Indonesian Journal of Geography
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The Spatial Transformation and Sustainability of Development in the New City Areas of Metro Tanjung Bunga, Makassar City
No full textThe spatial transformation of the new city area of Metro Tanjung Bunga Makassar City has an impact on the conversion of productive agricultural land to urban industry. Changes in land use coupled with an increase in socio-economic activities lead to changes in spatial structure, spatial patterns, and a decrease in environmental quality in the direction of changes in the community's socio-economic system. This study aims to analyze: (1) Spatial transformation works as a determinant of the sustainability of the development of new urban areas, (2) The effect of changes in land use, activity systems, population mobility, and transportation systems on environmental degradation. This study uses a combination of qualitative-quantitative approaches sequentially. Data was obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, surveys, and documentation. The number of respondents in this study was determined as many as 250 which was carried out purposively. The results showed that the development of the new city area of Metro Tanjung Bunga which was predominantly developed for commercial activities, services, tourism, and large-scale settlements supported by transportation infrastructure development had an impact on urban sprawl, morphological changes, spatial segregation, and hierarchical differences in meeting the needs of the population. The results of the study indicate that changes in the use of space in the new urban area have led to changes in the single social formation of the local community towards multiple social formations. Furthermore, changes in land use, activity systems, and transportation systems have a positive correlation to environmental quality degradation with a determination coefficient of 60.8%. This study recommends the development of the new city area of Metro Tanjung Bunga towards the creation of social, economic, and environmental sustainability through the support of policies of the Makassar City Government in the future
Determination of a Local Hybrid Geoid as a Height Reference System for 3D Cadastre
Get PDFUse and development of vertical building(s) on land parcel(s) have been a common progress to many urban landscapes around the world. 3D cadastre has been a research area that involves legal, technical and institutional assessments to the use and development of vertical buildings. Initial Land Registration of 3D cadastre objects require a representative geometry to determine the legal boundaries of 3D objects. For that purpose, a height reference that is used to define 3D geometries of registered 3D cadastre objects is important. This study focuses in determining a height reference system by developing a local hybrid geoid for the representation of 3D cadastre. The local hybrid geoid was developed by fitting the gravimetric to the geometric geoid. Four strategies were utilized, based on the combination of GGM’s SGG-UGM-1 and GO_CONS_GCF_2_SPW_R5, Remove-Compute-Restore method and control point distribution for geoid fitting. Based on comparison with geometric geoid at six independent control points, the local hybrid geoid from strategy 3 produces mean difference of 0.354 m, accuracy of 0.137 m and increased level of closeness of 86%, which is further applied as an alternative reference surface in 3D cadastre
Social Capital and Social Capacity in Rural Ecotourism Development
Get PDFThe participation of rural people in ecotourism activity remains the question, whether they genuinely carry the vision of conservation or are forced to engage in meeting economic needs only. This question is fundamental for building better participation and management of ecotourism in rural areas. The research aims to discuss social capital and social capacities to empower ecotourism in rural areas. The study was carried out in the villages of Ngadas and Gombengsari using a survey approach, and employing descriptive and path analysis methods. The results show that social capital for managing ecotourism services demonstrated the functioning of institutions, networking capabilities, monitoring, evaluation, and innovation. Social capacity is related to the regulation of institutional, social, economic, and environmental resources. Social capacity was found more substantial in Gombengsari than Ngadas village. The research is expected to strengthen the study of social capital as a stock/sink and its relationship with sustainability
Water Balance Supporting the Irrigation Water Demand in Java Island, Indonesia
Get PDFJava is the most populous island with the largest percentage of rice fields in Indonesia. However, rice fields in Java Island often experience water shortages, so an analysis of the potential water availability for irrigation in Java is required. This research aims to analyze water's potential to meet irrigation water needs in each catchment area in Java. In this research, the potential for irrigation water in Java is calculated based on the balance of water balance between water availability and DMI and Irrigation water needs. This research is divided into two parts: (1) analysis of water availability using the WFLOW hydrological simulation; and (2) water demand analysis based on population statistical data. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the water balance between water resources and irrigation water needs in Java is still in the surplus category, even though there are deficits in several catchment areas (WS): in the Kepulauan Seribu, Wiso Gelis, and Welang Rejoso WS. WS with the most water availability is generally located in wide (WS) areas, while several WS with abundant water needs is generally located in WS with the densest population. According to The Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the agricultural area in Java has decreased by an average of 20 thousand hectares per year, so that the demand for irrigation water on the island of Java will also decrease. Consequently, the excess water potential in Java Island needs to be allocated to meet the needs of DMI, which are increasing every year. In addition, the results also show that the development of irrigation areas in the future should be focused on large (WS) areas that have the potential for significant amounts of irrigation water.
Climatic Anomalies and Glacial Dynamics in the Himalayan Region Northern Pakistan: A Spatio-Statistical Approach
No full textGlaciers are always climate-sensitive and affected by minor changes in temperature and other climatic elements. Past studies on the northern mountain ranges of Pakistan reveal changes in climatic patterns in and around these ranges. In this study, an attempt is made to explore and assess the temporal and spatial fluctuations occurring in the ice cover of the Himalayan Region of Pakistan as a result of changes in climatic pattern. Satellite imageries and meteorological data were used to explore the dynamics of both the ice cover and climatic elements. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System were used to detect changes in snow cover both spatially and temporally. Various statistical techniques, mainly Mann Kendall Trend Test and Sen’s Slope Estimator, were used to analyze the temporal trend of climatic elements. Moreover, correlation and regression analysis were applied to establish the relationship between climate and ice cover. Analysis of the data reveals that the temporal trend in ice cover is not monotonic as there is glacial advancement in certain years while retreating in others. Moreover, it was found out that climatic elements such as temperature and precipitation have recorded changes during the past few decades
Indigenous Indonesian Dayak Traditional Wisdom in Reducing Deforestation
No full textThe function of forests for Dayak people is not only to fulfill the needs of life but also related to the ancient belief to preserve natural resources. The study aims to analyze the traditional model of protecting the conservation area by applying surveys and in-depth interviews. In this particular case study, a set of values – batang garing (tree of life), belom bahadat (living compliant with customary law), pali (taboo) ,manyanggar (asking the consent of the ancestor),memapas lewu (brushing the village) – central to the Dayak Ngaju people, the indigenous population in Central Kalimantan, become contested in the course of the economic and development project. Adherence to these central values creates movement to prevent damage to indigenous people's natural resources under the tag “Manyalamat Petak Danum” (Saving our homeland)
Object-Based Mangrove Mapping Comparison on Visible and NIR UAV Sensor
No full textMangrove ecosystems are natural resources that have potential value for development due to their high productivity. Mapping and identification of mangroves have always played a crucial role in mangrove ecosystem conservation efforts, especially to support the sustainable development goal of coastal resources and climate change issues. Several attempts have been made using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) techniques acquisition of high spatial resolution aerial images data with various sensors and object-based classification for image processing with various levels of success. This study aims to identify mangrove objects using UAV with true color and NIR false-color sensors using the OBIA approach. The UAV used in this study was DJI Phantom 3 Pro with a true-color sensor (default) and NIR false-color (modified Canon IXUS 160 cameras). The comparison between the two types of sensor of aerial photographs as a source for mangrove mapping proved that the latter performed better than the former because of the near-infrared band can optimally discriminate between mangrove and non-mangrove objects. This will assist future research directions in the mangrove ecosystems mapping method
Modeling Annual Parasite Incidence of Malaria in Indonesia of 2017 using Spatial Regime
No full textMalaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted through infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The morbidity of malaria is determined by Annual Parasite Incidence (API) per year. A region with high malaria cases can spread malaria to other regions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the spatial regimes and factors that significantly influence the spread of malaria in Indonesia of 2017. Spatial regime is a method obtained by clustering the coefficient values from the well-known method in modeling spatial varying relationship namely geographically weighted regression (GWR). The data used in this study are malaria Passive Case Detection (PCD) from Puskesmas throughout Indonesia in 2017. The results show three groups which can be classified as regencies/cities with low, medium moderate and high API, while slide positivity rate and annual blood examination are predictors who influent API numbers in Indonesia significantly.
Geospatial Analysis of Hydrometeorological Dynamics for Managing Socio-economic and COVID-19 Threats in the Ossiomo Watershed, Nigeria
Get PDFThe geographical occurrence and spread of the current novel COVID-19 pandemic are partly a function of the awareness, socio-economics, mobility, and health management practices in place. Ossiomo watershed in Edo State, Nigeria, is mainly a rural region with limited healthcare access and abundant water from River Ossiomo. One of the recommendations for preventing COVID-19 is washing hands with soap using running water. Thus, the novel COVID-19, a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral disease, requires effective management of available water resources for sustainable health development. The first confirmed case relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria was announced on February 27, 2020, when an Italian citizen in Lagos tested positive for the virus. In most rural Africa, including Ossiomo, no pipe-borne water except rain harvesting for survival. Using GIS Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation technique, the rainfall map produced (derived from a 31-year collated geo-located hydro-meteorological data - rainfall and discharge, covering the Ossiomo watershed) shows that rainfall decreases northward with minimum monthly precipitation of 18.8mm in January and to the south with a mean maximum rainfall of 339.0mm in July. NCDC records on Covid-19 were used to create Choropleth maps that revealed very low confirmed cases and relatively high deaths, though considered relatively low compared with global statistics. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) further indicates a strong correlation between rainfall and catchment discharge with r=0.717. With adequate socio-economic activities and water provisions, coupled with effective COVID-19 management practices, the pandemic may not linger in the study area
A Preliminary Study of the Physico-Chemical Parameters and Potential Pollutant Sources in Urban Lake Rawa Besar, Depok, Indonesia
No full textLake Rawa Besar is an urban lake surrounded by dense settlements and commercial areas that are currently experiencing physical and ecological pressures due to uncontrolled land-use change around the lake. Therefore, this preliminary study aimed to investigate the sustainable management of the lake in order to create a recreational destination area. It was carried out by ascertaining the lake water quality status through the analysis of the physical and chemical parameters and identifying the potential pollutant sources due to land use and human activities. The physical parameters include TDS, TSS, Turbidity, while the chemical parameters include Nitrate-N, Total Phosphate-P, and BOD. Furthermore, field surveys on 30 water samples were conducted once at noon and statistical analysis was used to ascertain the correlation between the physical and chemical parameters. Finally, Geographic Information System (GIS) tools were used to investigate the spatial distribution of the Physico-chemical parameters and the potential pollutant sources. The results showed that based on the six parameters of the water quality status, the lake was lightly polluted. It also showed that three parameters such as Turbidity, BOD, and TSS exceed the permissible limit with 93.3, 66.7, 43.7% of the total samples, respectively. Additionally, a strong correlation existed between BOD and Turbidity with r=0.95, while a medium correlation existed between Nitrate-N and Phosphate-P with r=0.40. The spatial distribution of the concentration of the physico-chemical parameters generally had a varied pattern, however, Turbidity and BOD had a similar pattern, especially in the bank areas. Finally, domestic and organic wastes were indicated as pollutant sources, which increased eutrophication in the lake