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Combined climate and regional mosquito habitat model based on machine learning
No full textBesides invasive mosquito species also several native species are proven or suspected vectors of arboviruses as West Nile or Usutu virus in Western Europe. Habitat models of these native vectors can be a helpful tool for assessing the risk of autochthonous occurrence, outbreaks and spread of diseases caused by such arboviruses. Modelling native mosquitoes is complicated because of the perfect adaptation to the climatic and landscape conditions and their high abundance in contrast to invasive species. Here we present a new approach for such a habitat model for native mosquito species in Germany, which are considered as vectors of West Nile virus (WNV). Epizootic emergence of WNV was registered in Germany since 2018. The models are based on surveillance data of mosquitoes from the German citizen science project “Mückenatlas” complemented by data from systematic trap monitoring in Germany, and on data freely available from the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) and OpenStreetMap (OSM). While climatic factors still play an important role, we could show that habitat suitability is predictable only by the combination of the climate model with a regional model. Both models were based on a machine-learning approach using XGBoost. Evaluation of the accuracy of the models was done by statistical analysis, determining among others feature importances using the SHAP-Library. Final output of the combined climatic and regional models are maps showing the superposed habitat suitability which are generated through a number of steps described in detail. These maps also include the registered cases of WNV infections in the selected region of Germany
A roadmap for the generation of benchmarking resources for antimicrobial resistance detection using next generation sequencing [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]
No full textNext Generation Sequencing technologies significantly impact the field of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) detection and monitoring, with immediate uses in diagnosis and risk assessment. For this application and in general, considerable challenges remain in demonstrating sufficient trust to act upon the meaningful information produced from raw data, partly because of the reliance on bioinformatics pipelines, which can produce different results and therefore lead to different interpretations. With the constant evolution of the field, it is difficult to identify, harmonise and recommend specific methods for large-scale implementations over time. In this article, we propose to address this challenge through establishing a transparent, performance-based, evaluation approach to provide flexibility in the bioinformatics tools of choice, while demonstrating proficiency in meeting common performance standards. The approach is two-fold: first, a community-driven effort to establish and maintain “live” (dynamic) benchmarking platforms to provide relevant performance metrics, based on different use-cases, that would evolve together with the AMR field; second, agreed and defined datasets to allow the pipelines’ implementation, validation, and quality-control over time. Following previous discussions on the main challenges linked to this approach, we provide concrete recommendations and future steps, related to different aspects of the design of benchmarks, such as the selection and the characteristics of the datasets (quality, choice of pathogens and resistances, etc.), the evaluation criteria of the pipelines, and the way these resources should be deployed in the community
Reliability of Data Acquisition and Processing Approaches for Chromatography Detection Systems in Pharmacy
No full textNowadays pharmaceutical analysis and industry could not be imagined without using chromatographic methods like the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography (GC). Therefore, the field of chromatography is already firmly anchored in the three important, regional pharmacopeias: EP, USP and JP. Deficits of specifications within these pharmacopoeias relating to the detector parameters sampling rate and signal filtration are the major motivation of this thesis. Furthermore investigations on the data acquisition and processing within the detectors and software products dealing with collected data were done. Several concepts like double entry method, smoothing optimization and signal filtration based on persistence have been developed and are used as tools to examine the data integrity of commercial Chromatography Data System (CDS), improve the signal-to-noise ratio of small peaks to lower the LOD and LOQ by efficient denoising, and determine the suitable filter parameters and sampling rates an user can apply on his system to accelerate the method development and validation. All developments have been tested on simulated and real chromatograms and have shown that they are suitable for their specific purposes. In the end optimizations in the concepts still exist but some new aspects in the long-term investigated field of chromatography have been discovered
Development, evaluation and integration of methods to optimize the usage of automatic speech recognition for robotics applications
No full textDie vorliegende Masterarbeit gibt einen Einblick in die Konzeption und Entwicklung einer modularen Experimentierplattform für Audioverarbeitung und automatischer Spracherkennung. Darüber hinaus wurde ein Testaufbau- und Ablauf erarbeitet mit dessen Aufnahmen objektive Bewertungen durch die Ergebnisse der Spracherkennungssoftware bezüglich der Aufnahmegüte vollzogen werden konnten. Dies wurde mit verschiedenen Audioeingabegeräten und Spracherkennungsprogrammen durchgeführt. Auf dieser Daten- und Bewertungsgrundlage kam es zur Implementierung von Signalverarbeitungsverfahren zur Aufbereitung der Audiodaten, mit dem Ziel die Erkennungsrate der automatischen Spracherkennung dadurch zu steigern.This master's thesis covers the process of design and development of a modular software framework for experimenting with audio processing and automatic speech recognition. Furthermore, a test setup and procedure was created to record speech with different devices and evaluate objectively the recordings by utilizing the outcome of various speech recognition software. Based on this data and evaluation basis, signal processing methods were implemented to increase the recognition rate using a preprocessing of the recording signal
Bericht Forschung und Transfer 2019
No full textProjekte und Publikationen der TH Wildau aus dem Jahr 2019
Implementation approaches for distributed energy management systems in production
No full textThe energy management of manufacturing facilities must be taken increasing account for an efficient operation within a production process. Future efforts and solutions will focus on improvement of the process stability and on cost reduction to meet the needs of successfully compete in local and global markets especially for SME. The paper describes an approach for manufacturing facilities using an example for thermoprocessing equipment. For this purpose, the TPS-principle Jidōka is used, the mechanism of self-adapting limit setting as well as an implementation is presented prototypically
Prozessoptimierung und Konsolidierung verteilter Datenbestände in Bibliotheken : am Beispiel von Haushalts- und Erwerbungsdaten der SLUB Dresden
No full textDie Motivation für diese Masterarbeit entstand durch den dringenden Bedarf an technischer Unterstützung beim Datenabgleich von Rechnungsdaten zwischen dem Haushaltssystem und dem Bibliotheksmanagementsystem der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden daher die zum Erwerbungsprozess gehörenden Geschäftsprozesse begutachtet und analysiert sowie die Probleme und Schwachstellen herausgearbeitet. Parallel dazu wurde eine Anwenderumfrage zwischen den in Deutschland befindlichen wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken, die das Bibliotheksmanagementsystem LIBERO verwenden, durchgeführt. Die Befragung zielte darauf ab, zu ermitteln, welchen Stellenwert das Bibliothekssystem LIBERO in anderen Bibliotheken bei der Budgetierung und Überwachung der finanziellen Mittel einnimmt. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sind in die prototypische Entwicklung einer Datenbank eingeflossen, mit der es möglich ist Rechnungsdaten des Haushaltssystems mit dem des Bibliotheksmanagementsystems besser auf Unregelmäßigkeiten prüfen zu können
Determining All Integer Vertices of the PESP Polytope by Flipping Arcs
No full textWe investigate polyhedral aspects of the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem (PESP), the mathematical basis for periodic timetabling problems in public transport. Flipping the orientation of arcs, we obtain a new class of valid inequalities, the flip inequalities, comprising both the known cycle and change-cycle inequalities. For a point of the LP relaxation, a violated flip inequality can be found in pseudo-polynomial time, and even in linear time for a spanning tree solution. Our main result is that the integer vertices of the polytope described by the flip inequalities are exactly the vertices of the PESP polytope, i.e., the convex hull of all feasible periodic slacks with corresponding modulo parameters. Moreover, we show that this flip polytope equals the PESP polytope in some special cases. On the computational side, we devise several heuristic approaches concerning the separation of cutting planes from flip inequalities. We finally present better dual bounds for the smallest and largest instance of the benchmarking library PESPlib
Direct observation and simultaneous use of linear and quadratic electro-optical effects
No full textWe report on the direct observation and simultaneous use of the linear and quadratic electro-optical effect and propose a method by which higher-order susceptibilities of electro-optical materials can be determined. The evaluation is based on the separation of the second- and third-order susceptibilities and the experimental technique uses a slot waveguide ring resonator fabricated in integrated photonic circuit technology, which is embedded by a guest-host polymer system consisting of the azobenzene dye Disperse Red 1 in a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix as an active electro-optical material. The contribution of both effects on the electro-optical response under the influence of static and time-varying electrical fields is investigated. We show that the quadratic electro-optical effect has a significant influence on the overall electro-optical response even with acentric molecular orientated molecules. Our findings have important implications for developing electro-optical devices based on polymer-filled slot waveguides and give rise to advanced photonic circuits
Improving Synchronization in an Air and High-Speed Rail Integration Service via Adjusting a Rail Timetable: A Real-World Case Study in China
No full textAir and high-speed rail (AH) integration services are gaining ground with the development of the high-speed railway and airline industries. A well-designed feeder train timetable with good synchronization is of great significance in an AH integration service, because it can improve the connectivity at transfer nodes and offer more opportunities for intermodal passengers to travel. In this study, we propose a multi-objective model of a feeder railway timetable problem in an AH integration service to improve synchronization. The aims of the optimization model are to maximize the number of synchronizations and the coverage of synchronized flights, as well as to minimize the transfer penalties of passengers. We focus on a scenario of a partial subnetwork in which one direction of a two-direction railroad line with one transfer station is considered. The model is applied to Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport, China. The results illustrate the effectiveness of the approach developed in the paper