Indonesian Journal of Geography
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Causes and Impacts of Rural Land Fragmentation in the Coastal Belt of Bangladesh
Get PDFIdentification of root causes and associated impacts of land fragmentation is necessary to reduce future fragmentation and mitigate its impacts. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the causes and impacts of land fragmentation in a purposively selected coastal Upazila (sub-district) of Bangladesh. This study is carried out mainly based on the collected information from the individual representative of the selected 133 households. It discloses that most of the households observed the land fragmentation during their possession because of rapid population growth and breaking the joint/extended families into nuclear families. In fact, land fragmentation can increase or decrease a particular land use type. However, the results of this research confirm that there are no significant (p >0.07, based on the number of households) associations found between increasing and decreasing homestead land. In contrast, the number of households with cropland significantly (p <0.0001) decreased, whereas the number of households having wetlands significantly (p <0.04) increased. The surveyed households have been practicing high-yielding varieties of crops, using biofertilizers, possessing new land, and changing their income sources for adapting to new land use behavior. The surveyed villagers opine that the land fragmentation problem could be managed by encouraging people living with extended/joint families, vertical use of land, adopting land use policy, etc. The results of this community-reported study can be used to mitigate the impacts of land fragmentation in the coastal rural area of Bangladesh.
Land Use Change Threat to Paddy Cultivation Sustainability on the Irrigated Rice Fields in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia
Get PDFUnpredictable conditions of rice cultivation on fragile peatlands in Indonesia due to land-use changes would be an obstacle to agricultural food production and food security. This study aimed to determine the changes in land usage in Bengkulu, from prospective rice fields to oil palm plantations. The study was conducted from June to October 2020 at Air Manjuto irrigation paddy fields in Mukomuko Regency, Bengkulu Province. The analysis used satellite imagery with appropriate resolutions and multitemporal time from the United States Geological Survey's Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper + (ETM+), and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) collected from the years of 2000, 2008, and 2019. (USGS). The landscapes covering the Air Manjuto area were mostly marginal swampy peaty soils with ordo of Inceptisols, Histosols, and Entisols, which favor intensive rice cultivation. Oil palm plantation covers about 80% of the area, and in the last ten years, the cultivation by small-scale farmers increased sharply, about 8,219 ha or 68% from the previous decade, and no bush and bare land. In contrast, rice fields were an extraordinary loss of 6,819 ha or about 74% in the last decade, from 9,187 ha in 2008 to 2,308 ha in 2019. The loss of a huge area for rice cultivation at the Air Manjuto irrigation area threatens production in Bengkulu. The loss should be reversed through supporting infrastructure facilities and incentives, agrochemical subsidies, and agricultural insurances, and no more rice fields should be converted
The Socio-economic Conditions of Fishers on Indonesia's Beeng Laut Island
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the socio-economic conditions related to marketing margins of demersal fish in Beeng Laut Island, Sangihe Archipelago Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, using survey methods with interview and questionnaire techniques. Most fishers on Beeng Laut Island have a primary school education, houses constructed using wood, and an age range of 20 to 30 years. Margin marketing demersal fish on Channel marketing III (P à Pp à Pe à Ka) and Channel IV (P à Pp à Rm à Ka) is inefficient due to the limited electricity supply. This has an indirect effect on fish quality due to a lack of readily available ice to handle catches. Increased demersal fish marketing efficiency may result in a significant revenue for fishers. Therefore, the government should boost energy availability to enable people create and purchase ice to aid with fish preservation. It should also establish cooperatives for fishers and provide alternative work, such as conservation activities or marine tourism development
Sustainable Tourism Development in Indonesia: Bibliometric Review and Analysis
Get PDFAlong with the many potentials in developing the tourism sector and impressive research in the tourism sector, in the last ten years, interest in studying and researching the sustainability of the development of Indonesia's tourism sector has continued to increase significantly. However, despite the increase, the scientific literature published so far has not evaluated in detail the sustainability of Indonesia's tourism development. This study analyzed 861 articles published until February 2021 in the Scopus database on Indonesia's tourism development sustainability. In conducting the analysis, the VosViewer software was used to find results about the most contributing authors, the number of citations, regions, organization, publica-tions and co-occurrences of keywords that could provide new gaps in future research. The results obtained showed trends and impacts of literature published to date, then new gaps/novelties for further research related to the themes of sport tourism, mangrove tourism, sharia tourism and Indonesia's tourism resilience were found. With these results, the next researchers should raise the theme so that Indonesian tourism's sustainability can develop adequately to have a more significant impact in the future
Modeling the Potential of Tsunami Hazard in Labuan Bajo Towards A Disaster-Resilient Tourism Area
Get PDFIn 2019, Labuan Bajo was designated a super-priority tourism destination, but this area is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. The potential threats of disasters need to be considered when developing the tourism sector. Therefore, this study aims to determine the height and arrival time of tsunami waves based on a worst hypothetical scenario on the north coast of Labuan Bajo and its surroundings. The method used was numerical modelling with open source software TUNAMI F1, which calculated the wave propagation based on linear equations in spherical coordinates based on worst scenarios. The results showed that the Flores back-arc thrust earthquake caused a reasonably high tsunami with a fast arrival time at Labuan Bajo. The wave height of the tsunami around Labuan Bajo, Rinca, and Komodo Island is at least 3 m, but it reaches 8-9 m under certain conditions. Furthermore, its arrival time on the coast of Labuan Bajo is less than 2.5 minutes. This is much faster than those in Aceh (2004), Pangandaran (2006), and Palu (2018). Even though the early warning came 5 minutes after the earthquake, a high level of preparation and awareness is required to create a disaster-resilient tourist area in Labuan Bajo
Site Suitability Analysis for Urban Settlements along River Jhelum, Pakistan using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques
Get PDFInfrastructure development is critical to the success of economic growth policies. Remote sensing and GIS tools have an important role to play in the development of various urban infrastructures. Due to the rapid growth of urban population and urbanization, it is necessary to find out the site's suitability for sustainable urban development. The main aim of the study is to study the growth and trend of urbanization, as well as to find out the suitable sites for further urban development in northern Punjab, along the river Jhelum, Pakistan. The study illustrates the use of geographic information system (GIS) and Remote Sensing based techniques i.e. Human Natural Environment Index (HNEI) applied with a foundation of Relief Degree of Land Surface (RDLS), Temperature Humidity Index (THI), Water Resource Index (WRI), and Land Cover Index (LCI) for selection of the suitable site for urban settlements along river Jhelum, Pakistan. For this purpose, Toposheet and Landsat satellite data were used to generate various thematic layers using ArcGIS software. The results were generated in form of five categories i.e., highly suitable, moderately suitable, relatively low suitable, low suitable, and non-suitable. The final results indicated that district Sargodha is most suitable for long-term sustainable urban settlements favored by relief, climate, water availability, land cover scenario, and flood hazard-free area. Eventually, a site suitability map is prepared for further urban development. The present study allows the local people as well as urban planners for the appropriate plans of land use planning in sustainable urban development
Preliminary Study on the Use of Digital Surface Models for Estimating Vegetation Cover Density in Mountainous Area
Get PDFDigital surface model (DSM) has been widely available for mapping and was also sometimes used for mapping vegetation height. The authors conducted a preliminary study to evaluate the potential use of DSMs derived from ASTER, ALOS, and SRTM for estimating vegetation cover density in mountainous area. This study used NDVI and SAVI vegetation indices, in addition to forest cover density (FCD) model as references for evaluation. A DSM-based volume index (Volindex) concept is introduced, which is the product of the canopy height model (CHM) and the pixel area. CHM was derived from the value difference between the DSM and the reference DEM. The Volindex model was then compared with the NDVI, SAVI and FCD. We found that all DSM-based Volindex models are not accurate enough to represent the vegetation cover density, although the ALOS Palsar-based Volindex could reach 41.53% accuracy and was finally used to predict the vegetation cover density
Powers on Community-Level Deliberation: A Power Cube Approach
Get PDFThis study is generated by the limited understanding of the actor's power on village-level deliberation. In community-level deliberation, especially for villagers, planning struggles with unbalanced power from involved actors to avoid potential failures due to inappropriate implementation and waste of state finances. Problems from policy formulation results have distorted the consensus. Community-based planning faces different power characteristics displayed by involved actors. However, it seems that this matter's understanding is mostly obtained in Western urban areas context and few have studied it in the rural context, even more, sourced from non-Western and global south practices. Questions arise on the power capabilities each actor has and its implications for the planning formulation results. This article aims to provide an understanding of the actor's position and their source of power. It investigates the power identities of involved actors on the community-level deliberation through a power cube approach. Community-level deliberation in Pematang Tengah village, Indonesian, is used as the case study. Primary data were obtained from interviews with twenty-one respondents, observation, and document analysis during 2018-2020. The result shows that each actor displays a specific power characteristic driving their influences on the planning formulation results. This condition has implications for the construction of the power holder's influence in dominating the deliberation process
Bali Strait‘s Potential Fishing Zone of Sardinella lemuru
Get PDFCatch fluctuation of Sardinella lemuru in the Bali Strait in the period 2007 - 2019 shows a significant decrease. The fishermen of this area demanded information on the Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ) specifically targeted for Sardinella lemuru beyond their traditional. PFZ will be very helpful, especially during the famine years. Identification of a Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ) is highly important for increased fishing yields and also reduced fishing time for fishermen. Bali strait is dominated by Sardinella lemuru and contributes 16,2% of the total small pelagic fishery production in Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 573. Bali Strait also supports the fishing industry in Muncar (Banyuwangi-East Java) and Pengambengan (Jembrana-Bali). This study will produce a special PFZ for Sardinella lemuru that is not yet available in Indonesia by using remotely sensed and observer data. Here, we apply the Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function (ECDF) algorithm approach for Sardinella lemuru detection. ECDF was developed using Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data from Aqua MODIS and extracted according to observer data during 2011-2014. PFZ for Sardinella lemuru in Bali strait was affected by 72,8 % Chl-a conditions and 27,2% by SST conditions. The maximum suitable preference for Sardinella lemuru in Bali Strait is Chl-a condition at 0,2 mg/m3 and SST condition at 28,38°C in northwest monsoon, while in southeast monsoon are 0,97 mg/m3 for Chl-a and 25,61°C for SST. ECDF model result has 69,33% accuracy, which shows the result of Sardinella lemuru PFZ has good accuracy
Flood Risk Mapping Using GIS and Multi-Criteria Analysis at Nanga Pinoh West Kalimantan Area
Get PDFFlood is one of the disasters that often hit various regions in Indonesia, specifically in West Kalimantan. The floods in Nanga Pinoh District, Melawi Regency, submerged 18 villages and thousands of houses. Therefore, this study aimed to map flood risk areas in Nanga Pinoh and their environmental impact. Secondary data on the slope, total rainfall, flow density, soil type, and land cover analyzed with the multi-criteria GIS analysis were used. The results showed that the location had low, medium, and high risks. It was found that areas with high, prone, medium, and low risk class are 1,515.95 ha, 30,194.92 ha, 21,953.80 ha, and 3.14 ha, respectively. These findings implied that the GIS approach and multi-criteria analysis are effective tools for flood risk maps and helpful in anticipating greater losses and mitigating the disasters