Berkala Arkeologi Sangkhakala
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Situs Kota Rebah Di Tanjung Pinang, Kepulauan Riau: Pertapakan Istana Atau Bangunan Lain
Get PDFAn excavation at the site of Kota Rebah (also known as Kota Lama) in the city of Tanjung Pinang, Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands) Province in October 2014, which was carried out by the Cultural Office of Kepulauan Riau Province, in cooperation with the Medan Archaeological Centre and the Cultural Heritage Conservation Office of Batusangkar, is an attempt to explore remains of the cultural history of Kepulauan Riau community, including to understand about their types and functions. This is in relation to the site and remains of a building that is believed by some local inhabitants to be a site and remains of the palace of the Melayu kings in the past. The data collected using survey and excavation method indicate that the site and building remains are more likely to be remains of a loji (fort with warehouses) than the site and remains of a palace
Gampong Pande, Situs Penting di Ujung Utara Pulau Sumatera
Get PDFAbstractAceh is rich a variation of objects - intact or fragmentary - containing material history and worth studying. Gampong Pande in Banda Aceh, The historical-archaeological data of Gampong Pande hasn't been read and used as a historical source. The site is vital for an introduction the Aceh role related entry and development of Islam in Indonesia, also related with harbor at the estuary of Aceh River. Lately, archaeological-historical research has done there. Results of activity are information about a variety objects of archaeology and history such as tomb/tombstones, fragments ceramic/pottery, currency dirham, and the remaining structures and shaft. Related results of the survey and excavation, it can be suspected since the 14th century Gampong Pande was a part of the trading port, a place of exchange. Grave and tombstones partially show the style of tomb and Aceh tombstone until the 16th century to the 17th century. The dirham findings validate the historical record that the kingdom of Aceh using it as a means of payment. Activities were noisy at least until the 17th century. Then Gampong Pande left, do not be a place before. Later in the 19th century, Gampong Pande back reuse for activities. Old shaft excavation result shows a high level of life. Making shaft with ring pottery/clay show quality people who are not arbitrary.AbstrakAceh kaya dengan beragam objek artificial - utuh maupun fragmentaris - yang mengandung bahan sejarah dan layak diteliti. Di Gampong Pande di Kota Banda Aceh, data arkeologis-historis di sana banyak belum terbaca dan dimanfaatkan sebagai data/sumber sejarah. Situs dimaksud penting bagi upaya pengenalan peran Aceh terkait masuk dan berkembangnya Islam di Indonesia, juga berkenaan dengan bandar di muara Sungai Aceh. Belakangan ini penelitian arkeologis-historis telah dilakukan di sana. Hasil kegiatannya berupa keterangan tentang beragam objek arkeologis-historis seperti makam/nisan, fragmen keramik/tembikar, mata uang dirham, dan sisa struktur bangunan serta sumur. Terkait temuan survei dan hasil ekskavasi, dapat di duga bahwa sejak abad ke-14 Gampong Pande telah merupakan bagian sebuah bandar, tempat pertukaran barang dari berbagai tempat di dunia. Makam dan nisan yang di sana sebagian menunjukkan gaya jirat dan nisan Aceh abad ke-16 hingga abad ke-17. Adapun temuan dirham membuktikan kebenaran catatan sejarah bahwa kerajaan Aceh dahulu memakainya sebagai alat pembayaran. Aktivitas cukup ramai berlangsung setidaknya hingga abad ke-17. Kemudian ada saat Gampong Pande ditinggalkan, tidak menjadi tempat seperti sebelumnya. Kelak di abad ke-19 Gampong Pande kembali menjadi tempat yang diwarnai aktivitas kehidupan yang cukup baik. Sumur tua hasil ekskavasi menunjukkan tingkat kehidupan yang cukup tinggi. Pembuatan sumur dengan cincin gerabah/tanah liat bakar memperlihatkan kualitas masyarakat yang tidak sembarangan
IDENTIFIKASI BUDAYA PRASEJARAH DARI ARTEFAK DI SITUS BUKIT KERANG KAWAL DARAT
Get PDFThe limitedness of artifacts at Kawal Darat I shell-midden site, which only yield short axes, spatula, and pottery fragments with relatively young radio-carbon dates, has obstructed the effort to identify its culture. This is due to assumptions that have always related shell-midden sites to the activities of the bearers of the Hoabinhian culture. In this case, the culture was also characterized by the technology of pebble that were flaked on all sides, known as sumatraliths. The existence of shell-midden, which is assumed to be a part of the Hoabinhian culture with Basconian-typed artifacts, has caused a problem in identifying the site. Using inductive line of thought on the existence of material cultures found at archaeological sites bearing Sonviian, Hoabinhian, and Bacsonian artifacts in Southeast Asia and compare them with the data on the material cultures from Kawal Darat I shell-midden site, it can be interpreted that there had been a transformation of lithic tool technology, which initially originated from a type of technology called Sonviian, to Basconian. Bearing in mind that Hoabinhian has the most complete data among the three types of technology, it seems like the artifacts found at the Kawal Darat I shellmidden site were originated from the Hoabinhian Techno-Complex.Keterbatasan artefak di situs Bukit Kerang Kawal Darat I, yang hanya menghasilkan kapak pendek, spatula dan fragmen gerabah dengan hasil analisa karbon yang relatif muda, menyulitkan upaya mengidentifikasi budayanya. Hal tersebut disebabkan adanya asumsi yang selalu mengaitkan situs bukit kerang dengan sisa aktivitas pendukung budaya Hoabinh. Budaya dimaksud juga dicirikan dengan teknologi artefaktual berbahan kerakal yang dipangkas di seluruh sisi-sisinya yang dikenal dengan sebutan sumatralith. Keberadan bukit kerang yang diasumsikan sebagai bagian dari budaya Hoabinh dengan artefak temuan yang berciri Bacsonian tersebut menjadikan permasalahan dalam mengidentifikasi situs dimaksud. Dengan alur pemikiran induktif atas keberadaan budaya materi yang ditemukan di situs-situs arkeologi yang teknologinya berciri Sonviian, Hoabinhian dan Bacsonian di Asia Tengara, untuk dibandingkan dengan data budaya materi dari situs Bukit Kerang Kawal Darat I. Maka dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa telah terjadi perubahan teknologi alat litik, yang awalnya bersumber dari teknologi yang disebut Sonviian hingga Bacsonian. Mengingat Hoabinhian memiliki data yang paling lengkap dari ketiga ciri teknologi tersebut, maka artefak yang ditemukan di situs Bukit Kerang Kawal Darat I merupakan hasil dari Tekno Kompleks Hoabinh
Dinamika Aktivitas Kemaritiman Di Pulau Kampai, Kota Cina, Dan Kota Rantang, Sumatera Utara
Get PDFAbstractMaritime activities in coastal area north Sumatera does not only appear in one location and a certain period of time as not as can be stand-alone. Indications of dynamics, interrelation, and utilization continuity of coastal area north Sumatera in maritime activities and interaction between the nation and the culture that occur in the past is big enough. Study of Archeology which sufficient intensive has done in sites Pulau Kampai, Kota Cina, and Kota Rantang in a certain period of time resulted from the data which quite interesting. The information gets by the data is tended to show the existence of voyage activities and trade, also the introduction of few aspect of life, with a quite valid of chronology. All of them are showing the past activities in that area fulfilled with diverse activities that show its power as an economic world track which connected of east and west cultures. There is the continue of the activity is revolve in VIII to XVI centuries. Even the discovery of archeology Pulau Kampai shows the existence of continuity activities in XVI to XX centuries. AbstrakAktivitas kemaritiman di pesisir timur Sumatera Utara tidak hanya memunculkan satu lokasi dan satu kurun waktu tertentu sebagai simpul yang berdiri sendiri. Indikasi adanya dinamika, keterkaitan, dan kesinambungan pemanfaatan pesisir timur Sumatera Utara dalam aktivitas kemaritiman dan interaksi antar bangsa dan budaya yang terjadi di masa lalu cukup besar. Penelitian arkeologis yang cukup intensif telah dilakukan di situs-situs Pulau Kampai, Kota Cina, dan Kota Rantang beberapa waktu berselang menghasilkan data yang cukup menarik. Informasi yang diperoleh melalui data dimaksud menunjukkan keberadaan kegiatan pelayaran dan perdagangan, juga pengenalan akan beberapa aspek kehidupan, serta kronologi yang cukup sahih. Semua memperlihatkan masa lalu di kawasan itu dipenuhi dengan beragam aktivitas yang menunjukkan kekuatannya sebagai jalur perekonomian dunia yang menghubungkan peradaban di dunia bagian barat dan timur. Adapun berlangsungnya aktivitas itu berkisar antara abad VIII hingga abad XVI. Bahkan temuan arkeologis di Pulau Kampai memperlihatkan adanya aktivitas lanjutan pada abad XVI hingga abad XX
Karakter Budaya Gua Kidang Hunian Prasejarah Kawasan Karst Pegunungan Utara Jawa
Get PDFAbstractThus far the karst area of the Northern Mountains of Java only has very few traces of occupation caves. investigations carried out by foreign researchers, particularly the ones from the Dutch, cover a number of caves in Situbondo, Tuban, and Bojonegoro. The interpretation made in relation to the results of investigations in the karst area of the Northern Mountains of Java show the distinct characteristics of maritime culture, which are artifacts and ecofacts, including marine and freshwater fauna. Aside from that, vertebrates were also found as artifacts and ecofacts. The cultural characteristics of habitation caves in the karst area of the Northern Mountains of Java differ from those in the Southern Mountains of Java, particularly Gunung Sewu (Thousand Mountains). Gua Kidang (Kidang Cave) is located in the karst area of Blora, and until now it is the only cave which shows indications that it was intensively inhabited for a long period of time. The cultural remains at that cave provide comprehensive information about the human occupation in their effort to survive. This article tries to reconstruct the living pattern of the inhabitants of Gua Kidang in exploring the surrounding environment to find food sources and raw materials to make their daily implements. The studies to reveal the problems include technological, geoarchaeological, and palaeoanthropological studies. This research employs descriptive-explanative method with inductive reasoning, while the approach is spatial archaeology. AbstrakKawasan karst pegunungan utara Jawa selama ini minim jejak budaya gua hunian. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti asing khususnya orang Belanda, meliputi gua-gua di Situbondo, Tuban, dan Bojonegoro. interpretasi yang disusun sehubungan dengan hasil penelitian di kawasan karst Pegunungan Utara Jawa memberikan kekhasan karakter budaya pantai yaitu temuan baik artefak maupun ekofak dari fauna marin dan air tawar. Selain itu, fauna vertebrata juga ditemukan baik sebagai artefak maupun ekofak. Hal yang menjadi karakter budaya gua hunian di kawasan karst Pegunungan Utara Jawa berbeda dengan di kawasan karst Pegunungan Selatan Jawa khususnya di Gunung Sewu. Gua Kidang berada di kawasan karst Blora, yang sampai saat ini merupakan satu-satunya gua yang membuktikan indikasi dihuni secara intensif dalam kurun waktu yang panjang. Jejak budaya yang ditinggalkan memberikan informasi lengkap tentang okupasi manusia penghuninya dalam mempertahankan hidup. Tulisan ini akan memberikan gambaran rekonstruksi pola hidup manusiapenghuni Gua Kidang dalam mengeksplorasi alam sekitarnya, baik dalam mencari sumber makan maupun sumber bahan baku untuk peralatan sehari-hari. Kajian untuk mengungkap permasalahan meliputi kajian teknologi, geoarkeologi, dan paleoantropologi. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif – eksplanatif dengan penalaran induktif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah arkeologi keruangan
Membaca Dan Menafsirkan Temuan Gambar Prasejarah Di Pulau Misool Raja Ampat, Papua Barat
Get PDFTraces and evidence of prehistoric civilization in the Indonesian Archipelago have been found, and one of the archaeological types of remains that was the hot topic for researchers nowadays is rock paintings on the walls of karst caves (known as limestone area). We found that karst has the function of conveying historical messages through paintings as a form of communications of Homo sapiens. Based on results of surveys among the karst island of Misool in Raja Ampat islands, we can identify five categories of rock paintings, which are: hands, fauna, anthropomorphic, symbolical (non-figure), circles that resemble wheels/the sun, and square lines. The main and dominant characteristics of Misool rock paintings, particularly in paintings of fish, are their various sizes and rich variations. The prehistoric artworks are very interesting to be investigated more thoroughly to study and understand better the human life in the past. The archaeological survey has yielded new evidence and traces of human life in the past, such as habitation, migration, and modes of living hundreds or maybe even tens of thousand years ago, or during the prehistoric period. This research is the initial step and was carried out using documentation and descriptive methods to be analyzed afterward by various approaches that are being developed nowadays, as well as visual communication through form and non-form analyses
TRADISI MENGUNYAH SIRIH DAN MEMOTONG KERBAU PADA UPACARA ADAT / HORJA DI ANGKOLA – MANDAILING
Get PDFThe betel-chewing tradition is often being related to the migration of Austronesian-speaking people from Taiwan to the Indonesian Archipelago during the prehistoric period. The culture, which continues up to later periods, becomes the tradition of almost all the tribes in the Archipelago, including the Angkola-Mandailing in North Sumatera. The goal to be achieved in this article is to learn about the function or importance of betel and buffaloes in the traditional ceremonies in Angkola-Mandailing, as well as to understand the meaning behind it. The method used here is quantitative, along with ethnographic study and Symbolic-InteractionTheory. Betel is also used in daily activities (betel-chewing or as traditional medicine) besides being part of traditional ceremonies (horja) like horja siriaon (joyful ceremonies of the birth of children, house-warming, wedding, etc.) as well as horja siluluton (ceremonies during sad times like death). During big ceremonies (horja godang), the animals being slaughtered have to be buffaloes. Horja godang is a tradition characterized by makkobar, margondang, manortor, and buffalo slaughtering activities. In relation to the Symbolic-Interaction Theory, betel and buffalo are symbols of non-verbal communications of inviting and conducting traditional ceremonies. On the other hand, they are also symbols of verbal communication in forms of words in traditional hata, which were spoken during makkobar in a horja godang.Budaya mengunyah sirih sering dikaitkan dengan migrasi penutur bahasa Austronesia dari Taiwan ke Nusantara pada masa prasejarah. Budaya ini yang berlanjut hingga masa-masa kemudian menjadi tradisi hampir semua suku-suku di Nusantara, termasuk Mandailing-Angkola di Sumatera Utara. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam tulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui fungsi atau arti penting sirih dan kerbau pada upacara adat di Angkola-Mandailing, serta mengetahui makna yang terkandung di dalamnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan kajian etnografi serta diterapkan Teori Interaksi Simbolik. Sirih juga digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari (tradisi makan sirih atau sebagai obat), dan juga penting dalam kegiatan adat (horja) seperti horja siriaon (upacara adat suka cita-kelahiran anak, memasuki rumah baru, perkawinan) maupun horja siluluton (upcara adat duka cita-kematian). Apabila yang dilaksanakan adalah upacara adat besar (horja godang) maka hewan yang disembelih wajib kerbau. Horja godang merupakan kegiatan adat yang ditandai dengan kegiatan makkobar, margondang, manortor, dan menyembelih kerbau. Di dalam kaitannya dengan Teori Interaksi Simbolik, sirih dan kerbau merupakan bentuk komunikasi non verbal sebagai simbol undangan dan penyelenggaraan kegiatan adat. Di sisi lain sebagai bentuk komunikasi verbal melalui perkataan dalam hata adat yang terucap dalam makkobar pada suatu horja godang
Aspek-aspek Kemaritiman di Dataran Rendah dan Dataran Tinggi dari Masa Mesolitik Hingga Tradisi Megalitik
Get PDFAbstractMaritime aspects in the western part of Indonesia are known from the presence of shell mound sites, which show Mesolithic characteristics and elements of Hoabinhian Culture. The shell mound sites along the east coast of Sumatra Island reveal that coastal areas were very important in providing for life in the past because of the marine biota that can be exploited. The Hoabinhian Culture on highland areas also bears traces of maritime aspects. Likewise are the Neolithic and sites that dispersed on highland areas. Various kinds of mollusks were still exploited on the highlands. Even the religions and social structures that bear maritime characteristics were still preserved. The attempt to recognize the maritime aspects during the periods is done by determining various artifacts, ecofacts, and other finds in relation with the marine environment, as well as through ethnoarchaeology studies by observing patterns of meaningsin the cultures of several traditional communities in the western part of Indonesia. The effort to determine archaeological objects, supported by ethnoarchaeology studies, will portray various maritime aspects that can be recognized through the aspects of the environment, biota, religion, technology, aesthetic, and other social aspects.AbstrakAspek kemaritiman di indonesia bagian barat diketahui dari keberadaan situs-situs bukit kerang yang memiliki periode Mesolitik, dengan budaya pendukungnya Hoabinh. Situs-situs bukit kerang yang tersebar di pesisir timur Pulau Sumatera menunjukkan bahwa kawasan pantai merupakan areal yang sangat penting dalam mendukung kehidupan masa itu, mengingat berbagai biota laut menjadi objek yang dieksploitasi. Keberadaan budaya Hoabinh di dataran tinggi juga masih menunjukkan sisa-sisa aspek kemaritiman. Sebaran situs di dataran tinggi pada masa Neolitik dan Megalitik juga masih menunjukkan aspek kemaritiman. Berbagai jenis moluska yang hidup di dataran tinggi masih menjadi bahan pangan yang dieksploitasi, bahkan aspek religi dan struktur sosial yang berkaitan dengan ciri kemaritiman masih dipertahankan. Upaya mengetahui aspek kemaritiman pada beberapa periode tersebut, tentu akan diketahui melalui determinasi berbagai artefak, ekofak dan lainnya yang terkait dengan lingkungan laut. Pemahaman aspek kemaritiman juga dilakukan melalui etnoarkeologi, dengan melihat berbagai pola makna yang terkandung dalam kebudayaan masyarakat tradisional di indonesia bagian barat. Determinasi objek arkeologis yang disertai dengan kajian etnoarkeologi menggambarkan berbagai aspek kemaritiman yang dapat dikenali dari aspek lingkungan, biota, religi, teknologi, estetika dan aspek sosial lainnya