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Décrypter l'expression linguistiques et la représentation textuelle dans les sources du droit.
No full textCet article propose la représentation textuelle comme concept de recherche sur la capacité juridique des femmes, en plaçant au centre de l’étude la façon dont le langage est utilisé (tant dans le discours explicite que dans la signification de termes usités). Dans cette hypothèse, un élément majeur de la réelle capacité juridique des femmes réside dans le vécu des attitudes/préjugés auxquelles elles sont confrontées. Ce sont autant ces attitudes que les dispositions des textes normatifs qui contraignent leur capacité d’agir. Afin de parvenir à une meilleure compréhension générale, il est nécessaire d’aller au-delà du cadre normatif des sources juridiques, administratives et judiciaires. Il s’agit de les examiner au regard des significations sociolinguistiques utilisées pour réglementer le statut juridique des femmes et leur capacité juridique
Assessing EFL Learners’ Phraseological Competence through Association Measures: The Role of Register in Reference Corpus Selection
No full textAssociation measures, such as Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI), have been widely used in learner corpus research to explore learners' phraseological competence (Paquot & Granger, 2012). By calculating PMI against a reference corpus, researchers can quantify the strength of word co-occurrences, providing insights into the extent to which learners produce native-like phraseological patterns (Ellis et al., 2008; Granger & Bestgen, 2014; Paquot, 2019). PMI has been widely validated as a reliable indicator of L2 proficiency in both writing and speaking. Research has shown that lower-proficiency learners tend to rely on word-by-word composition, leading to weaker collocational strength, whereas more advanced learners produce stronger associations, reflecting an increasing level of phraseological competence (Bestgen, 2017; Bestgen & Granger, 2014; Durrant & Schmitt, 2009; Garner et al., 2019; 2020; Uchihara et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2023). Despite its robustness, the effectiveness of PMI as a measure of collocational strength is contingent upon the reference corpora used (Gablasova et al., 2017; Paquot & Naets, 2017). Ideally, the reference corpus should maintain a high degree of comparability with the learner corpus regarding contextual relevance and usage. However, many studies utilize general corpora such as the BNC and COCA, which encompass diverse registers but may not adequately reflect the specific contexts relevant to L2 production (Bestgen, 2017; Bestgen & Granger, 2014; Paquot et al., 2022), and they may also rely on genre-specific corpora that raise significant questions about comparability across different contexts (Durrant & Schmitt, 2009; Paquot, 2019). This complexity emphasizes the critical need for carefully selected reference corpora that authentically represent the contexts of learner output. Thus, understanding how reference corpus selection affects PMI calculations is pivotal for accurately assessing phraseological competence. In light of these considerations, this study investigates how the characteristics of reference corpora affect the calculation of PMI scores for word combinations in EFL learners' oral production. The research is guided by two key questions: 1) How does the register of the reference corpus influence PMI-based measures of collocational strength in EFL learners’ oral production? 2) How do differences in PMI scores resulting from reference corpora representing different registers impact the assessment of phraseological competence in EFL learners?? Utilizing a corpus of oral performances from 90 test-takers (CEFR levels A2-C2) on a TEM 8 Oral Test commentary task, this study calculated PMI scores for word combinations in direct objects (dobj) grammatical relation. The reference corpora—COCA Academic, COCA Newspaper, and COCA Spoken—were chosen to align with different communicative purposes relevant to learners’ language use. Given that the dataset consists of university students’ oral commentaries on social issues, these corpora capture key register features: the spoken mode (COCA Spoken), argumentative and expository discourse in public communication (COCA Newspaper), and formal academic discussion (COCA Academic). This selection ensures a nuanced analysis of how phraseological competence varies across registers and communicative contexts. Preliminary findings reveal that assessments of collocation use vary depending on the reference corpus selected, revealing how corpus choice influences the evaluation of phraseological competence. More importantly, PMI scores calculated from the three different reference corpora reveal distinct aspects of phraseological competence in L2 oral production, particularly by emphasizing different types of phraseological units (e.g., general vs. academic collocations) and register-specific preferences. The findings underscore the critical necessity of meticulously selecting reference corpora that authentically represent the context of learners' output in order to accurately and effectively assess phraseological competence
CEO retirement and Cost Stickiness
No full textCost stickiness is a crucial concern in accounting research. Prior research sheds light on how cost asymmetry is shaped by managerial decisions in adjusting resources either for value maximization or self-interest. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the degree of cost stickiness and intentional resource adjustments made by Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) approaching retirement age. Based on a sample of United States firms between 1993 and 2019, our findings indicate that CEOs approaching retirement tend to reduce their selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses in response to declining sales. This effect is more pronounced when motivating and monitoring mechanisms are weaker. We also explore the influence of cultural differences on corporate decision making and find that the reduction in SG&A costs is more substantial among CEOs coming from countries with a stronger future oriented language. We conduct additional analyses to address endogeneity concerns and to check the robustness of our main findings
Construire une protection sociale-écologique pour la Belgique. Rapport pour le SPF sécurité sociale. Bruxelles: Janvier 2025
No full textFace à la montée des risques sociaux-écologiques – qu’ils soient liés aux bouleversements biophysiques ou aux transitions socio-techniques – ce rapport propose un nouveau cadre pour penser et institutionnaliser une « protection sociale-écologique » en Belgique. Il s’appuie sur une matrice originale du risque social-écologique, qui distingue clairement le risque de transformation biophysique (inondations, canicules, pandémies…) du risque de transition socio-technique (effets sociaux des politiques climatiques). Le rapport identifie les vulnérabilités sociales et institutionnelles, les besoins fondamentaux menacés, et formule des recommandations concrètes. Il appelle à une refonte participative, universelle et intégrée de la protection sociale, fondée sur les droits fondamentaux, des services publics de base, une gouvernance multi-niveaux et des stratégies d’investissement social-écologique. Il promeut également la reconnaissance d’un nouveau droit à la reconversion, à la formation et à des revenus de transition pour soutenir une transition juste et durable.This report introduces a framework for building eco-social protection in Belgium in response to growing socio-ecological risks stemming from biophysical changes and socio-technical transitions. It is based on an original matrix of socio-ecological risks, which distinguishes between biophysical transformation risks (e.g., floods, pandemics) and socio-technical transition risks (e.g., the social impacts of climate policy). The matrix helps identify social and institutional vulnerabilities and the basic needs under threat. The report advocates for a just transition based on fundamental rights, universal basic services, participatory multi-level governance, and strategic investment in eco-social sectors. Key recommendations include establishing a new social security branch for socio-ecological risks, institutionalizing transition incomes and re-skilling rights, and reinforcing care-oriented, inclusive democratic institutions to meet 21st-century challenges
L’expression des religions et des philosophies en droit belge : gouvernance publique et dialogues néo-institutionnels
No full textPlutôt que de considérer les libertés d’expression et de religion comme concurrentes au sein d’un marché des droits individuels régulé a posteriori, on montre ici combien l’équilibre de ces libertés peut être pour (grande) partie balisé par des dispositifs publics créés en amont par le modèle de l’Etat-Providence. La marge d’appréciation très large laissée aux Etats en matière religieuse conduit ainsi à souligner les particularités des régimes publics de reconnaissance des cultes, et leurs géométries parfois originales face à la liberté d’expression. Le droit belge constitue alors une contribution à un laboratoire européen riche de diversités
Double trunk mask: economical and efficient oxygen therapy
No full textThe Commission on medical oxygen security by Hamish Graham and colleagues (March, 2025)1 highlights persistent inequalities in access to medical oxygen worldwide, primarily owing to inadequate infrastructure, high costs, and a scarcity of equipment. However, low-cost innovative solutions exist to optimise medical oxygen delivery and improve the management of available medical oxygen reserves while potentially preventing its depletion. [...
The role of multimodal cardiac imaging in managing electrical storms in severe heart calcifications: a case report.
No full textIntramyocardial calcifications are rare and associated with conditions such as myocardial infarction, rheumatic heart disease, and calcium metabolism disorders. These calcifications carry significant prognostic value, often leading to severe complications like ventricular arrhythmias, increased morbidity, and mortality. They can pose challenges for treatment, especially when ablation is ineffective due to the calcifications acting as physical barriers. A 43-year-old male with a history of extensive myocardial calcifications and recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) presented with a prolonged electrical storm, despite having an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Multiple ICD shocks and overdrive pacing temporarily restored sinus rhythm, but VT recurred. Initial management with amiodarone and electrical cardioversions failed to control the arrhythmias. The patient required sedation and intubation for 36 h. High-dose amiodarone and general anaesthesia eventually stabilized the arrhythmia. Post-sedation, the patient was discharged with oral amiodarone and bisoprolol, without further arrhythmia. This case underscores the challenges in managing electrical storms in patients with extensive intramyocardial calcifications, which hinder ablation procedure and contribute to persistent arrhythmias. Effective management of life-threatening arrhythmias in these patients requires a comprehensive approach, including multimodality cardiac imaging, collaborative decision-making by a multidisciplinary team, advanced antiarrhythmic therapy, and sedation when necessary
Jewish messianic readings of Isaiah 7–9 in the Church Fathers: Preliminary Remarks and First Results
No full textResistance in the Agri-Food Sector and the Retreat from Ecological Goals
No full textAs part of the Green Deal for Europe, several ecological measures have been proposed to drive a profound transformation of the agri-food sector. Under Regulation 2021/2115, Member States are required to develop strategic plans to achieve environmental objectives through various types of intervention, such as decoupled direct payments for sustainable development or eco-regimes. However, many of these measures have proven unpopular among stakeholders. In response to social movements, public authorities hastily decided to withdraw several of them. This calls for an examination of the exceptional procedure used to draft the CAP amending act, the abandonment of key ecological measures, and the failure to adequately address farmers' incomes