19341 research outputs found
Sort by
Initialtraining, permanence andteacher attractiveness : a state of knowledge through the database of theses and dissertations (BDTD).
No full textEste artigo aborda sobre um estado de conhecimento em pesquisas vinculadas a formação inicial de professores enfocando a permanência e atratividade da carreira docente. É um estudo analítico-descritivo baseado na análise de teses e dissertações defendidas em programas de pós-graduação depositadas na Base de Dados de Teses e Dissertações do IBICT. Emergiram ao longo das análises as categorias: atratividade da carreira docente, motivação e expectativa para a carreira, escolha profissional e permanência e o abandono da profissão docente assim como a formação e permanência docente. Dos textos analisados verificamos pouco interesse dos pesquisadores sobre a temática e uma maior tendência deles em trabalhar com a abordagem qualitativa e com o predomínio de duas ou mais técnicas de construção de dados. Os resultados demonstram que na realidade moçambicana não foi encontrado nenhum trabalho sobre a temática e na realidade brasileira poucos foram os que se dedicaram ao tema.This article deals with the state of knowledge in research linked to initial teacher training, focussing on the permanence and attractiveness of teaching careers. It is an analytical-descriptive study based on the analysis of theses and dissertations defended in postgraduate programmes deposited in the IBICT Theses and Dissertations Database. Throughout the analyses, the following categories emerged: attractiveness of the teaching career, motivation and expectations for the career, professional choice and permanence and abandonment of the teaching profession, as well as teacher training and permanence. From the texts analysed, we found little interest among researchers in the subject and a greater tendency for them to work with a qualitative approach and with a predominance of two or more data construction techniques. The results show that no work on the subject was found in the Mozambican reality, and in the Brazilian reality there have been few studies on the subject
Multi-objective mammography unit location–allocation problem : a case study.
No full textThis work addresses the Multi-Objective Mammography Unit Location–allocation Problem (MOMULAP), aiming to meet three objectives: maximize mammography screening coverage, minimize the total distance traveled weighted by the number of users, and maximize equity in access to mammography screening. We introduce a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation to represent the MOMULAP and algorithms based on the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA2) for treating it. The algorithms were tested with data from seven Brazilian states. In these states, the number of cities ranges from 139 to 853, equipment from 23 to 347 units, and estimated annual demand for screenings from 96,592 to 1,739,085. The solutions provided by this work allow health managers to choose the appropriate location and allocation of the mammography units, considering different objectives
Spontaneous self-aggregation of bilirubin in water induced by non-covalent forces.
No full textUnconjugated bilirubin (UCB) accumulation in the blood causes several diseases, such as jaundice, and most studies in the literature focus on settling these problems. However, its yellow-orange colour, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and other properties have stimulated recent research to investigate this natural pigment for medical applications. Despite its polar groups, bilirubin is insoluble in water. Herein, we discuss the self-aggregation of UCB in water to understand its collective interactions employing molecular dynamics simulations. Starting from a random distribution of UCB molecules, we observed small clusters forming in a short simulation time. After that, they merged to form a single spherical aggregate. We attributed this behaviour to the preferential interactions between acid and basic groups of UCB through intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The electrostatic contribution between UCBs in aggregate is 150 kJ⋅mol−1, smaller than the UCB dispersed in water. Consequently, the contact between water and UCB was three times lower. Furthermore, we found that the central methylenes that bind the UCB dipyrrinones moieties are distributed in the nanoaggregate, like regular concentric layers, with a radius of 0.42 nm
Pisa nesse chão devagarinho - memória e resistência dos grupos de congado e mocambique de ouro preto (2003-2023).
No full textA presente dissertação, realizada por meio de pesquisa etnográfica, escuta ativa e observação participante é fruto de dois anos de investigação da minha própria vivência enquanto Congadeira, Reinadeira, cantante, dançante e auxiliar do Guardião do Trono Coroado do Reinado de Ouro Preto/MG. Aqui apresento um panorama de como se deu a resistência, ressurgência e preservação das memórias dos Grupos de Congado e Moçambique de Ouro Preto nos últimos vinte anos, fazendo um recorte temporal de 2003 a 2023. Manifestações seculares da cultura e da religiosidade negras em Ouro Preto, o Congados e Moçambique são provas incontestes da resistência africana e afrodiaspórica presente nos saberes, fazeres, costumes e celebrações destes grupos no supracitado município fazem desse processo de retomada e reorganização de suas ações no momento também de estabelecer novas redes de relações e de manutenção de suas práticas religiosas, culturais e sociais, que ao longo dessa pesquisa também serão apresentadas.This dissertation carried out through ethnographic research, active listening and participant observation, is the result of two years of investigation into my own experience as a Congadeira, Reinadeira, singer, dancer and assistant to the Guardian of the Crowned Throne of the Reinado of Ouro Preto/MG. Here I present an overview of how the resistance, resurgence and preservation of the memories of the Congado and Mozambique Groups of Ouro Preto took place over the last twenty years, taking a time frame from 2003 to 2023. Secular manifestations of black culture and religiosity in Ouro Preto , Congados and Mozambique are indisputable proof of the African and Afro-diasporic resistance present in the knowledge, practices, customs and celebrations of these groups in the aforementioned municipality, making this process of resumption and reorganization of their actions also a time of establishing new networks of relationships and maintaining their religious, cultural and social practices, which will also be presented throughout this research
‘Suddenly, everything shut down’ : care network for homeless population in the COVID-19 pandemic.
No full textA pandemia de covid-19 se impôs de modo mais agudo e dramático aos grupos políticos e socialmente mais vulnerabilizados, como a População em Situação de Rua (PSR). A literatura sobre as respostas às demandas de saúde e de assistência social dos mais vulnerabilizados, durante a pandemia, ainda é escassa. Neste artigo, descreve-se a rede de cuidado à PSR, considerando os caminhos formalmente instituídos e aqueles produzidos durante a pandemia de covid-19, no município de Belo Horizonte. Para tanto, realizaram-se análise documental, visitas técnicas a serviços assistenciais, entrevistas em profundidade e grupos focais com atores que compõem a rede de cuidado. Os resultados mostraram que a rede é composta por quatro componentes com interseções: pela rede da saúde, da assistência social, da Pastoral Nacional do Povo da Rua (sociedade civil organizada) e a rede criada para cuidado de sintomáticos respiratórios. As mudanças de fluxos impostas pela pandemia repercutiram em dificuldades no acesso aos serviços de cuidado da PSR. Contudo, observou-se a potencialidade para a oferta da integralidade do cuidado, mediante articulações realizadas na pandemia entre a saúde, a assistência social e a sociedade civil organizada.The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed itself in a acutely and dramatically way, particularly on politically and socially vulnerable groups, such as the homeless population (HP). The literature on health emergency and response and social care needs of the most vulnerable during the pandemic is scarce. This article describes the network of care for HP, including formally instituted pathways of care and those produced during the pandemic of COVID-19, in the city of Belo Horizonte. The methodological path used documentary analysis, technical visits to care services, in-depth interviews and focus groups with the care network stakeholders. The results showed that the network is composed of four components with intersections: the health network, the social care network, the ‘National Pastoral Care of the Homeless People’ (non-governmental organization) and the network created to care for people with respiratory symptoms. The workflow changes imposed by the pandemic resulted in access barriers in different centers offering care for HP. However, it was observed the potentiality of the integral care offer, through the connections built during the pandemic between health, social care, and the non-governmental organizations
Conhecimentos sobre frações, próprios da matemática escolar, mobilizados por professoras dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental de Muriaé (MG) em uma ação afirmativa.
No full textPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Educação. Departamento de Educação, Instituto de Ciências Humanas Sociais, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.A presente pesquisa se propôs a identificar conhecimentos sobre frações, próprios da matemática escolar mobilizados por docentes dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental em uma ação formativa. Desenvolveu-se este estudo com cinco professoras de escolas públicas de Muriaé (MG). A pesquisadora é uma dessas docentes. O estudo pertence à Linha 1, Formação de Professores, Políticas Educacionais e História da Educação, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Nesta pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, a coleta de informações e a produção de dados se deu por meio de observações dos encontros anotadas no diário de campo da pesquisadora e subsidiadas por gravações em áudio e vídeo deles, bem como por registros produzidos pelas participantes ao longo da ação formativa. Paralelamente, desenvolveu-se um processo de autoformação, no qual a pesquisadora, professora dos anos iniciais, também se constituiu profissionalmente enquanto preparava e desenvolvia os encontros, compartilhando seus saberes e dúvidas com as colegas, bem como após esses momentos, ao refletir sobre o processo. A pesquisa fundamentou-se na noção de matemática escolar de Moreira e David (2011, 2021), bem como nos estudos de Llinares e Sánchez (1988) acerca do ensino e da aprendizagem de frações na Educação Básica. Os resultados corroboraram o que a literatura evidencia há décadas: a formação matemática (inicial e continuada) proporcionada aos professores que atuam nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental não os prepara apropriadamente para ensinar frações. Contudo, também se verificou que é possível mobilizar conhecimentos matemáticos requeridos pela prática docente enquanto os professores se engajam na proposta e as tarefas são planejadas e desenvolvidas em uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento profissional. A análise evidenciou que, para mobilizar conhecimentos sobre frações, próprios da matemática escolar, é necessário que os docentes disponham de conhecimentos comuns do conteúdo no sentido proposto por Ball et al. (2008). As professoras mobilizaram conhecimentos relativos a: representações das frações (com desenhos, representação verbal falada, representação com números, forma simbólica etc.); frações unitárias; frações impróprias; frações mistas (ou número misto); interpretações da fração; equivalência de frações; comparação de frações; adição e/ou subtração de frações. Paralelamente, observaram-se indícios de mobilização de conhecimentos sobre frações, próprios da matemática escolar, tais como os relacionados à interpretação de erros e dificuldades manifestados por crianças, à elaboração e análise de tarefas. Os resultados contribuíram para a compreensão do processo de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento profissional de professores dos anos iniciais, bem como lançaram luz sobre a importância de promover uma formação (inicial e continuada) matemática, na perspectiva da matemática escolar, de tais profissionais. Além disso, aportaram relevantes reflexões acerca do potencial da autoformação e do grupo enquanto espaços de desenvolvimento profissional. Especialmente, de grupos no qual a participação é voluntária, movida por interesses comuns e pautada no respeito mútuo e na realização de tarefas cuidadosamente elaboradas.The objective of this research is to elucidate the understanding of mathematics fractional concepts within the domain of elementary school, as employed by teachers during a training intervention in the early years of primary education. This study was conducted in collaboration with five educators from public schools in Muriaé, Minas Gerais, including the researcher who is one of the participating teachers. The research falls within Line 1 of the Postgraduate Program in Education at the Federal University of Ouro Preto, focusing on Teacher Training, Educational Policies, and the History of Education. In the context of this qualitative research, data collection and generation involved observing meetings documented in the researcher's field diary. This process was complemented by audio and video recordings of these meetings, along with records produced by participants during the formative action interviews. Simultaneously, a self-education journey unfolded, wherein the researcher, serving as an early years teacher, underwent professional development while meticulously planning and conducting meetings. Throughout this process, she actively engaged with colleagues, sharing her insights and uncertainties. This reflective learning continued beyond the meeting sessions, fostering a continual refinement of her professional identity. This study drew inspiration from Moreira and David (2011, 2021) conceptualization of school mathematics and also incorporated insights from the work of Llinares and Sánchez (1988) on the pedagogy of teaching and learning fractions in Basic Education. The findings aligned with the long-standing consensus in the literature, revealing that the mathematical training, both initial and ongoing, imparted to teachers in the early years of Elementary School, falls short in adequately equipping them for effective instruction in fractions. Nevertheless, the study revealed that teachers can effectively harness the requisite mathematical knowledge essential for teaching when actively participating in proposed educational strategies and when tasks are meticulously planned and executed within the framework of professional development. The analysis underscored the significance of teachers possessing shared content knowledge, as conceptualized by Ball et al. (2008), particularly when it comes to mobilizing a deep understanding of fraction-related concepts within the context of school mathematics. The educators adeptly employed a spectrum of knowledge encompassing various facets of fractions, including representations through drawings, verbal articulation, numerical symbols, and symbolic forms. Their proficiency extended to concepts such as unit fractions, improper fractions, mixed fractions (or mixed numbers), diverse interpretations of fractions, equivalence of fractions, and the comparison as well as the arithmetic operations of addition and/or subtraction involving fractions. Simultaneously, discernible indications of the mobilization of school mathematics-specific knowledge about fractions were noted. This included the ability to interpret errors and difficulties articulated by students and the adept preparation of task analyses. The findings enriched our comprehension of the learning trajectory and professional growth of early years educators. They also highlighted the pivotal role of fostering both initial and ongoing mathematical training, viewed through the lens of school mathematics, for these professionals. Additionally, relevant reflections were provided regarding the potential of self-training and group dynamics as spaces for professional development. Especially, of groups in which participation is voluntary, driven by common interests, and guided by mutual respect and the completion of carefully crafted tasks
Evaluating the use of pyrolyzed agricultural residue in coal blend for cokemaking.
No full textThe steel sector faces a signifcant challenge in decarbonizing its processes. It is not an easy task since 70% of steel production comes from the Blast Furnace/BOF route using coke as the main reducer, fuel from a fossil and non-renewable source. One of the short-term highlighted alternatives is the use of biomass, but inserting this material in the production of coke is not trivial. Numerous studies involving sawdust, charcoal, and wood residues demonstrate that any introduction of biomass to the coal blend leads to a decrease in coke quality. Nevertheless, the majority indicate that a 2% biomass addition does not signifcantly impact in coke quality. Despite its promise, biomass utilization is constrained by limited availability, particularly for extensively researched biomass sources. This article aims to comprehensively characterize agribusiness residues as alternative biomass materials for metallurgical coke production, thereby enhancing biomass supply to the steel industry. The characterization includes coke samples produced with varying proportions of sugarcane bagasse, maize residues, cofee husks, and eucalyptus husks following the pyrolysis process. It is observed that pyrolysis is essential for optimizing biomass compatibility with the coking process by reducing volatile content and reactivity. Additionally, microstructural analysis reveals increased coke porosity upon biomass addition, attributed to the inherent porosity of the biomass, subsequently elevating the coke reactivity index (CRI). Despite this, the use of some agriculture residues, in amounts of 2%, there is the drop in DI (Drum Index) of 2% and an increase in CRI of 3%
Evaluation of the perspective of pharmacists on antimicrobial stewardship and the barriers to its consolidation in hospitals : a cross‑sectional study.
No full textAntimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) are associated with positive outcomes, but seem to be consolidated in few hospitals. This study aimed to evaluate ASPs in Brazilian hospitals and the barriers to their consolidation from the pharmacists’ perspective. This is a cross-sectional study. Data were collected through an online questionnaire applied to hospital pharmacists. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and Spearman's ordinal correlation test. A total of 83 pharmacists participated in the study and 45.8% stated that the hospital in which they worked had an ASP. The ASPs were predominantly implemented in public hospitals, with a greater number of beds in the intensive care unit and beds in general. The main barriers to the consolidation of ASPs were: reduced number of pharmacists, time allocated to other demands of the pharmacy, the ineffectiveness of the communication process with doctors, and lack of access to reliable information about antimicrobials in the hospital. Pharmacists that work in hospitals where ASPs were implemented were more confident
(p = 0.000) and with a better perception of the barriers that prevent their consolidation (p = 0.003. The ASP was commonly adopted in public hospitals with a greater number of beds. The main obstacles to consolidation were infrastructure, economic, and educational resources
The impact of high-fat diet consumption and inulin fiber supplementation on anxiety-related behaviors and liver oxidative status in female Wistar rats.
No full textBackground: Obesity is a worldwide public health problem associated with cognitive and mental health problems in both humans and rats. Studies assessing the effect of fiber supplementation on behavioral deficits and oxidative stress caused by high-fat diet (HFD) consumption in female rats are still scarce. We hypothesized that HFD consumption would lead to anxiety-related behavior and hepatic oxidative stress and that inulin would protect against these changes. We analyzed the impact of HFD-induced obesity combined with fiber supplementation (inulin) on anxiety-related defensive behavior and hepatic oxidative stress.
Results: Female rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 45 %) for nine weeks to induce obesity. The administration of inulin was found to decrease the adiposity index in both the control and obese groups. The consumption of a HFD combined with inulin supplementation resulted in a reduction in both CAT activity and carbonylated protein levels, leading to a shift in the hepatic redox balance. Interestingly, the behavioral data were conflicting. Specifically, animals that consumed a high-fat diet and received inulin showed signs of impaired learning and memory caused by obesity. The HFD did not impact anxiety-related behaviors in the female rats. However, inulin appears to have an anxiolytic effect, in the ETM, when associated with the HFD. On the other hand, inulin appears to have affected the locomotor activity in the HFD in both open field and light-dark box.
Conclusion: Our results show that consumption of a HFD induced obesity in female rats, similar to males. However, HFD consumption did not cause a consistent increase in anxiety-related behaviors in female Wistar rats. Treatment with inulin at the dosage used did not exert consistent changes on the behavior of the animals, but attenuated the abdominal WAT expansion and the hepatic redox imbalance elicited by high-fat diet-induced obesity
Multidimensional profile of young judoka medalists at school level.
No full textO objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar as características antropométricas, físico-motoras, psicossociais, maturacionais e de avaliação do treinador entre jovens judocas medalhistas e não medalhistas. Participaram do estudo 60 judocas do sexo masculino, alunos do Colégio Militar de Juiz de Fora (CMJF) que participaram dos Jogos da Amizade – competição escolar de nível nacional. Os atletas foram submetidos a uma bateria de testes multidimensional, proposta pelo Projeto Atletas de Ouro®, para medida do tamanho e composição corporal, força, velocidade, resistência e flexibilidade, habilidades psicológicas, experiência esportiva e maturação biológica. Os professores de Educação Física avaliaram os atletas quanto aos aspectos intangíveis do potencial esportivo e a expectativa de sucesso futuro. Os judocas medalhistas tiveram maior desempenho no handgrip (40,5±7,6 vs. 34,9±11,4; p=0,05), no teste de arremesso de medicine ball (5,7±0,9 vs. 4,9±1,2; p=0,03) e foram mais rápidos no teste de velocidade de 20m (3,3±0,2 vs. 3,5±0,4; p=0,02). Além disso, os medalhistas tinham maior tempo de prática (7,4±3,9 vs. 4,3±2,9; p=0,005) e apresentaram maiores habilidades de coping (15,5±2,7 vs. 12,2±2,9; p=0,001), competência percebida (8,6±1,4 vs. 6,8±1,5; p<0,001) e orientação motivacional – competitivo (4,6±0,6 vs. 4,0±0,6; p=0,02). Conclui-se que jovens judocas medalhistas do sexo masculino de nível escolar apresentam maior desempenho físico-motor, maior nível de habilidades psicológicas e maior tempo de prática comparado aos não medalhistas.The aim of this study was to compare the anthropometric, physical-motor, psychosocial, maturational
and coach assessment characteristics of young judokas who won and did not win medals. Sixty male judokas from the Military College of Juiz de Fora (MCJF) who participated in the Friendship Games – a national school competition – participated in the study. The athletes underwent a battery of multidimensional tests, proposed by the Golden Athletes Project®, to measure body size and composition, strength, speed, endurance and flexibility, psychological skills, sports experience and biological maturation. Physical Education teachers evaluated the athletes regarding the intangible aspects of their sports potential and their expectations for future success. The medal-winning judokas had better performance in the handgrip (40.5±7.6 vs. 34.9±11.4; p=0.05), in the medicine ball throwing test (5.7±0.9 vs. 4.9±1.2; p=0.03) and were faster in the 20m speed test (3.3±0.2 vs. 3.5±0.4; p=0.02). Furthermore, medalists had longer practice time (7.4±3.9 vs. 4.3±2.9; p=0.005) and presented greater coping skills (15.5±2.7 vs. 12.2±2.9; p=0.001), perceived competence (8.6±1.4 vs. 6.8±1.5; p<0.001) and motivational orientation – competitive (4.6±0.6 vs. 4.0±0.6; p=0.02). It is concluded that young male medalist judokas at school level present higher physical-motor performance, higher level of psychological skills and longer practice time compared to non-medalists