Indonesian Journal of Geography
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Impacts of Climatic Variation on Water Balance and Yield of Watershed (Insights from The Kaduna Watershed, North Central Nigeria)
Get PDFMany authors have identified climate variation impacts in Nigeria. However, the effects on water balance and water yield have not been thoroughly considered. Good knowledge of water balances is vital for sustainable water resource management in northern Nigeria due to high water stress and increased evapotranspiration compared to another part of the country. Hence, the study presents the first detailed climatic variation impacts on watershed water balance and water yield in north-central Nigeria. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to predict the hydrological procedures. The Kaduna watershed (32,124 km2) calibrated and validated streamflow results were run independently using three land cover maps of 1975, 2000, and 2013. The model performance evaluation was statically attained using the coefficient of determination (r2), Nash-Sutcliffe (NS), besides the percentage of observed data (p-factor). The model evaluation result of r2 (0.80), NS (0.71), and p-factors of 0.86 indicated the model satisfactory performance evaluation of streamflow predictions. The streamflow estimation revealed Threshold depth of water (GWQMN.gw) as the most sensitive parameter. The findings discovered declined between 1975 and 2013 in precipitation, water yield, surface runoff (SURQ_mm), lateral flow (LAT_Qmm), deep aquifer (Deep_mm) by 4.2%, 37.3%, 56%, 15%, and 100% respectively, while shallow groundwater aquifer (GW_Qmm) experienced 10% decrease between 1975 and 2000 and appreciated by 6% between 2000 and 2013, evapotranspiration (ET_mm) increase by about 22.2% between 1975 and 2013. These results suggest considerable effects of climate variation in the watershed and call for further investigation to mitigate climate change influence.
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Analysis to Evaluate Corn Cultivation Technology Based on Farmer Participation
Get PDFAn unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), widely known as a drone, proves very effective in assessing cropping or crop cultivation. Its practical use in evaluating corn cultivation technology systems is feasible when based on farmer participation. UAV can generate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) algorithm that reflects the greenness of leaves, which is a parameter related to photosynthesis and plant productivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the participation-based UAV-derived NDVI could be effectively used to assess corn cultivation technology and determine the appropriate technology to be used in the cultivation. The research was conducted in Tarowang Village in Galesong Selatan District, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, using two plots, namely, mother trial and baby trial. The mother trial applied a randomized block design in which eight packages of corn cultivation technology were randomly assigned, whereas the baby trial consisted of eight corn plots cultivated by farmers. In the latter, each farmer received one package of the cultivation technology. The study results indicated that NDVI and yield could effectively evaluate corn cropping. Three packages, i.e., P1, P4, and P5, are recommended for corn cultivation, especially in the village observed. Nevertheless, they are expected to be also applicable to other districts in South Sulawesi to promote improvement in corn production
A Spatial Political-Economic Review on Urban Growth in Java under Economic Liberalization of Dutch Colonialism During the 19th Century
No full textThis study understands the rise and fall of cities as a result of colonial worldview and practices. Based on spatial political-economic thinking, this study examines the spatial implications of Dutch colonialism on urban growth in Java during the 19th century. The practice of colonialism at that time took place in a relatively stable regional situation. The analysis of textual data from various literature indicates that the economic liberalization of Dutch colonialism in that time was a continuation of the VOC’s mercantilism but with a stronger intention to control the factors of production. Territorial expansion to fertile areas indeed encouraged the emergence of medium-sized cities in the inland, but on the other hand, degenerated several older cities on the coast. Spatially, the ambitions and practices of colonialism had a limited implication on urban growth. The combination of territorial and capital logic triggered political liquidation which was reflected in the spatial pattern of urban growth. The identity and symbol of colonial power were attached as new elements to the cities. This process revealed a locational decision to channel economic benefits to strategic places for sustaining domination of power for the long-term
Groundwater Chemistry Characterization in the South and Southeast Merapi Volcano, Indonesia
Get PDFMerapi Volcano, which differs from volcanoes in other climates due to its location on the Indonesian Maritime Continent influenced by ENSO, ICTZ, and Moonsons, plays an essential role as a source of groundwater for the surrounding population. Some problems associated with groundwater in Mount Merapi are high utilization compared to other volcanoes worldwide, changes in land use, pollution, and its lowering table. Therefore, this study aims to compare the hydrogeological characteristics and aquifer systems of the southern and southeastern parts of Merapi Volcano. The hydrogeological characteristics were obtained from geological mapping, surface and subsurface, as well as rock XRF tests. Meanwhile, the hydrogeochemical characterization was determined through chemical data using the Trilinear Piper, Kurlov, Fingerprint, Composition, and Harker Diagram methods. The results of the Trilinear Piper, Kurlov, Fingerprint, and Composition Diagram methods show that Mount Merapi has 3, 7, 4, and 2 types of patterns different from other volcanoes in the world. On the other hand, the Harker diagram has the same pattern of Mg-Ca and Mg-Na as several other volcanoes. In conclusion, the hydrostratigraphy in the southern part of the volcano, consists of aquifuge, aquiclude, and aquifer, while in the southeast, there are aquitards of volcanic sandstone and tuff
Mapping Creative Amenities to Develop Tourism Potentials in a Post-Mining Area: A Case Study of Bantar Karet Village, Bogor Regency, Indonesia
Get PDFIn the past five years, hundreds of villages across Java have practiced tourism, including Bantar Karet, which projects tourism as a new economic structure. It has hosted gold mine activities for years by involving many villagers in non-formal mining activities. However, the ban on illegal mining activities by the government led to a search for new ways for the villagers to earn a living, leading to the operation of tourist attractions. This research discussed the socio-spatial aspect of organizing tourism in Bantar Karet Village using the creative class theory, arguing for its ability to explain the relationship between physical space and rural community development. This argument was tested using empirical data acquired through a mix-methods strategy. These include fieldwork to identify the location of tourism potential within the village, interviews with residents, and focus group discussions with key stakeholder representatives. Tourism potentials were analyzed using four creative measures, namely population, process, product, and environment. The findings subsequently showed several creative tourism traits being developed, as well as an unequal opportunity for the community to participate in tourism activities. Although the benefits to the village are still concentrated in the proximity of tourist attractions, this research confirmed the ability of tourism to enhance rural attractiveness to the creative class, facilitating their entry as tourists, residents, or employees
Comparing Mining and Palm Oil Plantation Impacts on the Human Security of Local Communities
No full textCoal mining and palm oil plantations are important sectors for supporting development in Indonesia. However, these sectors are criticized as the cause of horizontal conflicts, deforestation, and natural disasters that threaten the human security of local communities. This paper aims to compare the extent to which coal mining industries and palm oil plantations have impacted the human security of local communities. For this purpose, this study applies comparative process tracing in the case of Kalimantan Timur and Kalimantan Tengah. This research found that palm oil plantations have lower negative impacts on the human security of local communities than coal mining industries. Mining has co-opted the livelihood of local communities. Local communities, most of whom initially work as farmers, lose job opportunities due to the transfer of agriculture to mining, which does not fit with the agency of local communities. In contrast, palm oil plantations establish cooperation with local laborers and local farmers in the Nucleus Estate Smallholder scheme (NES) which prevents unemployment. Therefore, in the context of local communities’ human security, it is better for government to develop palm oil plantations than coal mining
From solitary to an adaptive continuum process: Toward a new framework of natural disaster emergency decision-making
Get PDFMajor studies in emergency decisions are focusing on how techno-rational approaches applied in early warning systems to produce an output; rarely explore its opponent, the naturalistic intervention, or how both paradigms function in a crisis decision process. This research aims to identify the actual process of emergency decision making in the context of natural hazard studies, whether it employs the techno-rational or purely naturalistic approach. A systematic review is adopted to assess papers in the period 2000-2018 within the ‘emergency decision making’ AND “natural disaster” keywords. Research finds a non-techno-rational paradigm that contributes to producing a decision outcome. Instead of categorizing it the naturalistic paradigm as named by the scholars, we labelled it a non-technological paradigm. It consists of two main instruments: individual and institutional interventions, that together with the techno-rational instrument develop an adaptive continuum behavior while operating in uncertainty condition in order to generate an effective evacuation order for vulnerable people
Assessing Gains of stakeholders for Mega Project implementation: Learning from Beneficiary Assessment of Lahore Ring Road Project, Pakistan
Get PDFThe population is increasing rapidly globally, and urban expansion of the cities has become an extensive trend in developing nations. Urban expansion patterns, such as transportation structure and road networks, affect transportation planning. This research was conducted on a mega project in Lahore city of Pakistan, i.e., the Lahore Ring Road (LRR) project. Limited research focused on the beneficiary assessment of the road project, and this research was carried out to fill this research gap. This research aims to evaluate the beneficiary assessment of DHA Phase 8 and Halloki Settlement along the Lahore Ring Road. The simple Random Sampling technique was used to conduct the household survey in the study area. This study concluded that most of the residents did not modify their houses nor increase the built-up area and height after the introduction of the project. This study inferred that the rental potential was high at some locations and low at old existing settlements. This research further concluded that community participation was ignored, and public facilities were not improved in the study area. But a project of LRR was very much beneficial and alive for the residents of Lahore city. Community participation should be enhanced in such types of megaprojects, and allied facilities in the nearby community should be upgraded. This research will be helpful for policymakers, urban planners, transportation planners, development authorities, and other stakeholders in planning future road projects in the country
Road Transportation Development and Land Use Changes in Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia
Get PDFThis research aims to make a historical mapping of the development of road infrastructure and the impact on land use changes. A historical analysis was conducted based on the documents and reports of transportation development, road construction, and urban planning in Semarang City, the capital city of Central Java, Indonesia. From a historical perspective, the transportation development and the land use change of Semarang City were determined by economic activities from the early period of colonialism, especially when this city was devoted as a port city in Java with massive coastal inhabitants. Along with this economic activity, ports and roads were built, accelerating the city’s development until the mid of 20th century. Road construction generated urban problems such as rapid urbanization, and environmental problems. Meanwhile, the road construction also accelerated the city agglomeration, connecting Semarang City with other cities on the Java North Coast. However, in the 1990s the symptom of the use of private transportation occurred in Semarang which became the most critical issue in the later periods
A New Approach of the Tsunami Mitigation Strategies for the City of Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Get PDFTen years after rehabilitating and reconstructing some coastal areas of Banda Ache struck by the tsunami, and the city is currently repopulated, with most of its open land and community ponds converted into settlements. This rise in population needs to be controlled to minimize damages and casualties, assuming the tsunami hits again. Presently, the Banda Aceh City spatial plan for 2029 does not have a clear concept of tsunami mitigation, specifically in the spatial pattern of coastal areas. Therefore, this research aims to remap the vulnerability level of the Banda Aceh City coastal area from the tsunami hazard and determine alternative strategies based on the tsunami level in achieving safe, comfortable, productive, and sustainable spatial planning goals. This starts by analyzing the wave height generated by the earthquake that triggered this natural disaster and mapping the spatial distribution of the area and the tsunami's inundation height. The results showed that the proportionate regions prone to Level-2 tsunami were worse than the 2004 disaster based on the water level markers built in the city. The spatial planning strategies for the coastal area of Banda Aceh City are carried out by determining the level of tsunami-prone and the potential of the area's resources through a new approach of the multi-layer tsunami defence systems by combining sea dike, greenbelt, silvo-fishery, and the elevated road