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Política pública dirigida a adolescentes infractores : el proyecto político pedagógico en el Sistema Nacional de Atención Socioeducativa (SINASE).
No full textO Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP), ferramenta de planejamento e gestão escolar, é linha mestra das ações educativas. As unidades de privação de liberdade e os programas de atendimento em meio aberto do Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo (SINASE) – política pública destinada ao adolescente infrator em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas – também têm o dever de elaborar os seus respectivos PPP. Esse Sistema tem interface com os sistemas de educação, saúde, assistência social, entre outros, com o intuito de garantir a efetivação dos direitos individuais e sociais do adolescente. Por essa razão, o PPP no SINASE deve ser construído coletivamente, de forma articulada e intersetorial. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo apresentar especifi cidades e desafi os na elaboração do PPP no SINASE. Metodologicamente, consistiu em ensaio elaborado a partir da análise e discussão de fontes bibliográfi cas e documentais. Como resultado, este ensaio evidenciou a complexidade da elaboração e implementação do referido instrumento de planejamento e gestão educacional, inclusive pelo fato de o SINASE ser composto, em sua maioria, por profi ssionais sem formação pedagógica, o que difi culta o entendimento da equipe quanto à predominância do sentido pedagógico das ações em relação ao seu caráter punitivo e repressivo. Em sua conclusão, considerando-se os desafios apontados, este ensaio sugere a análise de como se processa a articulação e a intersetorialidade na execução do PPP, especialmente em se tratando de unidades de privação de liberdade.The Pedagogical Political Project (PPP), a school planning and management tool, is the main line of educational actions. The deprivation of liberty units and the open service programs of the National Socio-educational Assistan ce System (SINASE) – a public policy aimed at adolescent offenders in compliance with socio-educational measures – also have the duty to prepare their respective PPPs. This System has an interface with the education, health, social assistance system, among others, with the aim of guaranteeing the realization of the individual and social rights of adolescents. For this reason, the PPP in SINASE must be built collectively, in an articulated and intersectoral way. This research aimed to present specificities and challenges of the PPP at SINASE. Methodologically, it consisted of an essay, prepared based on the analysis and discussion of bibliographical and documentary sources. As a result, this essay highlighted the complexity of the elaboration and implementation of the afore mentioned educational planning and management instrument, including the fact that SINASE is composed, for the most part, of professionals without pedagogical training, which makes it difficult for the team to understand the predominance of the pedagogical meaning of actions in relation to their punitive and repressive character. In its conclusion, considering the challenges pointed out, this essay suggests the analysis of how articulation and intersectorality are processed in the execution of PPP, especially when it comes to units executing custodial measures. Keywords: Public policy; Adolescent offender; National Socio-Educational Service System; Pedagogical political project
Connecting mathematical knowledge and practices of artisanal charcoal producers with the pedagogical action of ethnomodelling.
No full textEste artigo apresenta um excerto de uma pesquisa de mestrado acadêmico em Educação Matemática, que tem como objetivo compreender como o desenvolvimento de uma ação pedagógica fundamentada na abordagem dialógica da Etnomodelagem pode contribuir para auxiliar os estudantes na elaboração de etnomodelos relacionados com a produção artesanal de carvão vegetal que se originam na comunidade local, que está fundamentada perspectiva da glocalização. Essa pesquisa qualitativa foi conduzida por meio de uma adaptação do design metodológico da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados com a utilização de questionários, blocos de atividades, entrevistas semiestruturadas e diário de campo como instrumentos para a coleta de dados. Esta investigação foi conduzida em uma escola da rede pública de ensino localizada em Itapecerica, Minas Gerais, com a participação de 24 estudantes e 6 produtores de carvão vegetal. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a condução desta pesquisa contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de uma ação pedagógica em sala de aula na perspectiva da Etnomodelagem ao conectar os saberes e fazeres dos produtores de carvão vegetal artesanal com os conhecimentos matemáticos aprendidos no ambiente escolar.This article presents an excerpt from an academic master's degree in mathematics education, which aims to understand how the development of a pedagogical action based on the dialogical approach of ethnomodeling can contribute towards assisting students in the development of ethnomodels related to artisanal charcoal production that originated in the local community, and which is based on the perspective of glocalization. The qualitative research outlined in this study, was conducted through an adaptation of a Grounded Theory methodological design with the use of questionnaires, activity blocks, semi-structured interviews and a field diary as instruments for data collection. This investigation was conducted in a public school located in Itapecerica, Minas Gerais, with the participation of 24 students and 6 charcoal producers. The results obtained show that conducting this research contributed to the development of a pedagogical action in the classroom from the perspective of ethnomodeling by connecting the knowledge and practices of artisanal charcoal producers with the mathematical knowledge learned in the school environment
Return in research : the biocultural walk, health and nature on the paths of Antônio Pereira, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais.
No full textOs impactos na saúde em territórios com atividade de mineração industrial são multidimensionais e
complexos, requerendo uma abordagem transdisciplinar para sua mensuração. O distrito de Antônio Pereira,
Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, vivencia os impactos do rompimento da barragem de Fundão ocorrido em 2015 e
do processo de descomissionamento da barragem de Doutor que vem acontecendo desde 2020. Neste
território está em curso uma pesquisa, que objetiva sistematizar dados atualizados e concretos sobre a
situação e a necessidade de saúde, tendo como referencial teórico a saúde coletiva. Neste ensaio,
partilhamos a experiência e as reflexões de construir e realizar a Caminhada Biocultural como uma devolutiva
do processo de pesquisa desse projeto. A ação desdobrou-se nos objetivos:1) promover atividades de bem-
estar e lazer e 2) criar um espaço de informação, discussão e reflexão sobre os temas saúde, natureza e
patrimônio biocultural. A devolutiva no formato da Caminhada Biocultural contribuiu para que a comunidade
e a equipe de pesquisa do projeto construíssem uma perspectiva conjunta do conceito de saúde como
garantia de direito a um território saudável, sustentável e solidário.The health impacts in territories with industrial mining activity are multidimensional and complex, requiring a
transdisciplinary approach to measure them. The district of Antônio Pereira, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, is
experiencing the impacts of the collapse of the Fundão dam that occurred in 2015 and the decommissioning
process of the Doutor dam that has been taking place since 2020. Research is underway in this territory, which
aims to systematize updated and concrete data on the health situation and needs, using collective health as a
theoretical framework. In this essay, we share the experience and reflections of building and carrying out the
Biocultural Walk as a feedback from the research process of this project. The action had the following
objectives: 1) promote well-being and leisure activities and 2) create a space for information, discussion and
reflection on the topics of health, nature and biocultural heritage. Feedback in the format of the Biocultural
Walk helped the community and the project's research team build a joint perspective on the concept of health
as a guarantee of the right to a healthy, sustainable and supportive territory
Trypanosoma cruzi antigen detection in blood to assess treatment efficacy and cure in mice models of Chagas disease.
No full textIntroduction: Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Although endemic mainly in Latin America, CD has become a global public health problem due to migration of infected individuals to non-endemic regions. Despite progress made in drug development, preclinical assays for drug discovery are required to accelerate the development of new drugs with reduced side effects, which are much needed for human treatment. Methods: We used a cure model of infected mice treated with Fexinidazole (FZ) to further validate a novel Enzyme Linked Aptamer (ELA) assay that detects parasite biomarkers circulating in the blood of infected animals. Results: The ELA assay showed cure by FZ in ~71% and ~77% of mice infected with the VL-10 and Colombiana strains of T. cruzi, respectively. The ELA assay also revealed superior treatment efficacy of FZ compared to Benznidazole prior to immunosuppression treatment. Discussion: Our study supports the use of ELA assay as an alternative to traditional serology or blood PCR to assess the efficacy of antichagasic drugs during their preclinical phase of development. Further, the combination of high sensitivity and ease of use make this parasite antigen detection assay an attractive new tool to facilitate the development of much needed new therapies for CD
Lung cancer screening in Brazil : recommendations from the Brazilian Society of Thoracic Surgery, Brazilian Thoracic Association, and Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging.
No full textO câncer de pulmão (CP) é uma das neoplasias mais comuns e letais no Brasil, e apenas 15% dos pacientes são diagnosticados nos estágios iniciais. O tabagismo persiste como o responsável por mais de 85% de todos os casos. O rastreamento do CP (RCP) por meio da TC de baixa dosagem de radiação (TCBD) reduz a mortalidade do CP em 20%, e, quando combinado com a cessação do tabagismo, essa redução chega a 38%. Na última década, diversos países adotaram o RCP como recomendação de saúde populacional. No Brasil, embora ainda incipiente, a discussão sobre o tema é cada vez mais ampla e necessária. Com o intuito de aumentar o conhecimento e estimular o debate sobre o RCP, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Torácica, a Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia e o Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem constituíram um painel de especialistas para elaborar as recomendações para o RCP. As recomendações aqui apresentadas foram baseadas em revisão narrativa da literatura, com ênfase em grandes estudos populacionais, em revisões sistemáticas e em recomendações de diretrizes internacionais, sendo construídas após ampla discussão pelo grupo de especialistas. Os temas revisados foram os seguintes: porque rastrear, considerações gerais sobre tabagismo, epidemiologia do CP, critérios de elegibilidade, achados incidentais, lesões granulomatosas, modelos probabilísticos, requisitos mínimos da TCBD, aquisições volumétricas, riscos do rastreamento, estrutura mínima e papel da equipe multidisciplinar, conduta segundo o Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS), custos vs. benefícios e perspectivas do rastreamento.Although lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common and lethal tumors, only 15% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage. Smoking is still responsible for more than 85% of cases. Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT (LDCT) reduces LC-related mortality by 20%, and that reduction reaches 38% when LCS by LDCT is combined with smoking cessation. In the last decade, a number of countries have adopted population- based LCS as a public health recommendation. Albeit still incipient, discussion on this topic in Brazil is becoming increasingly broad and necessary. With the aim of increasing knowledge and stimulating debate on LCS, the Brazilian Society of Thoracic Surgery, the Brazilian Thoracic Association, and the Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging convened a panel of experts to prepare recommendations for LCS in Brazil. The recommendations presented here were based on a narrative review of the literature, with an emphasis on large population-based studies, systematic reviews, and the recommendations of international guidelines, and were developed after extensive discussion by the panel of experts. The following topics were reviewed: reasons for screening; general considerations about smoking; epidemiology of LC; eligibility criteria; incidental findings; granulomatous lesions; probabilistic models; minimum requirements for LDCT; volumetric acquisition; risks of screening; minimum structure and role of the multidisciplinary team; practice according to the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System; costs versus benefits of screening; and future perspectives for LCS
Intelligent films based on lobeira fruit starch for fresh chicken meat quality monitoring.
No full textThe use of intelligent films as colorimetric indicator devices in food packaging provides information
about changes in the pH, time, temperature and microbiological properties of the product. These
devices enable consumers to analyze food with the naked eye, ensuring food safety and quality.
Thus, this study explores the use of lobeira (Solanum lycocarpum L.) native starch starch and
vanillin in the development of colorimetric indicator films for monitoring chicken meat deterioration,
aiming at enhancing food packaging safety and longevity. Films were prepared through a casting
method using starch, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and varying concentrations of vanillin. These
indicator films were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. In this study,
degradation monitoring of chicken meat at 12 and 25°C was also performed. Subsequently, color
changes in the indicator films were observed over time, indicating meat spoilage. Results revealed
that films containing 0.05% and 0.1% vanillin concentrations exhibited more pronounced color
changes, indicating higher sensitivity to meat deterioration. Overall, the findings suggest that the
developed films, incorporating vanillin as a colorimetric indicator, hold promise for real-time
monitoring of food quality and safety within packaging systems, thus contributing to improved
consumer protection and product shelf life
Heteropoly acid catalysis in the valorization of bio-renewables : acetylation of 1,4-cineole and 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) in green solvents.
No full textIn this work, a novel synthesis of monoterpenic acetate esters potentially valuable as flavoring agents was developed. It involves the reactions of 1,4-cineole and 1,8-cineole with acetic anhydride giving the desired products in 80–88 % total yields. The process is performed under ambient conditions in green solvents such as methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate in the presence of acidic cesium salt of phosphotungstic acid, Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40, as an efficient solid acid catalyst. The catalyst is stable toward leaching in the reaction system and can be reused. The process produces mixtures of acetate esters with different flavor bouquets which can be used directly as ingredients in fragrance compositions without separating individual compounds
Liquid−liquid equilibrium of aqueous two-phase systems formed by nonionic surfactants (Triton X-100, Triton X-165, or Triton X-305), salts (NaNO3 or KNO3), and water at different temperatures.
No full textLiquid−liquid equilibrium data for aqueous twophase systems (ATPSs) formed by nonionic surfactants (Triton X100, Triton X-165, or Triton X-305), inorganic salts (NaNO3 or KNO3), and water were obtained at 298.2, 313.2, or 328.2 K. For all the ATPSs studied, the upper phase was rich in surfactant, while the lower phase was rich in salt. The biphasic region increased with increasing temperature, which was associated with the reduced hydration of the hydrophilic portion of the surfactant micelles at higher temperatures. The cation K+ induced phase segregation more efficiently than the cation Na+ , unlike the results usually reported in the literature for systems formed by polymers and salts based on the same cations. This result showed the dependence of the cation effect on the properties of the other component forming the system. The potential of phase segregation among the different surfactants was in the order Triton X-305 > Triton X-165 > Triton X-100, which was determined by the effect of molar mass overcoming the effect of hydrophobicity of the surfactant to determine the immiscibility region of the ATPS. The consistency of the equilibrium data was confirmed using the Bancroft and Othmer−Tobias correlations
Multivariate modeling and optimization of the reverse cationic flotation process of iron ore using depressant-modified starch.
No full textThe iron ore has low quality to be directly used in steel production. Reverse cation flotation is one of the most used processes in the separation of quartz and particles smaller than 0.150 mm, and, therefore, can be used in the production of pellet feed. This project aimed at the application of modeling and optimization of flotation pa- rameters (starch mass and time) to improve and enhance the separation and process conditions. The study of a starch-based depressant modified by different levels of temperature, starch mass, time, and mass of ammonium hydroxide, was conducted to reduce the surface tension of the water and with that, enhance the stability and formation of the nano and microbubbles. Both steps were modeled via the Central Composite Design (CCD) response surface array and the multivariate and multiobjective optimization using the Normal Boundary Inter- section (NBI) algorithm. The iron concentration was 77.83 % under the optimized conditions with only 0.33 % of SiO2 content
Sob a sombra da mineração : 3 artigos sobre os impactos econômicos e sociais do rompimento da barragem de Fundão em Mariana-MG (2015-2023).
No full textPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Economia Aplicada. Departamento de Ciências Econômicas e Gerenciais, Instituto de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.Esta dissertação aborda em três artigos o impacto socioeconômico do rompimento da Barragem de Fundão em Mariana/MG, destacando as consequências para as finanças públicas do município, o mercado de trabalho e a assistência social. O primeiro artigo analisa os impactos econômicos do rompimento da Barragem ocorrido em novembro de 2015. O foco está na avaliação dos efeitos do choque econômico sobre a atividade econômica local e as finanças públicas entre 2015 e 2019. A metodologia adotada envolve uma análise comparativa da evolução dos principais agregados de receitas e despesas orçamentárias do município, abrangendo os períodos pré-rompimento (2009-2015) e pós-rompimento (2015-2019). Os resultados indicam que, apesar dos significativos desafios econômicos e sociais gerados pelo desastre, o volume de arrecadação municipal permaneceu elevado ao longo do período analisado. O estudo destaca a capacidade do município de manter receitas robustas, mesmo com a redução nas atividades mineradoras e nas transferências relacionadas à Compensação Financeira pela Exploração de Recursos Minerais (CFEM). A análise conclui que, embora o município tenha enfrentado dificuldades, a estrutura fiscal existente permitiu uma continuidade nas receitas, revelando a complexidade e a necessidade de diversificação econômica para diminuir a dependência da mineração. Já o segundo artigo analisa os impactos no mercado de trabalho formal de Mariana entre 2012 e 2022. O estudo detalha as mudanças na estrutura e dinâmica do mercado de trabalho local, destacando como as atividades de reparação pós- desastre impulsionaram significativamente o mercado. A construção civil tornou-se o principal setor de contratações, refletindo um aumento considerável na demanda por trabalhadores, especialmente em projetos de reconstrução e infraestrutura. No entanto, setores como serviços e comércio enfrentaram desafios, com reduções perceptíveis em renda e emprego, evidenciando uma crescente dependência econômica da construção civil. O crescimento populacional, impulsionado pelas iniciativas de reparação, sobrecarregou os serviços públicos, como saúde e educação, criando uma demanda que superou a capacidade existente e gerou novas vulnerabilidades sociais. Por fim, o terceiro artigo investiga os impactos do rompimento da Barragem de Fundão sobre o Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS) em Mariana. O desastre de 2015 gerou uma série de desafios, exigindo uma reestruturação dos serviços para atender às necessidades emergenciais e de longo prazo da população afetada. O rompimento resultou no deslocamento de várias famílias, o que aumentou drasticamente a demanda por serviços socioassistenciais. O SUAS de Mariana enfrentou uma sobrecarga significativa, com um crescimento tanto nos atendimentos de Proteção Social Básica quanto na Proteção Social Especial. Este aumento foi impulsionado pelo processo de reassentamento das comunidades atingidas, que exigiu respostas rápidas e coordenadas para garantir a proteção social das famílias deslocadas. A análise destaca a insuficiência de recursos humanos e financeiros, mesmo com a suplementação de equipes técnicas através de ações judiciais. O estudo revela uma mudança no perfil das demandas atendidas, com uma possível priorização de atendimentos pontuais e emergenciais devido à sobrecarga das equipes. O artigo conclui que, apesar dos esforços significativos para mitigar os impactos do desastre, os efeitos sociais e econômicos ainda persistem em Mariana.This dissertation explores the socioeconomic impact of the Fundão Dam collapse in Mariana/MG through three articles, emphasizing the consequences for the municipality's public finances, labor market, and social assistance. The first article examines the economic impacts of the dam collapse, which occurred in November 2015. It focuses on assessing the economic shock's effects on local economic activity and public finances from 2015 to 2019. The adopted methodology involves a comparative analysis of the evolution of the municipality's main revenue and expenditure aggregates, covering the periods before (2009-2015) and after the collapse (2015-2019). The findings indicate that despite the significant economic and social challenges posed by the disaster, the volume of municipal revenue remained high during the analyzed period. The study highlights the municipality's ability to maintain robust revenues, even with a reduction in mining activities and in transfers related to the Financial Compensation for the Exploitation of Mineral Resources (CFEM). The analysis concludes that although the municipality faced difficulties, the existing fiscal structure allowed for revenue continuity, revealing the complexity and the need for economic diversification to reduce dependence on mining. The second article analyzes the impacts on Mariana's formal labor market from 2012 to 2022. The study details changes in the local labor market's structure and dynamics, highlighting how post-disaster repair activities significantly boosted the market. Construction emerged as the main hiring sector, reflecting a considerable increase in demand for workers, especially in reconstruction and infrastructure projects. However, sectors such as services and commerce faced challenges, with perceptible reductions in income and employment, evidencing an increasing economic dependence on construction. Population growth, driven by repair initiatives, overwhelmed public services like health and education, creating a demand that exceeded existing capacity and generated new social vulnerabilities. Finally, the third article investigates the impacts of the Fundão Dam collapse on the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS) in Mariana. The 2015 disaster created a series of challenges, necessitating the restructuring of services to meet the emergency and long-term needs of the affected population. The collapse led to the displacement of several families, dramatically increasing the demand for social assistance services. Mariana's SUAS faced significant overload, with growth in both Basic Social Protection and Special Social Protection services. This increase was driven by the resettlement process of affected communities, requiring rapid and coordinated responses to ensure the social protection of displaced families. The analysis highlights the insufficiency of human and financial resources, even with technical team supplementation through legal actions. The study reveals a shift in the profile of attended demands, with a possible prioritization of immediate and emergency assistance due to team overload. The article concludes that, despite significant efforts to mitigate the impacts of the disaster, the social and economic effects still persist in Mariana