasible local assets and activities, however it left the policy, institution, interaction and multi sector aspects from the spotlight. Herewith, the research proposes evaluation scan to rethinking sustainable livelihood approach within disaster risk management by adding these aspects into the observation. It also revealed that local autonomous initiatives to extend urban based economic activities and supported by abundant political interest play pivotal role in disaster management at developing countries
Study on the possibility of predicting the onset and rainfall of wet season in Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia
No full textIndonesian region frequently experiences a prolonged drought and/or flood hazard One of the key factors that often triggers these Awards is the occurrence of seasonal rainfall anomaly. To minimize the possible impact of such extreme event, it is necessary to develop a model that can be applied to predict the wet season onset and wet season rainfall. This paper is a preliminary effort on this mailer. As a pilot study, Yogyakarta Special Province (DIY) has been selected for this purpose. In particular; the analysis is emphasized on the Adisucipto airport station, Yogyakarta, as it is one of the first-class climatological station in DIY which has a very good and long data required for such intention. Detail objectives of this study are to address the following three questions: (1) is it possible to predict wet season onset in Adisucipto airport station using local and regional atmospheric indicators? (2) if it is possible and the model(s) have been developed, can the model(s) be applied for predicting the onset of wet season in other parts of DIY and its surround? (3) does an early or late onset of wet season provide any indication to subsequent rainfall during the wet season? To achieve these objectives, the study requires several types of data including daily rainfall data, monthly air pressure data, Southern Oscillation Index (SO!) and Sea Surface Temperature data. Most of the data cover the period of 1976 to 2001. Methods that have been applied to meet the goals are statistical descriptive and simple liner regression analysis. The results suggest that: (I) wet season onset time in Yogyakarta can be predicted using both local and regional atmospheric factors. namely August and September SOI, and air pressure index at Adisucipto airport station in June. July and August; (2) models that have been developed for Adisucipto airport station are modest enough to be applied for predicting the onset of wet season at other location; (3) the onset of wet season cannot be used as an indicator to estimate rainfall in wet season itself
Spatial Dynamics Model of Land Availability and Population Growth Prediction in Bengkulu City
No full textBengkulu City is the center for almost all activities and has a high population growth rate. Because of the high population growth rate, human needs for space and land will increase. Land availability will continue to decline, while it cannot increase the existing area. This will impact the carrying capacity of the environment, so it needs predictions for land availability. This study used a spatial dynamics model which is an analysis of the dynamic system model and the suitability of the built-up area. The carrying capacity to reach excellent quality when the length of the built-up area is 30-70% of the total area that can be used. The results showed that the built-up area will reach 70% in 2030, which means it will exceed the environmental carrying capacity threshold. The results showed there were differences between the distribution patterns of built-up area in the spatial dynamics model and Spatial Planning Bengkulu City in 2032 at Kampung Melayu Subdistrict, Selebar Subdistrict, Singaran Pati Subdistrict, and Sungai Serut Subdistrict
Association Study Between Thermal Front Phenomena and Bali Sardinella Fishing Areas in Bali Strait
No full textThermal front has been widely used as a parameter for determining fishing zones. Tis study aimed to determine the thermal front distribution and to analyze its association with the Bali Sardinella fishing zones in the Bali Strait. Termal front generated using sea surface temperature (SST) from Aqua MODIS imagery. Meanwhile, the fishing point data of Bali Sardinella were collected to validate our analysis results. Te data were analyzed into Spatio-temporal information. Te main facts that stand out are that the thermal front was predominantly found in the peak of first (April) and second (September) transitional season, which was the peak season for the thermal front to occur in a year. Te least of the thermal front occurred in the South-west monsoon. Te linear relationship was found when the peak of thermal front occurrence compared to the number of catch yields. Based on matching distance analysis, the maximum distance used (twenty kilometres buffer) show 36 matching points from 101 data compared or at range 35.6%. In conclusion, there is a linear relationship between the thermal front parameter and catch yield. It is still used to predict the fishing zone, even though the correlation is not significantly found
Optimization Management for Chili (Capsicum annum L.) Production in Agroforestry System with Coconut (Cocos Nucifera L.) on Local Protected Coastline Areas
No full textBugel coastline areas have the potential for horticulture commodities development. This study's objectives were mapping protected Bugel coastline areas, land evaluation, and yield response of chili in an agroforestry system with coconut trees on Bugel coastline areas. The research was conducted during April-July, 2015, in Bugel coastline areas, Panjatan District, Kulonprogo Regency, Special Province of Yogyakarta. The first stage was the literature study and field mapping by BING satellite imagery. The second method was an actual and potential land evaluation using the FAO version, Sys criteria, and Sys limitation. The third method was using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three blocks as replications. The results showed that a local protected coastline area allowed for the agriculture and forestry crops is >200 meters from the furthest tide point. The actual and potential land evaluation in all agroforestry phases were not suitable and marginally suitable. The initial phase showed the highest fresh fruit weight by 100.30 grams/plant, compared with the intermediate and advanced phases by 88.13 grams/plant 71.54 grams/plant
Community Group Networking on the Community-based Adaptation Measure in Tapak Village, Semarang Coastal Area
No full textThe north coast of Central Java is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change in Indonesia. Various activity in coastal area also leads to the growing of informal sector that closely related to the growing number of poor people in coastal area. Therefore, the loss of livelihood triggers the awareness of stakeholder to help people through Community-based Adaptation (CBA) in Semarang coastal area. This paper aims to elaborate on the importance of networking aspect in CBA that works in Semarang Coastal Area. Scope area of this research is Tapak Village which regarded as a pilot area of CBA implementation in Semarang. Stakeholders mapping and social network analysis was used to visualizing the community interaction in their adaptation measures. The purposive sample in interviewing CBA stakeholders is used to support the stakeholder analysis using Gephi 0.9 software. The finding shows that the existence of networks between the community and the relevant stakeholders such as NGO and local government also became one of the supporting factors for the sustainability of community-based adaptation approach in coastal areas of Semarang City.
A Lesson Learn from Empowerment Program of Integrated Cassava-Tapioca Agroindustry Actors in Pati District, Indonesia
No full textFrequently, empowering models for cassava farmers is programmed by government, but unsuitable to socio-geographic conditions, such as in Pati District. This study was aimed to depict social knowledge and lesson learn of cassava-tapioca agroindustry actors, and to understand the farmers’ acceptance, before and after the empowering program. The cassava farmer’s and tapioca producer’s knowledge and lesson learn were collected from 35 farmers and 19 tapioca producers. After empowering program, farmers asked to cultivate Cassesart cassava variety (UJ-5). However, the UJ-5 productivity that was planted in 65.40 Ha were declined. While, tapioca industries were also not directly increased farmers’ welfare. Farmers’ perspective in farming process was not changed after empowerment programs. Thirty-four farmers were not ready to build up new information. While, 16 from 19 tapioca producers (84.21%) object to improve labor quality and welfare. The founded result was associated with conventional farming practices, low price product and education background in Pati District, and was increasingly weakened by limited knowledge transfer of modern farming.