Jurnal Teknosains
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Facility layout improvement for continuous production system: a case study in chocolate-based product
No full textThis study explores optimizing Yogyakarta's chocolate production system facility layout to enhance laboratory-scale production to mass production at the UGM Field Research Center laboratory. The laboratory layout was optimized based on expert assessments and the ALDEP algorithm and compared with the current layout using distance-based objective values. Both layouts were compared to highlight the importance of qualitative aspects in determining workstation positions, in addition to quantitative aspects. The distance-based analysis results indicate that the ALDEP layout outperforms the current layout, and the layout was designed with expert assessments, showing the highest efficiency and lowest material handling costs, with an estimated improvement of 23% over the current layout. Although the proposed expert-assessed layout performed worse, it met stakeholder requirements such as safety and ease of observation. Therefore, future research must consider other aspects beyond costs in evaluation metrics to determine the best layout. Although the proposed expert-assessed layout performed worse, it met stakeholder requirements such as safety and ease of observation. Therefore, future research must consider other aspects beyond costs in evaluation metrics to determine the best layout
Development of an innovation ecosystem model in handling the covid-19 in Indonesia
No full textTechnological innovation in the medical area is vital when the COVID-19 pandemic strikes, including in Indonesia. One of the essential innovations is a health facility for infection testing. Through the TFRIC-19 program, several Indonesian researchers have developed a mobile laboratory named Mobile Lab Biosafety Level 2 (MBSL2). MBSL2 is one of the medical innovations from the TFRIC-19 program as a measure to handle the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. TFRIC-19 is an innovation system initiated by government institutions in the RnD area. Establishing TFRIC-19 was the initial step in handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This research aims to identify the actor's role in developing MBSL2. The technique uses the Ecosystem Pie Model (EPM) approach for analysis. It was found that the most essential aspect of creating innovation is collaboration between involved actors
Impacts of temperature and coating pigment ratios on the corrosion rate of ss400 steel
No full textSteel is the primary shipbuilding material; however, it erodes quickly. Adequate protection requires hard, durable, and adhesive coatings. This study examines how aluminium-graphite pigment and heat treatment affect epoxy-coated SS400 steel plate corrosion, adhesion, and coating resilience. This study used a 1:1 and 3:1 pigment ratio with 100°C and 150°C heat treatment. The coating layer was 250 μm thick and comprised 80% epoxy and 20% aluminum-graphite. The maximum adhesion strength, 19.62 MPa, was achieved with an aluminium-graphite pigment ratio of 1:1 and 100°C heat treatment. The top coating resistance was 6.86 Joules under identical conditions. The lowest corrosion rate, 0.047 mmpy, was at a 3:1 aluminum-graphite ratio and 150°C heat treatment. This discovery has significant consequences for shipbuilding steel corrosion resistance
Kinetic and combustion characteristics of oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar using thermogravimetric analysis
No full textThe usage of renewable energy is a mitigation phenomenon majorly impacting the power sectors, with biomass being one of the sources directly replacing coal in various applications. This leads to the portrayal of biomass having the potential to be a carbonaceous material, namely the Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) of oil palm. To increase the characteristics of EFB, it can be converted into carbon-based products through thermochemical processes, such as hydrothermal carbonization. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the characteristics of feedstock and biochar EFB using the TGA method. The heating rate used in this study is 10 – 30°C/min at five °C/min intervals. The effect of heating rate on kinetic parameters and thermal (DTG, TGA) and combustion (T ignition, T burn out) characteristics was also determined. This study carried out the HTC process at temperatures of 210ᵒC and 230ᵒC. The results showed that biochar EFB had a higher ignition, burnout temperature, and activation energy than raw EFB. Ignition temperatures for EFB-HT210°C and EFB-HT230°C were 297°C and 298°C; burnout temperatures for EFB-HT210°C, EFB-HT230°C were 407°C and 450°C; and the activation energy for EFB-HT210°C, EFB-HT230°C were 58.84 kJ/mol and 62.16 kJ/mol. Besides the characteristics of biomass, the heating rate also affects combustion. This proved that increased heating rate caused higher ignition and burnout temperature and decreased activation energy. The results also indicated that the difference in heating rate influenced the peak temperature in DTG
EDITORIAL
No full textGreetings to the Readers of Jurnal Teknosains!We are proud to present the latest edition of Jurnal Teknosains in Volume 13, Number 2, June 2024. In a world that is constantly evolving, innovation and sustainable development are crucial foundations for progress in the fields of technology and science. This edition takes us through a series of research articles that highlight various important aspects in this regard, ranging from the development of renewable energy technologies to efforts in addressing global pandemics. In broad strokes, we endeavor to provide an overview of the eight research articles in the field of technology and science published in this June 2024 edition
Optimization of urban thermal environment for indonesia coastal-climate urban area: a microclimatic modeling
No full textCoastal urban areas, one of which is the PIK 2, Tangerang Regency, Indonesia, as the study case, have distinctive climate characteristics: changes in land and sea breezes during different seasons and high humidity and wind speed levels, which affect thermal comfort. The optimal building mass needs to be studied to achieve ideal thermal comfort conditions, which can effectively respond to climate characteristics different from those of other urban areas. This paper investigates the existing urban thermal environment and models the impact of building orientation, form, and H/W ratio simulated in ENVI-met. Based on the study findings, it has been determined that positioning a building diagonally towards the sea at a 45-degree angle effectively reduces excessive wind speeds, resulting in a favorable PMV score. Additionally, incorporating a sky bridge into the building form design provides adequate shading and contributes to achieving optimal thermal comfort in coastal-climate urban areas. Moreover, the optimal H/W ratio is 0.5, which can reduce wind speed without significantly lowering the temperature, thereby maintaining thermal comfort
Refinement of cooking oil using activated carbon from coconut shell and zeolite
No full textBulk cooking oil is obtained from traditional markets and and relatively has a characteristic color that tends to be brownish and unclear; cooking oil has been repeatedly used after frying, resulting in physical changes such as darkening, thickening, and foaming. If bulk cooking oil is repeatedly used for frying, it can be detrimental to health as it may accumulate saturated fatty acids in the oil. This condition prompted the search for solutions to purify bulk cooking oil and use cooking oil using processed zeolite and coconut shell-activated carbon as adsorbents to improve the quality of cooking oil. This research utilizes an experimental-quantitative method. Variations in composition include sample A (bulk cooking oil: 75% and processed natural zeolite: 25%), sample B (bulk cooking oil: 75% and coconut shell activated carbon: 25%), sample C (used cooking oil: 75% and processed natural zeolite: 25%), and sample D (used cooking oil: 75% and coconut shell activated carbon: 25%). The research results on the quality of coconut shell activated carbon obtain moisture content of 13.2%, ash content of 2.1%, volatile matter content of 17.9%, and carbon content of 80.0%, which meets the SNI 06-3730-1995 standard. Meanwhile, the quality results of cooking oil after the purification process obtain moisture content values of 0.09-0.10%, free fatty acid values of 0.14-0.30%, and normal color that does not exceed the maximum standard required by SNI 7709:2019 with a percentage reduction in moisture content of 0-60% and free fatty acids of 0-63.41%
Viability of bhk-21 fibroblast cells toward acrylic denture bases after reinforced by natural fibers
No full textThe use of acrylic denture bases in the oral cavity requires biocompatibility. This study investigated the viability of BHK-21 fibroblast cells after treatment with an acrylic denture base modified using natural fibers. Ramie and banana stem fibers were used as cost-effective alternatives to synthetic fibers. The study involved 42 acrylic resin specimens (10 mm diameter, 2 mm thickness) divided into groups: resin without fibers, 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.5% ramie fibers, and 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.5% banana stem fibers. The resin was incubated with cell culture media at 37°C for 7 days. Cytotoxicity testing using the MTT method revealed that all treatment groups had cell viability exceeding 70%, meeting ISO 10993-5 standards. No significant differences in cell viability were observed between the treatment groups and the control (media without specimens). Additionally, adding 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.5% ramie fibers did not affect BHK-21 cell viability compared to the resin-only control, while adding banana stem fibers increased cell viability compared to the control (P = 0.035; P = 0.021; and P = 0.011). In conclusion, increasing the concentration of natural fibers in acrylic denture bases did not negatively impact fibroblast cell growth
Developing post-pandemic livable and sustainable cities: providing space for urban activities in bandung
No full textProviding space for urban activities and preserving the environment are contradictory issues in urban development, including Bandung City, which COVID-19 exacerbates. With limited carrying capacity, the impact of COVID-19, and high levels of urban activity, there are issues regarding the impact of urban activity on the quality of the post-pandemic urban environment. Therefore, it is necessary to research the limitation of Bandung City's carrying capacity to accommodate post-pandemic urban activities. This research aims to formulate a post-pandemic development concept and framework for Bandung City based on the environment's ability to accommodate urban activities. The approach and analytical method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative analysis, which can explore and focus on deepening the literature used as a basis for drafting the concept. In general, this research results in the concept of a livable and sustainable post-pandemic development, including formulating indicators for Bandung that reflect what Bandung City needs to develop after the pandemic. This research is quite important because it can see the characteristics of Bandung City and formulate its development by the conditions of Bandung City so that the government or planner can use these results as evaluation material or suggestions for the Bandung City and West Java Provincial Government in monitoring and evaluating the implementation of strategies, policies, and programs inappropriate development with environmental capacity in the Bandung Basin Urban Area and North Bandung Area
Kinetic optimization of angkak – red ginger extraction and its impact on antioxidant activity
No full textA mixture of angkak and red ginger is a Chinese herbal concoction with potential as an antioxidant. This herbal combination can be extracted using the kinetic hot maceration method by optimizing the stirring speed to be more efficient. Previous studies have shown that using 400, 600, and 800 rpm stirring speeds provides the best IC50 and yield. Based on these problems, this research aims to determine the effect of increasing stirring speed on IC50 and % yield in the extraction of angkak and red ginger, as well as prove the benefits of this herbal combination through the IC50 value. The method used is extracting a mixture of angkak and red ginger at kinetic variations of 400, 600, and 800 rpm using a magnetic hotplate stirrer at a temperature of 60ºC for 2 hours; determination of % yield; determining the chromatogram profile using TLC; determination of antioxidant activity using DPPH; as well as data analysis of percentage yield and IC50 using SPSS. Analysis using SPSS shows that the stirring speed significantly affects the % yield, where increasing the moving speed above 400 rpm results in a decrease in the % yield. However, the moving speed does not affect the IC50. The TLC chromatogram profile shows the presence of 6-gingerol compounds in angkak and red and yellow pigment compounds in red ginger, which have potential as antioxidants. The optimization results in this study obtained optimal % yield and IC50 at 400 rpm with average values, respectively, namely 15.933 ± 3.4771% and 103.76 ± 10.032 ppm, and the combination of angkak and red ginger ingredients can work synergistically to increase yield and antioxidant