Indonesian Journal of Geography
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Cultural Ecology and Environmental Education: Lesson Learned from Baduy Indigenous Community
Get PDFThis research investigated culturally-generated abilities and skills in the frame of human adaptation and environmental education. Under qualitative approach, this research implemented phenomenological research method that seek to understand the situation that occurs locally to certain group. Data collection was done through observation and interview with four key informants involving indigenous community leaders, community members, and formal education practitioner. Additional informants were taken from snowball sampling technique from whose accounts were elaborated until data saturation achieved. Validity and reliability of data were carried through member check and data triangulation. Data analysis process follow three sequential phases, namely data reduction, display, and drawing conclusion. Findings of research were grouped into three sections, namely a) cultural ecology of Baduy indigenous community; b) environmental education based on local wisdom of Baduy people; and c) pedagogical experience on local wisdom-based learning
Monitoring the the Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on the Phenology of Natural Vegetation Using 250m MODIS-NDVI Satellite Data: Cace Study of the Dryland Ecosystem of Sokoto, North-Westrn Nigeria.
Get PDFRecent climate change and variability together with other anthropogenic drivers have exerted tremendous pressure on the fragile dryland ecosystem of Sokoto, North-western Nigeria. Vegetation phenology is one of the active indicators of the impacts of climate change on the ecosystem. This study aimed to monitor how the ecosystem of the area responds to the challenges associated with climate change in order to provide baseline information for policies and programmes geared towards addressing these challenges. It explored the applications of remote sensing data (MODIS-NDVI), GIS and statistical analyses in achieving this aim. Image processing operations such as data extraction, raster calculations, geometric transformations and creation of the region of interest were conducted using ArcGIS 10.5 model builder while TIMESAT software was used determined the vegetation phenological events such as the start, end and length of the growing seasons. The results indicated a persistent decline in the length of the growing seasons of the major vegetation classes in the area due to late onset and early cessation of the growing season which is positively correlated with rainfall distribution. From the year 2001 to 2016, 36% and 33% declined in the length of the growing season were recorded for shrubs and grasses respectively. These are positively correlated with the annual rainfall distributions in the area, with the correlation coefficient of r = 0.40 and r = 0.36 for the shrubs and grasses respectively. Implications of these on the ecosystem and livelihoods of the people in the area were discussed and ways forward suggested
Green Open Space and Barren Land Mapping for Flood Mitigation in Jakarta, the Capital of Indonesia
Get PDFHigh levels of rainfall, tidal flooding, land subsidence, intensified urban development, scarce barren land and a shortage of green open spaces (GOS) are contributing factors to the persistent flooding in Jakarta. Therefore, this study was conducted to map the GOS, built-up, and barren land in the city in order to calculate the biopore infiltration hole (LRB) potential for water infiltration as part of Jakarta's flood mitigation efforts using the Landsat 8 operational land imager (OLI). The Landsat data acquired on September 11, 2019, with path/row 122/064 were processed using the Fast Line-of-Sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) method for the radiometric correction, and geometric correction with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 7.57 meters. Moreover, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was applied to classify the GOS, the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) for the built-up areas, and the normalized difference barren land index (NDBaI) for barren land areas which were further confirmed using NDBI to distinguish them from the built-up areas. It is also important to note that the LRB potential was calculated by adding the GOS and barren land, dividing the result by the ideal land area multiplied by the ideal number of holes. The results showed that the GOS, built-up area, and barren land were 8.34%, 85.29%, and 2.48%, respectively. Furthermore, the LRB potential through the optimization of GOS and barren land was found to be 70.06 km2 and produced 16,816,248 LRB (18.27% of total needed). The realization of this value is expected to reduce the potential inundation in Jakarta by 15.6%
The experience of internal (Domestic) migration among 30 Homeless Former Prisoners in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Get PDFThe recurring return of homeless former prisoners to Chow Kit Road each time after being released from prison leads to various key questions. One of which: What is so interesting about Chow Kit Road that it has become a focal point for these homeless former prisoners? Their return to Chow Kit Road illustrates two big pictures, either they have no choice or they see Chow Kit Road as a suitable home for them. The repeated return of the homeless former prisoners indicated that they have developed a form of comfort and pleasure with the place. Hence, we conducted a qualitative study to understand the repetitive migration among the homeless former prisoners by interviewing 30 of them around Chow Kit Road. This study stopped the data collection process when the study's overall findings achieved data saturation. Atlas.ti software was utilised to perform the thematic coding process. This software provides a more systematic coding process. Several strategies were adopted in this study to increase the data's validity and reliability, triangulation, member check, peer review, long period in the field and audit trail. This study involved a larger qualitative sample by offering several diverse themes. Based on the findings, 11 sub-themes were grouped into 4 superordinate themes, namely social, economic and urban infrastructure, services, and personal offer factors. The social offer factor superordinate theme included sub-themes of familiarity with the environment, ease of getting drugs, and concentration of friends who are also former prisoners. Followed by the economic offer factor with the sub-theme of finding a job and easy ways to earn. The sub-themes of the urban infrastructure and service offer factor superordinate theme were access to transportation, plenty of food aid, and easy access to hospitals. While the sub-themes of the personal offer factor included wanting freedom, nowhere else to go, and bringing oneself away from family. These results added to the existing knowledge by considering migrations from chronic and marginal groups, i.e., the homeless former prisoners as study subjects
Social Capital in Disaster Management: A Systematic Literature Review of Research Trends from 1998 to 2019
Get PDFThis study investigates how different facets of social capital affect community resilience in The face of disasters. There has not been a thorough study that examines social capital across various types of frequently occurring disasters and across the different phases of a disaster, that is, pre-disaster, during disaster, and post-disaster. Previous research on social capital has been conducted in both developed and developing countries using various disaster cases. To synthesize previous research, identify knowledge gaps, and set the course for future research, this study used a literature review technique. This method is both methodical and rigorous. The current analysis found a rising trend in the amount of research on the use of social capital in disaster management, demonstrating a growing interest in the function of social capital in boosting community resilience in the face of disasters. The findings of this study showed that community resilience in disaster management is influenced by social capital components. The study found that the trust and network components of social capital—which include trust, beliefs, norms, rules, networks, and values—have the greatest effects on community resilience. Greater knowledge of the function of social capital in disaster management and the aspects of social capital that are most important for fostering community resilience are provided by these results, which have a substantial impact on future research and disaster management methods
Assessment of Natural Moisture Availability of Turkestan Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Get PDFTo increase the level of management efficiency in the agricultural sector of the economy, it is necessary to ensure the implementation of the sustainable environmental management principles, taking into account the spatial patterns of climate change and bioclimatic potential of the territory. The assessment of natural moisture availability of the natural areas of the Turkestan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 1941-2020 (by providing a comparative analysis of indicators for 1941-1960 and 2001-2020) was conducted based on the use of the natural moisture coefficient and hydrothermal index or "dryness index" predicated on energy resources (total of biologically active air temperatures above 10°С, photosynthetically active radiation, evaporating capacity and water consumption of agricultural land). The conducted survey has used the proven domestic, international and proprietary methods according to estimates of natural water availability in the natural areas. The results of a comparative analysis of climatic indices changes in the natural areas of the Turkestan region (by sixteen weather bureau stations) for 1941 to 2020 have shown that there is an increase in average annual air temperatures in all natural areas, and the annual precipitation tends downward which affects the formation of energy resources and natural water supply. The identified features of changes in the natural moisture coefficient and hydrothermal index or "dryness index" in natural area of Turkestan region, make it possible to adjust the spread of its boundaries and consider these changes in the territorial organization of agricultural nature management
The Regionalism of Borders in Indonesia (Case Study: Sebatik Island, Indonesia)
Get PDFBorder management has, on the one hand, grown beyond the conceptual limit that is the terminological definition of borders as lines separating countries to also factor in their development as areas. On the other, it should aim to strengthen state sovereignty and improve the welfare of its citizens. Tese ofen lead to the dichotomy between security and prosperity in border management approaches. Regionalism is an approach used to create regional integration across national borders, but this concept is strongly influenced by the interests of states on each side of the border. Terefore, this research explores if spatial interaction between border communities is controlled by the regionalism concept introduced by the state or, instead, grows organically as part of regionalization due to livelihoods that require border crossings. It used a case study of Sebatik Island in the Indonesia-Malaysia border area. Te qualitative research design applied exploratory principles on the spatial interaction pattern formed between border communities and then synthesized the identified units of information on transboundary activities while considering government-issued policies on border management. Results showed that regionalism was only minimally implemented in managing the border area. It means that border landscapes in Indonesia are organically formed on the micro-scale even though the perspective of regionalism has long been adopted at the regional level, i.e., ASEAN
Spatio-temporal Evolution of Coastal Sabkhas in Arid Rapid Urban Development Area of Kuwait
Get PDFSabkha is the Arabic term meaning "salt flat". It is usually used to describe coastal flat areas extending above the high tide level and which are evaporate-rich clastic sediments. In Kuwait, sabkhas exist along the southern and northern coastal areas. Previous studies did not discuss the chronological changes of the coastal sabkhas in Kuwait, especially the northern sabkhas, where the Government of the State of Kuwait plans urban expansion to the North to achieve Kuwait Vision 2035. This current study aims to detect the geomorphological, spatial, and temporal evolution of coastal sabkhas in Kuwait using remote sensing data and Geographic Information System (GIS) methods. Landsat satellite images were used to study the distribution and evolution of the sabkhas across Kuwait's coasts. The selected images from Landsat MSS 1985 (before the gulf war), Landsat ETM+ 2002 (after the war), and Landsat OLI 2022 (current form) have been classified using the IsoData unsupervised classification method that takes into account near and short infrared radiation. The classification accuracy was validated for 2022 images using the Kappa coefficient, where the value was 0.81. The results showed that sabkhas in Kuwait have changed geomorphologically; anthropogenic activities and urban expansion have certainly influenced this change to cope with socioeconomic demands.The area of the sabkhas shrank from 1,267 to 1,019 km2 (-17%). The results also showed that the southern sabkhas of Kuwait are declining significantly, from 207km2 in 1985 to 52km2 in 2022. The current study presents a methodology to study the spatio-temporal evolution of sabkhas in dry areas around the world, using spatial analysis and in the context of the rapid urban development that the world is witnessing.
Rapid spatial growth of cities and its planning implications for developing countries: a case study of Abuja, Nigeria.
Get PDFAccelerated spatial growth of urban areas is a key driver to land use/land cover change with its concomitant effect on environmental sustainability. The dearth of data on the rate of urban expansion, especially in many developing countries, including Nigeria has continued to hinder effective land use planning and sustainable development. The study aims to identify and analyze the settlement patterns and trends in urban growth at ten years intervals and their planning implications in Abuja, Nigeria. It relied on data generated via remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems to create the map and examine the land cover change in the study area. Classification of land cover using LANDSAT data and land cover transitions for 29 years (1990 to 2019) were mapped and the net land cover change was computed. The results showed the settlement pattern and an increase in the urban built-up area ranging from 1.8% in 1990 to 19.3% in 2019. The dispersion pattern revealed a large concentration of the built-up spaces to be in the eastern region and that the expansion continued from east to south and south-west. The bare land cover types were found to have increased while vegetation land cover decreased rapidly by 30.4% from 1990-2019. The study recommends the need for city planners to decentralize urban planning and development control with adequate provision of affordable urban facilities at the peripheries of cities in Nigeria. Furthermore, massive integration of green infrastructure in built-up areas is required to mitigate the effects of vegetation loss in cities
Quantifying spatiotemporal changes of the urban impervious surface of Dhaka District using Remote sensing Technology
Get PDFDhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is one of the world's fastest-growing cities where imperviousness expanding in tandem. Therefore, accurate estimation of impervious surfaces is essential for urban planning and management. This paper attempts to quantify the changes of urban impervious surfaces in Dhaka district from 1990 to 2020 using remote sensing technology. Satellite images of 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 have been taken from the Landsat TM, ETM+, OLI sensor. Unsupervised classification with k-means clustering and three different RS indices NDVI, NDBI, and BUI was used to delineate the actual impervious area of Dhaka city. This study reveals that due to urbanization a net increase of 67.30 sq. miles impervious area is added to the existing amount over the study period. In 2020 total 300.749 sq. miles which contain 51.02% of the total land were occupied by impervious surfaces compared to the 233.446 sq. miles in 1990. Instantaneously taking appropriate strategies is crucial for sustainable urban growth.