Indonesian Journal of Geography
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New type of cave in the Tien Phuoc District, Quang Nam Province, Viet Nam
Full text linkCave systems in Vietnam typically develop in limestone terrains, which cover about 20% of the national territory and are concentrated mainly in the north. In contrast, Tien Phuoc District (Quang Nam Province) is located in central Vietnam, featuring a hilly topography composed primarily of metamorphic rocks, with no previously recorded limestone terrain. The recent discovery of "Bat Cave," a notable scenic site in this region, has revealed a new type of cave development. Through geological, geomorphological surveys, and petrology analysis, the study identifies that Bat Cave formed within lime-bearing metamorphic rocks. Surface features, such as karren landforms—typically associated with karst terrain—indicate significant chemical weathering due to rainwater. The cave walls and floor also show signs of fluvial dissolution. Additionally, tectonic activity, including faulting and uplift, appears to have influenced the cave's formation, interacting with exogenous processes to shape the current landscape. These findings enhance the understanding of cave formation in non-limestone terrains and provide scientific support for recognizing geological heritage in Central Vietnam. This contributes to the foundation for establishing a future geopark in the region
A Review on the Role of Function Landscape in Encouraging the Psychomotor and Cognitive Development of Pre-School Children
Full text linkLearning from outside of the classroom includes physical activities and self-exploration that help in developing positive children’s psychomotor as well as cognitive. Given that the learning process in childhood is important for the development of physical and cognitive, the activities in the form of physical game and self-exploration deemed to be a natural mean for the age level to develop their talents and creativity potentials. The environmental landscape factor that is conducive, impacts the cognitive and leaning of the early children education. However, it is deemed to be lacking in the execution of out of class activities in Malaysia’s early childhood learning that uses elements of functional landscape aligned with concept of self-exploration through learning environment. The objective of this study is to explore the functional landscape elements in an exploration park to improve children's physical development. In doing so, this study carried out a literature review involving the analysis of documents related to the importance and ability of the landscape to improve children's cognitive development. This action study is also expected to contribute as reference to schools, institutions, and related parties in emphasizing functional landscape elements in the design of learning centre areas outside the classroom
Innovative Management and Capacity Building of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) for Economic Welfare and Entrepreneurship in the West Sumbawa Gold Mining Area
Full text linkThis study explores the impact of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) on improving economic welfare and fostering entrepreneurship in the West Sumbawa gold mining area, where BUMDes have struggled to significantly enhance community welfare. The research aims to identify the innovations implemented by BUMDes to overcome these challenges. Utilizing a qualitative methodology with a case study approach, data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation within BUMDes operating in the mining region. The analysis involved crosstab/frequency and qualitative descriptive techniques to uncover patterns and insights. The findings indicate that innovation in managing local resources is critical, encompassing the development of innovative products, the application of digital technologies, and the establishment of collaborations with external parties. These strategies have been pivotal in enabling BUMDes to address the economic needs of the community more effectively. However, the study also highlights the necessity of enhancing the managerial capacities of those running BUMDes. Without significant improvements in managerial skills, the potential of BUMDes to compete on a global scale and act as sustainable economic drivers within their communities remains limited. The research suggests that targeted capacity-building initiatives are essential for empowering BUMDes to fulfill their intended role as catalysts for rural economic growth. The study contributes to the broader understanding of how rural enterprises can innovate and adapt to changing economic landscapes, particularly in resource-rich areas, and provides practical recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to strengthen the impact of BUMDes on village economies.Received: 2024-07-09 Revised: 2024-08-08 Accepted: 2025-07-11 Published: 2025-07-3
Patterns of Physico-Chemical Interactions of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) in the Jagir River Estuary System, Surabaya
Full text linkThe Jagir River estuary system constitutes a significant ecosystem in Surabaya that sustains the livelihoods of the surrounding communities. Despite its importance, the river is subjected to substantial pollution originating from domestic and industrial waste. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the patterns of physicochemical interactions between lead (Pb) in the Jagir River estuary system. Water and sediment samples were collected at 5 strategic points, and the concentration of Pb was analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The correlation between Pb and various environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, DO, pH & TDS) was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the concentrations of Pb in the water column and sediment were 0.1637 – 1.8905 ppm and 0.0735 – 0.2349 ppm, respectively, exceeding the established quality standards for water. Pb content in the waterbody exhibited an increasing trend from upstream to the sea. These results show the salinity and tidal parameters as characteristic features of the Jagir River estuary system, which influence Pb content in water and sediment. The distinct characteristics of this estuary system vary for each region or location, showing that the results can contribute to the development of environmental policies and monitoring of water quality.Received: 2024-08-15 Revised: 2024-09-12 Accepted: 2025-01-25 Published: 2025-04-28
Soil Quality Index of Tropical Peatlands Affected by Canal Blockages
Full text linkThis study aimed to determine the Soil Quality Index (SQI) of peatlands where canal blocking was implemented. The research was conducted in two villages in Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan Province e.g. Madu Sari and Teluk Empening. The sites in Madu Sari were impacted by permanent canal blocking with horticultural crops (M1) and corn (M2), while the sites in Teluk Empening had simple canal blocking with rubber (E1) and horticultural crops (E2). A total of 24 peat soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-20 cm. These samples were analyzed for nineteen physical, chemical, and biological indicators, including peat depth, water-table depth, bulk density, water content, total porosity, permeability, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, CN ratio, available phosphorus, exchangeable sodium, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, ash content, and earthworm. Statistical tests used ANOVA and brown-forsythe to determine the effect of location, as well as tukey test and howell games for further tests. The reduction from 19 to 13 indicators was based on the correlation of the constituent indicators with a value of r>0.5. There are 3 steps to determine SQI, namely to identification of the minimum data set (MDS), (2) the scoring of the MDS indicators, and (3) the calculation of the SQI value. The SQI values for the sites were 0.64 (good) for M1, 0.56 (moderate) for M2, 0.50 (moderate) for E1, and 0.52 (moderate) for E2, reflecting varying levels of soil quality across the locations. The addition of organic matter from manure has a positive impact on soil quality compared to the application of inorganic fertilisers and intensive tillage.Received: 2024-08-19 Revised: 2024-11-15 Accepted: 2025-08-15 Published: 2025-08-19
Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Trend of Puting Beliung Across the Indonesian Archipelago
Full text linkPuting beliung (PB), or small-scale tornado, is a significant and under-researched extreme weather phenomenon in Indonesia, often causing severe damage to infrastructure and posing risks to public safety despite their brief localized nature. Therefore, this research aimed to examine spatial and temporal patterns and trends of PB events across Indonesia from 2011 to 2024, applying statistical analysis, geospatial mapping, and the Mann-Kendall trend test to a database of 2,434 PB events. The results showed that PB events primarily cluster in western and central regions, specifically on Java Island, and the highest frequencies were observed in East Java, West Java, and Central Java. These events typically occur in low-lying zones (0–500 meters above sea level), affecting agricultural and residential land in flat terrain. Temporally, most PB arises in the afternoon (1:00–3:00 pm local time), with peak frequencies in January, March, and November, coinciding with Indonesian monsoonal and transitional seasons. A trend analysis shows a statistically significant nationwide yearly increase of approximately 12 PB events, with 8 provinces exhibiting notable upward patterns. When compared to other PB-prone nations, Indonesia records a higher annual PB frequency than Japan, Australia, and Bangladesh, but remains well below the United States. The novelty of this research lies in its long-term, nationwide dataset and thorough spatiotemporal assessment, providing the first comprehensive examination of PB trends at national and provincial scales in Indonesia. These results provide crucial insights for disaster risk mapping, mitigation strategies, and early warning systems
Deforestation Characteristics between 2006 and 2020 over Tropical Forest in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Full text linkDeforestation is reported to possess a vast and detrimental impact on the environment, economy, and social aspects of the community. In this context, the phenomenon should be assessed and analyzed to inform the decision-maker overseeing issued policy and development strategies. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize deforestation in Central Kalimantan between 2006 – 2020 using land cover map issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Changes in natural forest cover were calculated and analyzed using the Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) to determine trend, location, and land cover replacement of deforestation, reforestation, and degradation in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. A series of Landsat images from 2000 to 2020 was used with a spatial resolution (30 m) and frequent revisit cycles. Additionally, the levels of forest loss, restoration, and degradation were accurately mapped by analyzing spectral bands and vegetation indices, providing valuable information for conservation efforts and other land-based policies. The results showed that Central Kalimantan lost 1.5 million ha of natural forest with a rate of deforestation of 117,000 ha/year from 2006 to 2020. Deforestation showed a decreasing trend and fluctuation in secondary swamps and dry forests located in the southern part of the island. This research could be used as a base to determine the target location for rehabilitation strategy to prevent further deforestation.Received: 2023-10-23 Revised: 2024-01-11 Accepted: 2025-01-24 Published: 2025-02-1
The Effects of Urbanization on Indonesian Community and Environment
Full text linkThis research aims to analyze the impact of urbanization on environmental and socio-economic resilience of communities by investigating the Sukoharjo region in Indonesia. Several components of urban ecosystem were considered, including geological formations, geomorphological conditions, and eco-regions. Meanwhile, the analysis of urban socio-economic aspects focuses on community well-being and urban facilities. The research uses 180 observation samples in the analysis process. The result shows that urbanization deteriorates soil fertility, agricultural land, and the availability of clean water through panel data regression. In addition, urbanization has successfully increased per capita income, employment opportunities, and the development of public facilities, posing a dilemma for policymakers. This shift in population needs to be pursued by some communities to preserve urban ecosystem. Urbanization has a positive and negative impact on community welfare and ecosystems, respectively. In this context, future research must adopt effective methods for managing urbanization and urban ecosystems.Received: 2023-10-26 Revised: 2024-01-25 Accepted: 2025-02-19 Published: 2025-03-25
Socio-Cultural Factors in Mamar Management Impacting Ecosystem Services
Full text linkChanges in the earth's landscape is causing significant transformations impacting ecosystem services globally. One notable consequences of these changes is trade-off in ecosystem services, which is caused by human land use activities due to social and cultural perspectives of society. Therefore, this research aimed to understand the influence of socio-cultural factors that impact ecosystem services in Mamar management. The experiment was conducted using as qualitative and quantitative survey to identify changes in Mamar management through participatory research and land use analysis on Landsat 2013 and 2023. Socio-cultural factors were also identified through an ethnographic method using Smart PLS 3.2.7. The results showed that there was a change in the priority of ecosystem services, as supported by changes in land use and the importance index of Piper aduncum L. and Areca catechu. Several factors showing significant influence were Socio-Demographic-Economic Conditions (SDE4, SDE5, SDE6), Socio-Economic Vulnerabilities (KR6, KR7, KR8, KR9), and Cultural Resilience (RSB1, RSB2, RSB3) in Mamar management (SP1, SP2), which affected the production of ecosystem services. Based on the results, understanding patterns of social influence enabled appropriate mitigation strategies for imbalances in ecosystem services.Received: 2024-06-23 Revised: 2024-06-28 Accepted: 2025-04-16 Published: 2025-04-2
Accelerating Sustainable Proklim in The Food Resilience and Green Economy
Full text linkThis study aimed to develop a model for accelerating the transition to green economy through the implementation of a climate village focused on food security. It introduced a children-friendly digital education program designed to enhance out-of-class learning on climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study also emphasized the integration of Proklim activities within designated areas to minimize the adverse effects of climate change. A survey method was conducted in Sukoharjo Regency with a sample of 160 respondents of Proklim activists. Primary data were collected using questionnaires, FGDs, and quantitative interviews, while secondary data were collected through documentation. The data were analyzed using geographic information systems, structural equation model PLS, vs code software, MySQL, construct, animate, and travel cost methods. The results showed that accelerating the transition to green economy through a food security-based climate village program involved a combination of adaptation, mitigation, and sustainability efforts. The adaptation measures focused on controlling drought, floods, and landslides, enhancing food security, and managing climate-related diseases. Meanwhile, mitigation efforts included effective waste management for both solid and liquid waste, adoption of renewable energy, conservation practices, energy efficiency, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, agricultural innovation, and the preservation of vegetation cover. Sustainability was reinforced through the establishment of community groups, promotion of self-reliance, independent funding initiatives, gender-inclusive participation, capacity-building programs, external support, and the development of activities that generate social, economic, and environmental benefits. Digitalization in education is implemented through the Proklim digital platform, KampungIklim.com, which offers out-of-class learning resources on climate change mitigation and adaptation. Proklim activities serve as pilot sites for educational tourism, promoting sustainability by integrating economic value into existing initiatives, including the development of Proklim-based tourism villages.Received: 2024-08-15 Revised: 2024-11-15 Accepted: 2025-02-19 Published: 2025-04-2