Indonesian Journal of Geography
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30-Year Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Air Surface Temperature as Climate Change Mitigation
Get PDFNatural and anthropogenic factors, such as volcanic eruptions and land use, are indirect causes of changes in the micro-scale climate. Over the past 30 years, climate change has been detected with increased air surface temperature (AST) above 30.00C, a phenomenon of Urban Heat Island. Therefore, this study aimed to create a spatial model to see changes in AST in Bandar Lampung City from1990 to 2020. The spatial and temporal analysis uses Landsat data to produce land surface temperature (LST) and AST models. The results showed a temperature rise in the LST area, which tends to be the northern part of Bandar Lampung City, by 25.0oC and above for 30 years. Compare LST and AST from two stations between 30 years is 5.00C. In 1990, the LST concentrated on the spatial distribution of the AST model with a temperature above 30.00C, while in 2020, it diffused to the northern part of Bandar Lampung City. The results concluded that the air temperature in the city has warmed up to 0.46OC (+10C), which is in line with the findings of IPPC and various world cities. It is also in occurrence with the UHI phenomenon since 2014 that climate change is part of mitigation
First-order analyses on the role of surface wind in the long-term contraction of the Indo-Pacific warm pool
Get PDFDue to its high evaporation rate, the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) is one of the most important drivers of Indonesian weather and climate. Previous studies, based on the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) proxy records, suggest that IPWP in the mid-Holocene era (~6000 years ago) underwent a contraction (colder on its east-west perimeter and warmer on its center) compared to today’s condition. In this research, the role of surface wind in contracting the IPWP was analyzed by checking the coherency between changes in SST, wind-stress magnitude, and evaporation. The Climate Community System Model version 4 (CCSM4) simulated these three physical quantities under the pre-Industrial and mid-Holocene scenarios. In these simulations, an anti-phase relation between SST and wind-stress magnitude indicates an important role for a weaker surface wind in warming the SST in the center of the IPWP (South China Sea and Banda Sea), mainly during boreal autumn. However, a weaker surface wind did not seem to have simultaneously suppressed ocean evaporation to warm the SST, as shown by the phase-lag relation in their monthly climatology. On the other hand, colder SSTs on the east-west perimeter of the IPWP (western coast of Sumatra and northern coast of Papua) are unlikely to be associated with changes in the surface wind following a weak correlation between their SST and wind-stress magnitude
Livelihood of Independent Waste Pickers (Tokai) at Dhaka City in Bangladesh: Does it Incidental Choice of them?
Get PDFThe study reveals the status of waste pickers, their livelihood asset profile and the vulnerability due to climatic and anthropogenic factors. It considered the independent waste pickers of Dhaka City, known as Tokai, who collect waste, especially recyclable and reusable materials. Using semi-structured interviews and personal histories, two groups of participants were explored qualitatively: independent waste pickers and other stakeholders. Waste-picking is sometimes the first source of income for persons displaced to Dhaka as a result of human and non-human changes. While most were homeless sheltering anywhere they could, they made a valuable contribution to the recycling industry and to improving environment and ensuring others' well-being, filling a gap left by councils failing to collect the waste produced daily by residents and industry. However, their efforts are largely unrecognized, and their labour stigmatized. Consequently, they have far less access to health, education, credit and utilities. Moreover, poverty and lack of family guidance may make them vulnerable to pursuing involvement in ill-advised political activism. The study concludes that the government and others need to shape a policy that takes into account the livelihood and survival needs of waste pickers and strive to ensure the provision of decent work within this sector and recognition of their societal contribution.
Physical Geographical Factors Leading to the Disparity of Regional Development: The Case Study of Java Island
Get PDFThe complexity of regional disparity has encouraged viewing this issue from various perspectives, one of which is the role of physical geography in disparity. On Java Island, an observation on the role of geographical aspect is needed due to the spatial sturdiness of disparity. This study aims to provide quantitative proof that differences in the physical geography of Java’s regions account for the persistent regional disparity. We applied two approaches namely correlation and typology, employing data of physical geographical attributes and development level. The methods used were correlation analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and one-way ANOVA. Based on the correlation approach, we found the association of regional development level with terrain ruggedness, soil parent materials, sea depth, elevation, and precipitation. Then, based on endowment-based typology approach, Java’s regions could be grouped into lowland, volcanic, old volcanic, and calcareous dry regions. The two latter performed poorly in all socio-economic indicators examined
Spatial and Ecological Approach on Marble Mining Land in Tulungagung Regency-Indonesia: Is it Suitable as an Assessment of Disaster Mitigation Efforts?
Get PDFIndonesia has a karst region abundant in high-quality marble mining products but is also prone to disasters. Over the years, this area has experienced numerous natural disasters, thereby leading to the need for a land suitability assessment. This is a descriptive qualitative and quantitative research with data collected from field observations, laboratory tests, interviews, and documents. Four places in the center and adjacent areas of marble producers were selected for the research sample. The data collected were analyzed using the spatial and ecological approach, fishbone, tabulation, percentage, and SWOT analysis. The result showed that numerous land mismatches contribute to the occurrence of natural catastrophes, such as improper vegetation kinds, population settlement patterns, excessive exploitation, and unfriendly human activities. This study recommends a variety of measures to improve the mining area
Investigation of a Relation between Radiogenic Heat Production Rate (RHPR) and Land Surface Heat Temperature (LST) from Thermal Bands of ASTER and Landsat-8 (TIR-Data): Case Study of West Ras Gharib area North Eastern Desert, Egypt
Get PDFIn this paper, an attempt was tried to study the relation between the land surface heat temperature (LST), extracted, from the thermal emission infrared data (ASTER-TIR) and (Landsat-8-TIR) imagery and radiogenic heat production rate (RHPR) that calculated from airborne gamma-ray spectrometric data applied on west Ras Gharib area at Northeastern Desert of Egypt. The area is geologically covered mainly by Precambrian basement rocks, which are unconformably overlain by Phanerozoic sedimentary succession. The method used for extraction land surface heat temperature for both ASTER-TIR and Landsat-8-TIR images is the reference channel emissivity technique and founded as the best method comparing to others. The study results showed a relative higher RHPR threshold value reached 4.8 μW/m3. On the other hand, ASTER-TIR Land Surface Temperature (AST-LST) ranges between 27.64oC to 47.2oC and, the Landsat 8-TIR Land Surface Temperature (LS8-LST) ranges between 30.64oC to 50.68oC. Comparing all results, there were a weak relationship or to some extent parallel relation between RHPR and satellite LST; as when the value of the Y-axis is constant, there are multiple values on X-axis, so it is not possible to deduce the value of one variable in terms of the other. The poor relation is regarded to the very weak RHPR which is not enough to affect the surface heat temperature, emission that could be detected by both thermal sensors of ASTER and Landsat-8 satellite TIR data. Other factors such as: topography, wind, shading and scattering, rock moisture and density, can strongly affect the surface temperature. In conclusion, the output results could be improved in areas of very high radioelement concentrations especially 235U, and through the use of the enhanced spatial resolution of future satellite TIR imaging instruments.
Application of HEC-HMS model and satellite precipitation products to restore runoff in Laigiang river basin in Vietnam
Get PDFThe Laigiang river basin in the South Central Coast of Vietnam plays an important role in the socio-economic development of Binhdinh Province. In recent decades, the region has experienced commonly flooding in vast areas. This research aims to simulate event-based rainfall-runoff modelling, a historical flood event in December 2016, by applying the HEC-HMS model and rainfall data from CHIRPS. The CHIRPS data is an acceptable potential data input of the hydrology model. These have been confirmed through reliable validation indexes: The peak flood flow rate of 2,542.6 m3/s corresponds to the flood frequency of 5%; NSE with the value at 0.95; R2 coefficient reached 0.87; PBIAS being around 0.45, and PFC being at 0.89. It shows better performance in the rainy season than in the dry season. Inclusive, the CHIRPS rainfall data set and the HEC model could be used for some operational purposes in weather forecasting, especially for flood warnings in river basins in the South Central Coast, Vietnam
Controlling the Urban Physical Development in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies using Quantitative Zoning Approach
Get PDFJakarta and Bandung metropolitan areas in Indonesia are experiencing urban expansion, which makes these two metropolitan areas increasingly connected by corridors to become one mega-urban. Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies are part of the Jakarta-Bandung corridor area which then triggers the urban physical development. This study aims to 1) Determine the level of service facilities in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies; 2) Identify the changes in built-up and paddy fields Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) of Karawang and Purwakarta Regency based on existing and future conditions, and 3) Propose recommendations to control the urban physical development in Karawang and Purwakarta Regency. Analysis of level service facilities was carried out by using the scalogram method. Changes of built-up and paddy fields LULC in the existing and future conditions (projected using the CA-Markov method) are based on LULC of 2005, 2010 and 2018. Recommendations are given based on the grouping of villages with the same characteristics using the quantitative zoning method. Results showed the village development index in 2018 as the level of service facilities indicators, has a high or more developed value in the area around the connecting accessibility route between Jabodetabek and Greater Bandung metropolitan area. Changes in built-up and paddy fields LULC also the same trend as the village development index that is characterized by a fairly large increase in the area of built-up LULC in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies. Recommendations are given to address specific problems that exist in each village group formed based on the spatial clustering method result
Structure and tree diversity of an inland Atlantic Forest–A case study of Ponte Branca Forest Remnant, Brazil
Get PDFThe Atlantic Forest is the most fragmented and threatened domain in Brazil. The main remnants are in the coastal regions. This paper describes a study performed at a protected federal reserve in Brazil located in western of São Paulo state, which is a transition with the Savannah. A forestry survey was made for understanding the forest structure, diversity, and floristic composition of an inland Atlantic Forest area. A total of 3,181 individuals with a Diameter at Breast Height over 3.5 cm were sampled. The data sample was composed of 29 families and 64 species from 15 plots. Forty-seven percent of the species were classified as a pioneer, 42% as secondary, and 11% as climax. The species Eugenia uniflora presented the highest importance value index. The values of Shannon-Weaver diversity and Pielou equitability index indicate the area has less diversity than others in the same phytophysiognomy and was dominated by a few species with many individuals. Several anthropogenic disturbances altered the forest cover of the Ponte Branca Forest remnant, which is in the process of secondary succession
Effect of Transportation Infrastructure on Built-up Area Using Prediction of Land Use/Cover Change: Case Study of Yogyakarta International Airport, Indonesia
Get PDFThe development of transportation infrastructure increases the pressure on natural resources, one of which is the increase in the built-up area. The changes do not only happen during the construction of transportation infrastructure but also after its completion. Therefore, this study aims to identify and simulate land use/cover changes in Kulon Progo Regency, Indonesia, to predict the effect of the construction of Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA). A quantitative descriptive method was used with the main data of multitemporal Landsat remote sensing images. Furthermore, the integration of Cellular Automata and Artificial Neural Networks (CA-ANN) was applied to simulate land use/cover change predictions (2035). The results of image classification using the supervised maximum likelihood classification showed an overall accuracy of 85.33% and 86.67% for 2011, and 2015 with 2019 using Landsat 7 and 8 images, respectively. Meanwhile, there was an increase in paddy fields of 1,210.1 ha (2.11%) and built-up area by 2,708.6 ha (4.72%) during 2011 – 2019. Conversely, shrubs and dryland agriculture decreased by 1,594.1 ha (2.78%) and 2,174.1 ha (3.79%). The simulation results indicate that the development of transportation infrastructure further triggers the increase in built-up area, especially around the YIA. Therefore, policymakers and development implementers should adopt and implement appropriate and effective planning for sustainable land use