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Towards FAIR metadata for specialised corpora: a community-informed empirical study of schema development in two communities
No full textThis paper investigates the development of domain-specific metadata schemata to support FAIR data management within specialised research communities. We report on the communityinformed creation of the Core Metadata Schema for Learner Corpora (LC-meta) initiative and the metadata schema developed for interpreting corpora within the Unified Interpreting Corpus (UNIC) project. We address how metadata are described and standardised, as well as the principles for schema design and the technical implementation of metadata frameworks. Our findings underline the importance of stakeholder involvement, iterative design, domain-oriented approaches to metadata standardisation, and a demand for technical support
Transcriptomics of autoimmune diseases identifies FGFR1 as a target for pancreatic β-cell protection
No full textAutoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), are often studied from an immune perspective with less focus on the target tissue responses. Target tissues, however, are key to disease and engage in a harmful crosstalk with the immune system contributing to their own destruction. We presently integrated transcriptomic data from the target tissues of six autoimmune/inflammatory diseases affecting β-cells (T1D and type 2 diabetes), thyroid (HT), brain (multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease) or the joints (rheumatoid arthritis), using both bulk and single-cell/nucleus RNA-sequencing (sc/snRNA-seq) approaches. Common upregulated pathways were associated with innate/adaptive immunity, antigen presentation and interferon (IFN) signaling. The role of IFNs was confirmed by RNA-seq in human insulin-producing EndoC-βH1 cells and stem cell-derived thyroid follicle cells exposed to IFNα or IFNγ. Commonly upregulated inflammatory gene signatures were explored, and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors emerged as a potential strategy to counteract these inflammatory transcriptional signatures. The effects of the FGFR1 inhibitor PD173074 on IFN-induced immune related genes were evaluated in EndoC-βH1 cells, stem cell-derived islets and adult human islets. We validated the FGFR inhibitor PD173074 as a promising drug for preserving expression of β-cell protective genes (PDL1 and HLA-E) while reducing HLA class I expression and β-cell recognition by diabetogenic pre-proinsulin-specific CD8+ T-cells. In conclusion, we integrated transcriptomic data from the target tissues of autoimmune and inflammatory/degenerative diseases and departing from these data identified the potential beneficial effects of FGFR inhibitors in T1D
Collective actors in the green transition
No full textCette contribution présente les prérogatives juridiques des travailleurs pour peser sur le devenir écologique de leur activité professionnelle, à la fois au niveau de la concertation sociale dans l'entreprise et dans le cadre de la négociation collective (convention collective de travail et droit de grève). Il s'agit d'une analyse comparée de plusieurs pays européens
Academic Human Capital in European Countries and Regions, 1200-1793
No full textWe present new annual time-series data on academic human capital across Europe from 1200 to 1793, constructed by aggregating individual-level measures at three geographic scales: cities, present-day countries (as of 2025), and historically informed macro-regions. Individual human capital is derived from a composite index of publication outcomes, based on data from the Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae (RETE) database. The macro-regional classifications are designed to reflect historically coherent entities, offering a more relevant perspective than modern national boundaries. This framework allows us to document key patterns, including the Little Divergence in academic human capital between Northern and Southern Europe, the effect of the Black Death and the Thirty Years' War on academic human capital, the respective contributions of academies and universities, regional inequality within the Holy Roman Empire, and the distinctiveness of the Scottish Enlightenment
Letter to the editor: "Risk factors associated with acute kidney injury in patients with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
No full textTranscription factors form a ternary complex with NIPBL/MAU2 to localize cohesin at enhancers.
No full textWhile the cohesin complex is a key player in genome architecture, how it localizes to specific chromatin sites is not understood. Recently, we and others have proposed that direct interactions with transcription factors lead to the localization of the cohesin-loader complex (NIPBL/MAU2) within enhancers. Here, we identify two clusters of LxxLL motifs within the NIPBL sequence that regulate NIPBL dynamics, interactome, and NIPBL-dependent transcriptional programs. One of these clusters interacts with MAU2 and is necessary for the maintenance of the NIPBL-MAU2 heterodimer. The second cluster binds specifically to the ligand-binding domains of steroid receptors. For the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), we examine in detail its interaction surfaces with NIPBL and MAU2. Using AlphaFold2 and molecular docking algorithms, we uncover a GR-NIPBL-MAU2 ternary complex and describe its importance in GR-dependent gene regulation. Finally, we show that multiple transcription factors interact with NIPBL-MAU2, likely using interfaces other than those characterized for GR
Les pratiques enseignantes et l'activité de l’apprenant : au coeur de la recherche en didactique du français. Grand témoignage
No full textInfluence of roughness and subsurface porosity on the fatigue life of AlSi10Mg produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
No full textPorosity and poor surface quality are critical defects in Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) that significantly impact mechanical performance, particularly under cyclic loading. To enhance fatigue resistance without relying on time-consuming post-processing, process optimization is essential. This study investigates the influence of roughness and subsurface porosity on the fatigue behavior of net-shaped, vertically built AlSi10Mg samples by tailoring contour parameters. Three sample sets were intentionally produced: (i) with a rough surface, (ii) with a smooth surface, and (iii) with a smooth surface and subsurface keyhole pores. Each set was evaluated in different conditions: as-built, mirror-polished, and sandblasted. Results show that optimizing contour strategies improves fatigue life but remains insufficient on its own. Post-processing, particularly sandblasting, significantly enhances fatigue performance. Surprisingly, subsurface keyhole pores do not appear to be as detrimental as surface roughness in fatigue failure. However, lack-of-fusion defects, when present near the surface, are critical stress concentrators and can drastically reduce fatigue life. These findings emphasize the critical role of surface state in fatigue behavior and provide insights for L-PBF process optimization in high-performance applications
A collection of field-based indicators for assessing ecosystem services in crop fields
No full textThe transition from intensive crop production to more sustainable practices, such as ecologically intensive cropping systems, requires precise, field-based assessments of Ecosystem Services (ES). These assessments depend on selecting appropriate indicators that can measure the supply of ES directly within crop fields. Despite the growing recognition of the ES role in sustainable agriculture, comprehensive lists of field-applicable indicators remain scarce. To address this gap, we present and discuss a collection of 128 indicators for assessing provisioning and regulating ES in cropping systems, specifically designed for in situ, empirical measurements. The collection aims to support researchers and practitioners in selecting context-specific indicators that enhance site-specific knowledge for developing sustainable cropping systems. It was derived from an exhaustive previously published list, which included 507 indicators applicable across various ecosystem types and linked to various data collection methods. We filtered that exhaustive list using three criteria: applicability to crop fields, level in the ES cascade model (including ecosystem property, ecosystem function and human benefit, but excluding value and adding and including a new level of dis-service) and method of data collection (including field observation and remote sensing, but excluding all indirect methods). In the resulting dataset, including 128 indicators, we analysed the distribution of indicators across the different ES, cascade levels and methods of data collection to identify potential gaps in indicator availability that could hinder comprehensive assessments of the ES provided in crop fields. This analysis highlighted significant disparities in indicator distribution, notably concerning the levels of ES cascade quantifiables, as a vast majority of indicators for regulating ES quantify ecological properties or functions, while most indicators for provisioning ES quantify human benefits. We also identified a lack of indicators for air quality regulation, life cycle maintenance and water provision and, in contrast, a multiplicity of indicators employed for soil quality regulation and pollination. We discuss the reasons and consequences of these disparities and we underscore the importance of staying alert to emerging indicators driven by recent research trends and technological advancements, such as remote sensing
In business with the Apprentice Multiple Business GEnRes (AMBER) corpus
No full textBusiness texts represent a wide variety of genres, which tend to be identified on the basis of communicative purpose(s) and situation(s) (Bhatia 1993, Koester 2010). A broad distinction (Nelson 2000) can be made between genres used to do business and communicate to get work done within the framework of companies’/organisations’ activities (e.g. business meetings, social media posts) and genres not issued by companies/organisations that are used to talk or write about business (e.g. news articles about the world of business, business studies lectures). An examination of the Learner Corpora around the World webpage (https://uclouvain.be/en/research-institutes/ilc/cecl/learner-corpora-around-the-world.html) reveals that learner corpora which specifically target business communication by L2 learners are very much few and far between and tend to include only one or two genres (e.g. Connor et al. 2002). In addition, existing corpora are rarely readily accessible to the research community or provide no or very limited information about the learners (e.g. Allan 2018). To fill this gap in learner corpus research, this paper sets out to introduce the recently launched Apprentice Multiple Business GEnRes (AMBER) corpus and to further develop the AMBER network of partners. The paper aims (1) to explain the rationale behind this new multi-L1 apprentice computerised corpus collection project (e.g. providing a strong empirical basis to investigate genre awareness and knowledge among novice users of business genres) and (2) to outline the main corpus design criteria with a specific focus on the ‘apprentices’ targeted (i.e. novices at professional business communication genres, typically students; predominantly but not limited to L2 learners) and on the business genres included (e.g. press releases, LinkedIn summaries, cover letters, tourist brochures). Information about the core metadata recorded (following Paquot et al.’s 2024 Core Metadata Schema) is also provided (e.g. degree scheme, genre training, language(s) of instruction, L1(s), writing anxiety; detailed task instructions). The paper is rounded off by discussing the main takeaways from the AMBER pilot data collection