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Induksi dan Regenerasi Embrio Somatik Empat Jenis Ubi Kayu Menggunakan Beberapa Konsentrasi Pikloram
Full text linkUbi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) merupakan tanaman pokok penting di negara tropis. Di Indonesia, komoditas ini merupakan bahan pangan yang sangat popular dan banyak digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk berbagai produk pangan olahan dan industri. Produksi kalus embriogenik yang dapat beregenerasi akan berguna dalam program pemuliaan bioteknologi untuk perbanyakan tanaman. Frekuensi tinggi pada pembentukan kalus embriogenik merupakan langkah kunci dalam sistem regenerasi ubi kayu khususnya untuk mendukung program pemuliaan modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi pikloram terhadap pembentukan kalus dan regenerasi embrio somatik pada empat jenis ubi kayu. Leaf lobe yang berasal dari kultur in vitro digunakan sebagai eksplan untuk menginduksi kalus embriogenik pada media dasar MS dengan empat tingkat konsentrasi pikloram yaitu 3 mg/l, 5 mg/l, 10 mg/l, dan 12 mg/l. Evaluasi efisiensi produksi embrio somatik dilakukan berdasarkan persentase kalus embriogenik yang terbentuk dalam setiap perlakuan. Kalus embrio somatik selanjutnya dipindahkan ke media maturasi MSN ( 1 mg/ml MS+NAA +1 mg/l CuSO4.) Setelah tumbuh kotiledon pada media MSN, dipindahkan ke media MS yang mengandung 1 mg/l BAP. Pendewasaan tunas dilakukan pada media MS tanpa ZPT selama 5 -7 minggu. Aklimatisasi dilakukan pada media tanam yang terdiri dari tanah:kompos (1:1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dengan media MS yang mengandung pikloram pada konsentrasi 3 mg/l, 5 mg/l, 10 mg/l, dan 12 mg/l dapat menginduksi pembentukan kalus dari eksplan leaf lobe ubi kayu Adira 4, Carvita 25, Manggu dan Menti menghasilkan persentase eksplan berkalus 100 %, sedangkan pada media kontrol (tanpa pikloram) tidak menghasilkan kalus. Pada semua konsentrasi pikloram yang diuji, keempat jenis ubi kayu dapat membentuk kalus embriogenik. Persentase pembentukan kalus embriogenik tertinggi yaitu sebesar 83,3% diperoleh pada media MS yang mengandung 5 mg/l pikloram untuk Carvita 25 dan Menti. Waktu tercepat untuk pembentukan kalus embriogenik adalah 12 hari dan paling lama adalah 51 hari. Formulasi media untuk regenerasi ubi kayu melalui jalur embrio somatik yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini akan bermanfaat untuk produksi bibit ubi kayu dan juga bisa digunakan untuk transformasi genetik untuk perbaikan kualitas ubi kayu
Pengaruh Cahaya Artifisial terhadap Karakter Morfologi dan Genetik Bacopa caroliniana dalam Kultur Jaringan
Full text linkBacopa caroliniana has great potential in the fields of ecology, medicinal and ornamental, also has aesthetic value in the form of very rare small blue flowers. This beauty is highly sought after among aquatic lovers, for that genetic diversity is needed using the light spectrum. However, understanding of the influence of light spectrum on the growth and genetic characters of B. caroliniana using tissue culture. The research was carried out from March 2023 to January 2024 at the KST Soekarno National Research and Innovation Agency Laboratory, Cibinong, Bogor. Explants were grown in MS media (Murashige and Skoog) treated with white (control), blue, red and purple LED light. The design used in this research was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor and six replications. Observations include plant height, number of leaves, number of axillary shoots, number of roots, as well as genetic analysis through DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing. The results showed that white light gave the best results on all morphological parameters, with the highest number of leaves (30,800), while purple light produced the lowest number of leaves (17,500). The ANOVA test showed that plant height did not differ significantly between treatments (Sig. = 0.137), indicating the adaptability of B. caroliniana to various light spectra. The research conclusions show that white light is optimal for increasing leaf number and photosynthetic capacity, which is highly relevant in tissu culture and aquaculture applications. Genetically, blue and white light treatment did not cause significant genetic changes, while red and purple light showed slight, temporary genetic changes, possibly influenced by epigenetic mechanisms
Pengaruh Biochar Pukan Ayam terhadap Ketersediaan Hara dan Produksi Cabai Rawit di Tanah Alluvial
Full text linkThe latest data shows that cayenne pepper production in Indonesia has declined since 2024. According to the Statistics Indonesia (BPS) Horticultural Statistics, household consumption of cayenne pepper in 2024 fell 2.03% compared to 2023, and the downward trend is also evident in production. This is due to declining soil fertility, including alluvial soil, as well as climate conditions that affect crop yields. To overcome this, additional organic ameliorants such as biochar from chicken manure are needed, in addition to the use of inorganic fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of applying biochar from chicken manure on the productivity of chili peppers planted in alluvial soil. This study design was RAL, chicken manure biochar using 5 doses and repeated 5 times for a total of 25 treatment polybags. The treatments were P0 = control, still given NPK as recommended, P1 = 15 tons/ha, P2 = 30 tons/ha, P3 = 45 tons/ha, P4 = 60 tons/ha. The research parameters were pH, organic C, total N, available P, K-dd, height growth, and plant production. The results showed that the application of chicken manure biochar at a dose of 60 tons/ha (P4) significantly affected soil acidity (pH) (increased by 12.29%), organic carbon (74.34%), total nitrogen (62,06%), available phosphorus (170.95%), exchangeable potassium (842.80%), cayenne pepper plant height (270.57%), and fruit weight (204%)
Effect of Light Color and Auxin on Callus Induction and Development in Amorphophallus muelleri Blume.
Full text linkPorang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a significant player in the international market, but its slow seedling growth rate is a major concern. This study, which holds significant implications for porang cultivation, aimed to accelerate the seedling growth phase through the induction of adventitious shoots from callus proliferation. We explored the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs), specifically auxins (NAA and 2,4-D) and cytokinins (BAP), in combination with variations in light color (white and white-blue). The observed parameters included the time of first callus and adventitious shoot emergence, callus growth, number of adventitious shoots, and callus coloration. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to evaluate the effects of plant growth regulator (PGR) type and light quality as independent variables. Statistical significance was assessed at a 95% confidence level using SPSS software. The combination of 1.0 ppm NAA and 0.5 ppm BAP in MS medium under white-blue light effectively accelerated callus induction from bulbil explants, with visible callus formation by day 8 and the fastest proliferation over 7 weeks. Under white light, the same PGR combination also promoted the earliest adventitious shoot formation by day 16 and yielded the highest number of shoots, totaling seven by the end of the culture period
Efektivitas Pemupukan Nitrogen Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Klorofil Kopi Gold Robusta
Full text linkCoffee is one of the important plantation commodities that plays a significant role in the Indonesian economy. Gold Robusta coffee is a potential genotype currently being developed in Jember, particularly by the University of Jember, as an alternative to the common practice of using seedling cuttings with unidentified genetic origins. This study aimed to determine the optimal nitrogen (urea) dosage containing 46% N and its growth response on immature (TBM) Gold Robusta coffee plants. The research was conducted at the Experimental Field in Darsono Village, Arjasa District, Jember Regency, from May to December 2024. The experimental design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor, consisting of three levels of urea fertilizer doses, namely 15 g, 30 g, and 45 g/plant, each replicated nine times. Observed variables included plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number and length of productive branches, leaf area, and chlorophyll content. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and significant differences were further tested with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. The results showed that urea application significantly affected the growth of immature Gold Robusta coffee. A dose of 45 g/plant produced the best growth performance with an average plant height of 112.78 cm, 21.44 leaves, leaf area of 163.56 cm², and productive branch length of 47 cm. Therefore, urea application at 45 g/plant can be recommended as a fertilizer guideline during the immature phase of Gold Robusta coffee
Evaluasi Kompetisi Model Tumpang Gilir Cabai Rawit dengan Jagung dan Aplikasi Konsorsium Agens Hayati
Full text linkPraktik budidaya yang intensif pada tumpang gilir antara cabai rawit–jagung perlu dilakukan evaluasi untuk mengetahui keunggulan lahan dan kompetisi di antara dua spesies yang berbeda. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui nilai kompetisi dan keunggulan lahan dari model tanam tumpang gilir cabai rawit–jagung dan aplikasi agens hayati. Penelitian dilakukan di Magelang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia pada Mei 2019–Januari 2020. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif yang disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dua faktor; faktor pertama yaitu model tanam tumpang gilir (2 baris dan 3 baris cabai rawit) dan faktor kedua yaitu aplikasi agens hayati (dengan dan tanpa aplikasi agens hayati). Monokultur cabai dan jagung tanpa aplikasi agensi hayati merupakan kontrol. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Varians dan Uji Lanjut Duncan's multiple range tests pada α = 5%. Tumpang gilir dinilai berdasarkan Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan, Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan berdasarkan Waktu, Agresivitas, Rasio Kompetisi, dan Kehilangan Hasil Aktual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Model tanam 2 dan 3 baris cabai rawit pada pola tanam tumpang gilir cabai rawit dengan jagung dan pemberian agens hayati menghasilkan nilai Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan dan Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan Berdasarkan Waktu > 1. Cabai rawit memilki indeks Agresivitas dan Rasio Kompetisi yang lebih besar daripada jagung, namun memiliki nilai Kehilangan Hasil Aktual yang tinggi jika ditanam pada pola tumpang gilir tidak disertai pemberian agens hayati. Dari metode yang diterapkan pada penelitian ini, maka tumpang gilir cabai rawit dengan jagung model 2 baris dengan pemberian agens hayati direkomendasikan karena layak diterapkan dan menguntungkan untuk diusahakan terutama bagi pertanian skala kecil
Pengaruh Naungan dan Panjang Stek terhadap Iklim Mikro dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Bayam Brazil (Alternanthera sissoo)
Full text linkBrazilian spinach originated from the American continent and has not been widely cultivated in Indonesia. Its narrow land urban farming development is constrained by low light-intensity conditions that prevent Brazilian spinach from growing optimally. The research aimed to study the effects of shade and cutting length on the growth of Brazilian spinach plants. The research was conducted from December 2023 to January 2024 at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture UMJ. The research used a split-plot design with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) as the environmental design. The treatment used as the main plot was shade consisting of no shade, 45% paranet shade, and 65% paranet shade, while the length of cuttings became a subplot consisting of 5 cm, 7 cm, and 12 cm. The treatment combinations formed are nine, and were repeated 3 times. The results showed that shading increased humidity and decreased temperature and light intensity in the plant microenvironment. At the end of the study, in general, the provision of paranet shade up to 65% did not significantly affect Brazilian spinach plants' growth except for plant height and root length. The cutting length had no significant effect on all observed variables. The use of 5 cm cutting length is recommended because it is considered more efficient in providing cutting material. There were no interaction effects between shade and cutting length on the growth of Brazilian spinach plants
Optimasi Optical Density (OD) Dan Dosis Kanamisin Dalam Transformasi Gen Sucrose Phosphate Synthase (SoSPS1) Pada Anggrek Dendrobium sp.
Full text linkGenetic transformation in plants involves the insertion of isolated foreign genes into the plant genome. Sucrose Phosphate Synthase (SPS) is a key enzyme in sucrose biosynthesis, the primary sugar serving as an energy source and carbon transport molecule in most plants. Dendrobium orchids, which utilize Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM), often exhibit a slow growth rate, thereby limiting their commercial potential. The insertion of the SPS gene into the orchid genome is expected to optimize the sucrose metabolic pathway, potentially influencing the rate of photosynthesis, carbon allocation, and growth characteristics of the orchid. Optimizing the optical density (OD) of the Agrobacterium suspension and the dosage of kanamycin is crucial for enhancing the success rate of the gene transformation process. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentrations of OD and kanamycin to achieve efficient SoSPS1 gene transformation in orchids. Three-month-old Protocorm-Like Bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium Glory White were used as the explant source. The transformed explants were subsequently evaluated for the effectiveness of the kanamycin dosage, the percentage of explant shoots, the number of shoots per explant, the transformation efficiency, and phenotypic changes in the transformed plants. The results showed that a transformation efficiency of up to 40% was achieved using an Agrobacterium suspension at an OD600nm of 0.4. A lethal dose (LD50) of 100 mgL-1 kanamycin resulted in 34% of plantlets surviving post-selection. Transformation with the SoSPS1 gene in Dendrobium sp. induced distinct phenotypic plants including split leaves, swollen stems (pseudobulb), and increased shoot multiplication
Respons Fisiologis Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘Bligon’) dengan Pemberian Pupuk Nitrogen pada Kondisi Kekeringan
Full text linkTobacco is an important agricultural commodity in Indonesia, but it is vulnerable to drought due to climate change. This study aimed to analyze the physiological response of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. 'Bligon') to nitrogen fertilizer application under drought conditions. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with a combination of three urea fertilizer doses (0.6; 1.2; 1.8 g/ 5 kg of growing media) and three levels of field capacity levels (100; 75; 50%). Each treatment combines three replications. Parameters observed included plant growth and physiological traits, and the data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that nitrogen application significantly affected the physiological response of tobacco plant under drought conditions. The 0.6 g nitrogen dose showed a low effect on physiological and growth parameters. The 1.2 g doses moderately increased carotenoids and membrane stability index (MSI). While 1.8 g significantly improved chlorophyll, MSI, and growth parameters. These results indicate a positive correlation between physiological responses and increasing urea doses