Jurnal Teknosains
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Fabrication of single-axis prosthetic foot using 3d printing and resin infusion method
No full textA prototype of a single-axis prosthetic foot is proposed as an alternative prosthetic foot for patients with disabilities to perform daily activities. Three leading positions within 0-64% of the gait cycle are heel strike, midstance, and toe-off positions used as boundary conditions. The Finite Element Method can analyze a model to determine the values of deformation, stress, and strain that occur in detail. This research is conducted to fabricate an optimal prosthetic foot product or prototype and determine its strength to support the weight of the user's body and provide comfort and safety before being fabricated using 3D printing and resin infusion methods. The fabrication of the prosthetic foot prototype used Fusion 360 software and continued with simulation testing using ABAQUS 6.14 software. The prototype model was designed and evaluated to obtain strength and feasibility before being fabricated with an Anycubic Photon Mono X type DLP 3D printing machine and resin infusion method. The results obtained in this study show that the prototype of a single-axis prosthetic foot can support the human body's weight with loading level P3 or 60 kg, level P4 or 80 kg, and level P5 or 100 kg according to ISO 10328. The mass of the prototype or single-axis prosthetic foot product is 657 grams, according to the criteria, not more than 1.7% of the user's total body weight, with a hardness value of 55.5 HA, and can withstand 50,000 cycles in fatigue testing
EDITORIAL
No full textWe are delighted to present the December edition of our journal (Volume 16, Number 1, December 2025), which showcases a rich collection of interdisciplinary research in biomedical engineering, environmental technology, renewable energy, materials science, and applied biological sciences. The studies featured in this issue reflect the dynamic landscape of technoscientific inquiry, highlighting both fundamental advancements and practical solutions to contemporary challenges.We open this edition with an in silico exploration of boswellic acid as a potential antibacterial agent against Cutibacterium acnes and other acne–associated pathogens. Through molecular docking targeting nine key bacterial proteins, the study demonstrates that boswellic acid exhibits strong binding affinity, particularly to the transcriptional regulator TcaR, suggesting its promise as a topical antibacterial candidate. This work underscores how computational biomedicine continues to accelerate the discovery of safer and more effective dermatological agents....To close this edition, we present a study on Constructed Wetlands (CW) using roof–tile fragments and Echinodorus palaefolius for treating phosphate–rich laundry wastewater. Remarkably, the system achieved a 99.96% reduction in phosphate levels, driven by adsorption, biodegradation, and microbial interactions—particularly from Proteus and Citrobacter species.Together, the articles in this issue reflect the dedication of researchers in advancing science and engineering for societal benefit. As we close this final issue of the year, we would also like to extend our warmest wishes to all our readers, authors, and reviewers. May this holiday season bring rest, reflection, and joyful moments with your loved ones. We look forward to welcoming you again in our June 2026 edition with new research contributions and advancements across the technoscience fields. Warm regards,Editor in ChiefJurnal Teknosain
Computational screening of boswellic acid for its antibacterial activity against acne-causing bacteria via molecular docking
No full textAcne vulgaris (AV) is a common inflammatory-skin disorder associated with bacterial infections, particularly Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The rising resistance to conventional antibiotics has prompted the exploration of natural compounds such as boswellic acid, which is known for its antibacterial potential. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of boswellic acid using an in-silico approach through molecular docking against several essential bacterial target proteins implicated in acne pathogenesis. The boswellic acid ligand was obtained from the PubChem database, while the three-dimensional structures of the target proteins were retrieved from the RCSB Protein Data Bank. Blind docking was performed using AutoDock Tools version 1.5.7 and AutoDock Vina, followed by interaction analysis using Discovery Studio Visualizer and Visual Molecular Dynamics (VMD). Nine bacterial proteins involved in vital cellular processes such as metabolism, protein synthesis, biofilm formation, and DNA replication were selected, including transcriptional regulator TcaR, penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS), 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III (KAS III), CRISPR-associated protein, DNA gyrase, transcriptional regulator MarR, methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase, and accumulation-associated protein (Aap). The docking results demonstrated that all target proteins exhibited negative binding energy values (< 0), indicating thermodynamically stable and spontaneous interactions. Among these, TcaR displayed the highest binding affinity with a binding energy of −10.2 kcal/mol and formed nine conventional hydrogen bonds, reflecting a particular and stable interaction. Key interacting residues included Gln: B61, HisA:42, AsnA:20, AsnB:17, and Arg1:110. In contrast, the Aap protein formed only one covalent bond, indicating the weakest interaction. These findings suggest that boswellic acid effectively inhibits key bacterial proteins, particularly those involved in transcriptional regulation and biofilm development. Therefore, boswellic acid holds significant potential as a safe and effective topical antibacterial agent for further growth in biomedical engineering-based formulations
Effect of maceration and mae (microwave assisted extraction) on antioxidant activity of methanol Extract of simpur air leaves (dillenia suffruticosa (griff.) martelli)
No full textThe simpur air plant (Dillenia suffruticosa) is one of the plants used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases and has potential as an antioxidant. Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit, prevent, and reduce oxidative damage to target molecules. The effectiveness of extracting active compounds depends on the extraction method used. Maceration requires a relatively long duration, so faster and more efficient alternatives, such as MAE, are needed. However, heat-sensitive compounds may degrade if the power is too high or the extraction time is prolonged. Therefore, a comparison between maceration and MAE methods is necessary. This study aims to determine the effect of maceration and MAE on the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract from the simpur air leaves. Samples were then analyzed using TLC with a mobile phase of toluene, ethyl acetate, and formic acid (3:5:1 v/v/v). Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, and data were analyzed with SPSS. TLC results confirmed the presence of flavonoids indicated by a yellow color after spraying with AlCl3, with IC50 values supporting their antioxidant potential. The Rf values of extracts obtained by maceration and MAE with the rutin standard (0.22) and quercetin standard (0.8). The MAE method produced higher antioxidant activity than maceration, with IC₅₀ values of 5.942 ± 0.345 μg/mL and 10.498 ± 0.213 μg/mL, respectively, both classified as strong antioxidants (IC50 < 50). Independent sample t-test analysis yielded a p-value of less than 0.05, indicating a significant difference between the two methods. The methanol extract of simpur air leaves extracted by the MAE method produces better antioxidant activity than the maceration method
Effect of broken roof tile adsorbent in constructed wetland for treatment of laundry waste pollutants
No full textA Constructed Wetland (CW) is a modified wastewater treatment system that can be applied anywhere. The advantages of CW systems are low operational costs, naturally available constituent materials and provide aesthetic value as a wastewater treatment solution. The increasing number of laundry industries causes high concentrations of phosphate pollution in the environment. Shards of tile as an adsorbent may reduce the concentration of Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), phosphate, Methylene Blue Active Surfactant (MBAS), and sulphate. The effect of adding tile fragments is supported by using Water Jasmine plants (Echinodorus palaefolius) and the diversity of microorganisms attached to the adsorbent. The results of this study showed a phosphate reduction efficiency of 99.96%. The presence of the bacterial genus Proteus sp. and Citrobacter sp. on the tile fragments adsorbent impacts phosphate reduction. Pollutant removal in CW systems occurs due to adsorption, sedimentation, filtration, biodegradation and precipitation
EDITORIAL
No full textGreetings to the Readers of Jurnal Teknosains! We are pleased to present the June edition of our journal (Volume 15, Number 2 June 2025), featuring a diverse collection of research articles across pharmaceutical sciences, biomedical engineering, material technology, and environmental health. Each paper offers fresh perspectives and contributes meaningfully to ongoing conversations in their respective areas. We begin with an intriguing study on Singkel leaves (Premna serratifolia Linn.), where researchers explore how different extraction methods and solvent concentrations can affect the flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. Following that, we feature a study on ultrafine bubble (UFB) fluid production using a closed-loop system. The authors applied response surface methodology to optimize production conditions. It is a technical yet highly practical piece of work that could be valuable for both industrial and biomedical applications. In the third article, researchers turn their attention to Baroma rice, investigating its potential as an anti-cancer functional food. Laboratory tests on colon cancer cells showed promising results, suggesting that both raw and cooked Baroma rice might offer health benefits beyond nutrition. We also present a paper in the field of dental materials, examining the color stability and hardness of denture base materials treated with various coloring agents. After simulating long-term exposure to artificial saliva, the findings confirm that color changes stay within acceptable limits. Our fifth article introduces a prototype of a single-axis prosthetic foot created using 3D printing and resin infusion techniques. Mechanical testing revealed that the prosthetic meets international standards for safety and durability, offering a lightweight, affordable alternative for amputees. Noise exposure in the workplace is the focus of our sixth paper, where researchers assess the sound levels produced by handheld grinding machines during material cutting. Interestingly, while the type of material didn’t significantly affect noise levels, maintaining a safe distance from the noise source proved effective in reducing exposure. Our seventh study examines a biocomposite bone screw made from cantula fiber-reinforced nano-hydroxyapatite/magnesium/shellac. The research shows that increasing cantula fiber content improves mechanical strength and wear resistance, highlighting its potential as a future biodegradable implant material. For the last paper, we close this issue with an innovative look at biofilm production by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) using tofu wastewater. Not only does this offer a sustainable solution for managing industrial waste, but the biofilms produced also demonstrated antimicrobial properties
The role of bio-additive and attractive magnetic fields on flame behavior and hydrocarbon gas in palm oil droplets combustion
No full textThe availability of fossil fuels is increasingly diminishing, while the global energy demand continues to rise. Alternative energy sources currently available from various vegetable oils include jatropha, palm, kapok seed, coconut, and cottonseed oil as substitutes for fossil fuels. When used directly in diesel engines, these oils can lead to several issues, including high viscosity and elevated flash points, which hinder proper fuel combustion and result in carbon deposits within the combustion chamber. Several solutions have been proposed to address these issues, including blending vegetable oils with diesel fuel at various ratios, preheating the vegetable oils, mixing them with additives, and utilizing exhaust gas recirculation and combustion chamber modification. This study investigates the role of bio-additive and applied magnetic fields in influencing flame characteristics and hydrocarbon gas emissions during palm oil droplet combustion. The experimental procedure involved direct testing on palm oil by incorporating a 3% eucalyptus oil-based bio additive and applying an attractive magnetic field (U-S), with droplet diameters ranging between 0.3-0.4 mm. Thermocouples diameter of 0.12 mm were placed on both sides of the magnet with a magnetic field intensity of 1.1 Tesla, and heating wires as the heat source were positioned beneath the thermocouples. The study found that combining eucalyptus oil bio-additive and an attractive magnetic field (U-S) resulted in the shortest flame evolution time of 1760 ms. The flame height and hydrocarbon gas concentration also reached their lowest values at 5.74 mm and 296 ppm, respectively. Meanwhile, the same treatment produced of highest temperature of 846.5 °C compared to other experimental conditions.
Finite element analysis: stress and strain in chitosan composites under varying cavity dimensions
No full textComposite resin restorations frequently fail due to secondary caries formation. To address this, the antibacterial potential of chitosan for incorporation into dental composites has been explored. Given the limitations of existing studies—which often lack a focus on biomechanical function, this research used an in silico Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to evaluate the combined effects of chitosan addition and cavity dimension on stress and strain distributions within restorative materials. A 3D model of a human mandibular first molar, derived from micro-CT scanning, was subjected to FEA using varying chitosan concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) and two cavity dimensions (conservative and extensive). Statistical results showed significant differences in stress and strain distributions across the treatment groups. Cavity dimensions significantly influence the distribution of stress and strain. The effect of chitosan addition is secondary. The addition of chitosan in cases of extensive cavities was not strong enough to produce statistically significant changes. The FEA analysis demonstrates a clear influence of cavity geometry on biomechanics: In extensive cavities, the restorative material provides superior structural reinforcement, leading to a stiffer composite unit (high stress, low strain) and limited cusp deformation; while in conservative cavities, the structure exhibits a highly flexible response to loading (low stress, high strain), even with a preserved marginal ridge. The stress concentration in the tooth model was primarily in the cervical area, specifically at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ)
Fabrication of pbs films for air mass filter of solar simulator
No full textThe production of solar panels is continuously increasing due to increasing demands at industrial and residential levels. This also leads to an increasing demand for solar simulator testing tools. A solar simulator is a tool to assess a solar panel's performance in lab and industry scales. One of the main components of the solar simulator is the Air Mass Filter (AMF). The primary function of AMF is to remove unwanted wave bands from the solar simulator light source (e.g., Xe arc lamp) so that the filtered spectrum is commensurate to that of solar irradiation. An AMF can be produced by fabricating a thin material layer on a transparent substrate like glass. The film would absorb certain wave bands in different ways. This paper reports the fabrication of the chalcogenide PbS thin films for applying AMF. The thermal evaporation technique is used for the film fabrication. PbS is known for its versatility for applications in different optical devices due to its tailorable optical properties. Different amounts (in grams) of PbS source powders are used to deposit the PbS thin films. The optical properties of the films are then examined using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The distributions of the transmittance intensity of the Xe-arc-lamp light with and without the use of the films as an optical filter are then examined using a solar simulator. From the experiments, the film deposited using a 0.012 g PbS powder source is regarded as the optimum one regarding the transmittance intensity distribution
Integrated microcontroller mq sensors for monitoring biogas: Advancements in methane and hydrogen sulfide detection
No full textRecent technological advances in microcontroller systems enable novel biogas monitoring capabilities. This study investigates microcontroller-based quantification of methane and hydrogen sulfide concentrations in biogas derived from anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digesters were fed either 100% cow dung substrates or a 50:50 mixture of cow dung with municipal solid waste (MSW). Methane levels were monitored using an MQ-4 sensor, hydrogen sulfide via an MQ-136 sensor, and temperature with a K-type thermocouple, all integrated with an ATmega 2560 microcontroller system. The 100% cow dung digester produced biogas with maximum methane concentrations of 3488 ppm at 21 days, indicating improved methane production compared to the 50:50 mixture of cow dung with MSW. Hydrogen sulfide reached 195 ppm and 192 ppm for the 100% cow dung and mixed digesters. Mesophilic temperature conditions were maintained throughout the digestion process. Real-time quantification of biogas composition demonstrates the capabilities of microcontroller-based anaerobic digester monitoring to provide precise methane and hydrogen sulfide measurements