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Cytochemical Examination of the AMP-PNP-Hydrolyzing Enzymatic Activity in Rabbit Taste Bud Cells : Effects of Inhibitors and Activators of ATP Pyrophosphatase and of Adenylyl Cyclase
Get PDFapplication/pdfIn the apical regions of rabbit taste bud cells, especially on the surface of the microvilli, there exists an enzymatic activity that hydrolyzes an ATP analogue, 5'-adenylylimi-dodiphosphate. Since our previous study had suggested that this activity was that of either ATP pyrophosphatase or adenylyl cyclase, the effects of inhibitors and activators of these enzymes on the enzymatic activity were examined cytochemically. ATP pyrophosphatase inhibitors (dithiothreitol, sodium fluoride and amiloride) reduced the enzymatic activity, while adenylyl cyclase inhibitors (p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid and 5,5'-dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)) did not. The effect of a mild activator of ATP pyrophosphatase (sodium azide) was not generally clear. Forskolin, a potent activator of adenylyl cyclase, did not show any enhancing effect. Ca^ enhanced the enzymatic activity. The results indicate that the enzymatic activity is that ofATP pyrophosphatase and probably that of Ca^-dependent type.journal articl
歯周疾患と全身疾患の関わり : 骨粗鬆症との関連を探る
Get PDFapplication/pdfOsteoporosis and periodontal disease are both major health problems among the elderly. The etiology and risk factors of both diseases are multifactorial and similar. Osteoporosis has been suggested as a contributing etiologic factor because it is known to cause a generalized skeletal decrease in bone mass. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of decreasing hormone secretion which changes alveolar bone loss and clinical parameters in pre versus post menopausal female periodontal disease patients. We determined the correlation between periodontal disease and osteoporosis compared with alveolar bone loss calculated by dental X-ray film, panoramic radiographic parameters and various clinical parameters of the disease. The diagnosis of osteoporosis in periodontal disease patients was also evaluated by panoramic radiographic parameters. Adult female subjects were examined without systemic disease, treatment of periodontal disease, or juvenile periodontitis or occlusal traumatism. They were classified into premenopausal group and post-menopausal group. Adult male periodontal disease patients were examined as a control group. Each subject had more than 20 teeth and was examined by dental X-ray film and panoramic radiography. Subjects were stratified into 10 year spans (from 20 to 70 years). The post menopausal group was subdivided into; 1-5, 6-10, and>11 years post-menopausal groups. Clinical parameters (number of teeth present except third molars, plaque control record, probing pocket depth, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, mobility, clinical attachment level (CAL)) and the amount of alveolar bone loss by dental X-ray film were examined. The following parameters were examined on panoramic X-ray film: alveolar bone loss (ABL), mandibular bone mass with the use of mandibular cortical width (MCW) and Centric panoramic mandibular index (C-PMI). In each group, subjects were compared for the amount of alveolar bone loss, panoramic parameters and clinical parameters. We also analyzed the correlations between these parameters. The diagnosis of osteoporosis was determined by MCW. The results indicated that the amount of alveolar bone loss in each post menopausal group to be significantly larger than in the pre menopausal group. Age and ABL in male and female groups, and years after menopause and ABL were correlated positively. Anterior teeth in the post menopausal groups showed larger amounts of alveolar bone loss than in the pre menopausal group. The amount of alveolar bone loss in the post menopausal group exceeded that in male control groups of the same age. There were no significant differences between male and female groups except for MCW. MCW was significantly lower in the postmenopausal group (>6 years after menopause). CAL was significantly lower in the postmenopausal group (>11 years after menopause). MCW and ABL in postmenopausal groups and MCW and CAL in postmenopausal groups were correlated positively. Two female subjects whose MCW was less than the mean value 2 SD, were diagnosed with osteoporosis. These results suggest increased alveolar bone loss changes in the menopausal stage, in response to decreased hormone secretion. Our studies demonstrated that periodontal disease correlates with osteoporosis and MCW could be useful for the detection of osteoporosis in female periodontal disease patients. Following these clinical studies, we investigated the effects of osteoporosis on alveolar bone loss in 4 and 8-week-old female rats. We divided then into four groups, ovariectomized or not, and they were fed a standard diet or a calcium deficient diet. After 1, 4, 16, 52 week periods, alveolar bone loss was calculated. These results showed that the bone mineral density of mandibular bone in ovariectomized rats was not significantly higher than in ovariectomized rats and osteoporosis itself may not be capable of causing alveolar bone destruction. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been widely utilized for the promotion of bone augmentation in bone loss areas. We examined the effects of the GBR technique with resorbtion on bone cavities at the mandibular angle in osteoporosis rats. The newly formed bone was evaluated histologically and statistically. These results suggested the GBR could be an useful technique for bone defects in osteoporosis patients.journal articl
The Morphology of the Primary Dental Arch in Shanghai, China : 72 Cases of Normal Occlusion
Get PDFapplication/pdfTo obtain the dimensional data of the dental casts of growing and developing Chinese children, and to compare the data to the Japanese, we have performed dental examinations on children in the kindergarten attached to Shanghai Teachers' University in Shanghai since 1996. As study materials, dental casts obtained between 1996 and 1999 from 72 Chinese children aged 3 to 6 years with normal primary occlusion were used to evaluate the mesio-distal crown diameters of the primary teeth, the sizes of the primary dental arch, and the standard values and frequency distributions of primary occlusion. 1. Males showed higher values in mesio-distal crown diameters in deciduous teeth, and the size of dental arch than females. 2. In regard to the interdental spaces both in the maxilla and mandible, primate and developmental spaces together were most frequently observed. 3. In regard to the occlusal relationship, the incidence of terminal planes was higher in the order of Vertical type > Mesial step type > Distal step type, and the incidence of primary canine occlusal relationship was higher in the order of type I>type III>type II. 4. The items that were thought to be characteristic of Chinese children were the frequency of only primate spaces, and the incidence of the Mesial step type of terminal plane and type III primary canine occlusal relationship.journal articl
The Prevalence of Dental Disease in the Children of Tianjin, China : Comparison of Tianjin (central and suburban areas) with Japan
Get PDFapplication/pdfDental health checkups of children were conducted in Tianjin, China (central and suburban areas of the city). The prevalence of dental disease in Tianjin was compared with that in Japan as reported in a 1999 survey report. The following results were obtained. 1. There was no marked difference in the prevalence of dental disease between central and suburban areas of Tianjin. 2. The caries incidence ratio and the average number of decayed teeth per child were significantly higher in Tianjin than in Japan, but the treated teeth rate was significantly lower in Tianjin than in Japan. This indicates that the treatment of dental caries is not sufficient in China. 3. Dental caries tended to be more severe among Japanese than Chinese children. As the economy develops and living conditions change in China, dental caries may become more prevalent there, coming to resemble Japan's present condition. Follow-up sur-veys are needed.journal articl
