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Alelopati dan Masa Depan Bioherbisida Berbasis Tumbuhan: Pengaruh Genetik dan Lingkungan – Sebuah Tinjauan
Full text linkWeeds remain a persistent challenge in agriculture, significantly reducing crop productivity by competing for essential resources such as light, water, and nutrients. Although synthetic herbicides are widely used for weed control, their long-term application raises serious environmental and health concerns. As a sustainable alternative, plant-based bioherbicides that harness allelopathy—the natural chemical interactions among plants—are gaining attention. This review explores recent findings on the allelopathic potential of invasive and native plant species, focusing on key allelochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids that exhibit phytotoxic effects on weed species. Genetic factors, including specific quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and metabolic pathways involved in allelochemical production, are also discussed as critical determinants of allelopathic expression. Furthermore, environmental conditions such as temperature, soil composition, and light regimes can influence the efficacy and persistence of allelopathic compounds in the field. Understanding the synergistic interaction between genetics and environmental variables is essential for the development and optimization of effective, eco-friendly bioherbicides. This review highlights the current challenges and prospects in integrating allelopathy into weed management strategies for sustainable agriculture
Pengaruh Aplikasi Eco Enzyme dan Beberapa Varietas Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) terhadap Peningkatan HasiI, Padatan Total Terlarut (PTT) dan Vitamin C
Full text linkSweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) is the third largest horticulture group in Indonesia. However, the import rate is still high in Indonesia due to low domestic production. Fertilization and the use of superior varieties are efforts to increase production. However, inorganic fertilizers still dominate maize cultivation. As a result, microorganisms that should be an essential unit in the availability of plant nutrients are threatened. This research was conducted to find out the effect of eco enzyme application and several varieties of sweet corn on increasing sugar content and vitamin C in the field. In this research was used a split plot randomized group design (RGD) with 2 factors and 3 times repetition. The main plot factor in this research was 4 varieties and the subplot factor was 3 levels of eco enzyme concentration. As the results of the research is the varieties of sweet corn plants gave a significant effect on several parameters of observation. Bonanza variety produced better Total Dissolved Solids, while Paragon variety produced better growth and vitamin C characteristics. The concentration of eco enzyme didn’t give an effect on all parameters. Concentration of eco enzyme 20 mI I-1 of water gave better growth characteristics and cob weight. The concentration of eco-enzyme and sweet corn varieties has a most significant interaction on the number of cobs per plot. The best combination was Paragon variety and eco enzyme concentration of 10 mI I-1 of water which made more cobs per plot
Tanggapan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Varietas Jagung Hibrida terhadap Pemupukan Nitrogen dalam Sistem Agroforestri
Full text linkThe main issue with hybrid maize is its low nitrogen uptake, ranging from 30% to 50%. This study aims to improve nitrogen fertilization efficiency by selecting hybrid maize varieties in an agroforestry system. The research was conducted from January to April 2024 at the Menggoran Forest Management Resort (RPH Menggoran), Playen, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. A split-plot experimental design was employed, with 15 hybrid maize varieties as the main plot and urea fertilization as the subplot. The results revealed that nitrogen fertilization in the agroforestry system increased grain weight by 25%–68% compared to no fertilization. The highest grain weight was observed in the Pertiwi 6 and KS-89 Monster varieties, even without nitrogen fertilization. Meanwhile, the ADV Jago, Bomber R101, Turbo B-59, Si Tampan, and Twinn 1 varieties produced high grain weights when nitrogen fertilizer was applied
Keragaman Genetik Aksesi Tanaman Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) Berdasarkan Penanda Molekuler Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR)
Full text linkA plant breeding program for turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) development is required to fulfil the pharmaceutical industry's demand. Understanding genetic diversity is the initial step in selecting the parents in plant breeding. Selection assisted by molecular markers, specifically Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR), can be used to obtain genetic information. However, genetic information on turmeric based on SSR markers in Indonesia is still limited. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity and relationship of six accessions of turmeric using 4 (four) SSR primers. This study was conducted from October 2023 to January 2024 at the Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. The result showed that the CuMiSat-19, CuMiSat-20, and CuMiSat-29 primers were informative based on the electrophoresis band polymorphism. The CuMiSat-19 primer generated the highest PIC value (0,88), followed by CuMiSat-20 (0,80) and CuMiSat-29 (0,74). While CuMiSat-23 did not produce polymorphism, the PIC value was 0. The dendrogram classified six turmeric accessions into the two clusters with a Jaccard correlation coefficient range of 0.11-0.33. Cluster I consisted of accession A (Ponorogo), accession C (Gresik), accession D (Indramayu), and accession B (Semarang). Cluster II grouped accession E (Banyumas) and accession F (Bogor). Based on the polymorphism and similarity coefficient, turmeric accessions have a wide range of genetic diversity. Turmeric in different clusters is a potential germplasm that can be utilized to broaden genetic diversity in plant breeding programs
Optimasi Waktu Aplikasi Dan Jenis Trichoderma Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung Dan Perkembangan Penyakit Hawar Pelepah (Rhizoctonia Solani) Pada Jagung Varietas Lokal Momala
Full text linkMaize sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the important maize plant diseases and threatens the potential of local maize production. One of the control efforts is with the biological agent Trichoderma. The type and time of application of Trichoderma are the keys to effective control. This study aims to identify the combination of treatments between the type and time of optimal Trichoderma application. This study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a treatment combining the type of Trichoderma (T1 = T. asperellum TZ11MO1, T2 = T. harzianum) with the treatment time (W1 = before planting, W2 = after planting) so that the combination of treatments becomes T1W1, T1W2, T2W1, T2W2 added with positive (K+) and negative (K-) controls and repeated four times. The results showed that the combination of treatments of the type and time of application of Trichoderma had the same effect on the growth of maize plants and the T1W1 treatment showed the best effect as a biological agent on the incubation period, disease incidence and intensity of R. solani sheath blight disease attacks on the Momala variety
Pengaruh Pupuk Kalium Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Beberapa Galur F7 Kacang Kedelai (Glycine max L.)
Full text linkOne of the essential macro nutrients that is highly needed in plant growth because its function cannot be replaced by other nutrients is Potassium. Soybean plants require a high amount of potassium because the growth of soybean plants is greatly influenced by potassium. This study aims to obtain the best dose of Potassium fertiliser for one F7 soybean strain selected from several strains studied so that one selected strain can be obtained. The research was conducted from October 2023 to December 2023, at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Simalungun with an altitude of 400-500 m above sea level. Factorial Randomised Block Design with two factors was used in this study. The first factor was 5 F7 soybean strains (G) used, namely G1 = F7.5.82.87.166.71.35.1; G2 = F7.5.82.87.166.71.35.2; G3 = F7.5.82.87.166.71.35.3; G4 = F7.5.82.87.166.75.40.1; G5 = F7.5.82.87.184.12.75.38. The second factor of KCl fertiliser (K) used was three levels, namely K1 = 75 kg/ha (18 g/plot), K2 = 150 kg/ha (36 g/plot), K3 = 225 kg/ha (54 g/plot). There were 15 treatment combinations and each combination was repeated 3 times, resulting in 45 research plots. The parameters observed were plant height (cm), number of branches (branches), number of pods per plant (pods), seed weight per plant (g), seed weight per plot (kg) and 100 seed weight (g). If the analysis of variance shows an effect, the analysis will continue using the 5% BNT test. The results showed that the strain F7.5.82.87.166.71.35.2 was the selected strain to be continued because this strain interacted best with the dose of potassium fertiliser 225 kg/ha (54 gr/plot), by producing a large and significantly different correlation value between the number of branches to the number of pods per plant, seed weight per plant and seed weight per plot (0.944**, 0.936**, 0.873**)
Pengaruh Posisi Cabang Pembuahan terhadap Pertumbuhan, Hasil, dan Mutu Buah Melon (Cucumis melo L.) dalam Sistem Fertigasi Hidroponik
Full text linkMelon have the potential to produce 10-20 fruits per plant; however, the quality of each fruit is often suboptimal due to inefficient assimilate distribution. This study aimed to determine the optimal fruiting branch position to maximize the growth, yield, and quality of melons in a fertigation hydroponic system. The research was conducted in a 168 m² greenhouse owned by PT Lentera Agropedia Nusantara, located in Pripih, Hargomulyo, Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A split-plot experimental design was used, with melon cultivars (Sweet Hami and Kirin) as the main factor and fruiting branch positions (lower, middle, and upper) as the sub-factor. The results showed that middle (9th to 10th nodes) and upper (11th to 12th nodes) fruiting branches exhibited greater fruit weight, length, and diameter compared to lower branches (7th to 8th nodes). Kirin cultivar had thicker flesh, and the interaction between cultivar and branch position significantly influenced the fruit cavity diameter. Middle and upper branches produced fruits of similar quality when harvested at 70 days after planting. Fruiting on the lower branches (7th to 8th nodes) produces fruits with lower weight, length, and diameter.Considering the risks associated with fruiting on upper branches, it is recommended to maintain melons on middle branches, specifically at the 9th to 10th nodes
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Bawang Bombay Merah (Allium cepa L.) terhadap Total Fenolik dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Tanaman Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.)
Full text linkPemanfaatan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT) sebagai langkah optimalisasi budidaya tanaman bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) yang khasiatnya telah dikenal massif di tengah-tengah masyarakat diperlukan untuk semakin meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas bunga telang, sehingga nilai ekonomi bunga telang juga akan semakin bertambah, utamanya dalam konteks budidaya tanaman dan pengembangan industri pertanian. Penggunaan ZPT alami yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan harga terjangkau jika dibandingkan dengan ZPT sintetik yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan dalam jangka panjang menjadi salah satu opsi yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ZPT alami bawang bombay merah (Allium cepa L.) terhadap total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan bunga telang. Budidaya bunga telang dilaksanakan di Desa Burneh, Bangkalan Madura pada bulan Juni 2023 sampai Oktober 2023. Metode penelitian ini berbasis kuantitatif, dengan rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) satu faktor, yakni variasi konsentrasi ZPT terdiri dari 0% sebagai kontrol, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, dan 10%, dimana masing-masing konsentrasi direplikasi 4 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ZPT alami berpengaruh positif terhadap total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan bunga telang, dimana hasil tertinggi diperoleh pada variasi konsentrasi ZPT 10% dengan total fenolik sebesar 21,570 mgGAE/g ekstrak dan nilai IC50 sebesar 51,04 ppm yang termasuk kategori antioksidan kuat
