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Abstellgleise in Schnellbahnnetzen – für Disposition freihalten?
No full textIn Schnellbahnnetzen dienen Abstellgleise im Netz vor allem zwei Zwecken: Abstellung von Fahrzeugen außerhalb der Hauptverkehrszeit (HVZ), oder bei einer Totalsperrung dem operativen Kehrbetrieb. Wenn ein Gleis nicht für planmäßige Abstellung genutzt werden soll, dann können planmäßig mehr Leerkilometer nötig werden. Steht ein Abstellgleis bei einer Totalsperrung nicht der Disposition zur Verfügung, dann kann je nach Gleistopologie weniger dicht an die Sperrung herangefahren werden. Das Verkehrsangebot wäre dann noch stärker eingeschränkt. Für diesen Abwägungsprozess wird ein Schema vorgestellt, welches für ein Gleis bewertet, wie viele Leerkilometer sinnvoll eingeplant werden können, um es für operativen Kehrbetrieb freizuhalten. Dieses wurde bei der S-Bahn Berlin GmbH für den Netzfahrplan 2026 berücksichtigt
Algorithmen zur Autorennamendisambiguierung – Analyse, Validierung und Anwendung in der Fraunhofer-Publica
No full textDiese Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit einer Autorennamendisambiguierung für die Fraunhofer-Publica. Es werden die Nachweise zu wissenschaftlichen Publikationen der Fraunhofer-Publica analysiert und anschließend durch externe Webinformationen angereichert. Es wird analysiert, mit welchen Metadatenfeldern eine geeignete Autorennamendisambiguierung durchgeführt werden kann. Dabei werden Merkmale wie Vornamen, Affiliation, Koautorennamen und inhaltliche Informationen wie Titel und Abstract erprobt. Mittels der Koautorennamen wird eine Koautorennamen-Analyse durchgeführt. Für die Titel und Abstracts werden Embeddings durch ein großes Sprachmodell (Large Language Model, LLM) erstellt und eine semantische Ähnlichkeitsanalyse vorgenommen. Für das Clustering wird DBSCAN genutzt. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zeigen, dass insbesondere große Sprachmodelle für eine Autorennamendisambiguierung sehr gut geeignet sind.This study deals with an author name disambiguation problem for the Fraunhofer-Publica. The references to scientific publications of Fraunhofer-Publica are analyzed and then enriched with external web information. It is analyzed with which metadata fields a suitable author name disambiguation can be carried out. Characteristics such as first names, affiliation, co-author names and content information such as title and abstract are tested. A co-author name analysis is carried out using the co-author names. For the titles and abstracts, embeddings are created using a Large Language Model (LLM) and a semantic similarity analysis is carried out. DBSCAN is used for the clustering process. The results of the study show that LLMs are particularly suitable for author name disambiguation. (Übersetzt mit DeepL, freie Version
Optimized silicon nitride-spaced graphene electro-optic modulator with high efficiency and bandwidth
No full textOptical modulators with high modulation efficiency, large operational bandwidth, high-speed and low energy consumption is essential for the advancement of on-chip optical signal processing. To overcome the bandwidth-efficiency trade-off in graphene optical modulators, a buried silicon nitride waveguide-coupled double-layer graphene electro-absorption (EA) optical modulator has been proposed. In the proposed design, silicon nitride layer is also embedded between the two graphene layers as a dielectric spacer to enhance the graphene-light interaction. An extensive simulation has been performed to optimize the dielectric spacing layers between the two graphene for optimal device performance including the waveguide dimensions and optical modes profile. The simulated results show a high modulation efficiency of 1.1 dB/V and a modulation depth of 0.16 dB/µm, corresponding to a 15-dB extinction ratio for a 100 µm device at 1550 nm, with a 30 nm spacer and 12 V driving voltage. The proposed modulator achieves a 14 GHz bandwidth and operates over a 1050 nm broadband operation spectral range. The concurrent presence of high modulation bandwidth and efficiency renders these modulator designs highly viable for on-chip optical communication applications
To optimise the diagnostic process of rheumatic diseases affecting the hands using fluorescence optical imaging (FOI)
No full textBackground
Accurate and rapid diagnosis of rheumatic diseases is essential for further treatment decision. Different rheumatic diseases present characteristic patterns (image features) in fluorescence optical imaging (FOI). We developed an atlas of FOI image features and tested its ability to differentiate various rheumatic diseases.
Methods
FOI images from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), connective tissue diseases (CTD) and osteoarthritis (OA) were analysed by two readers blinded for diagnosis and calibrated against each other, using the prima vista mode (PVM) and an automated 5-phase model. Twenty-six different reoccurring typical signal enhancement patterns (features) indicating inflamed joints, nail or skin were defined and all FOI images were scored accordingly. The feature frequency in each patient cohort and phase (PVM, 5-phase) was counted. Contingency tables were created with categorical variable counts and diagnosis using common formulae.
Findings
Four hundred thirty-eight patients with RA (n=117), PsA (n=110), CTD (n=121) and OA (n=90) were included. Once the data had been categorised, a two-step diagnostic pathway was developed: in the first step, OA was best distinguished from the other diseases with high specificity by five patterns (specificity >0.9, diagnostic OR between 2.34 and 8.24). In a second step, the remaining autoimmune diseases were differentiated from each other by a certain number of features (five for RA, 12 for PsA and four for CTD).
Interpretation
This was the first study to show that feature analysis in FOI helps to differentiate typical rheumatic diseases from each other, potentially simplifying and speeding up the diagnostic process. Therefore, FOI could be considered an additional component of a wider range of imaging techniques used in rheumatology
KI-gestütztes Kooperationsmanagement in der frühen Phase des Entrepreneurships
No full textIn today's dynamic industry, successful start-ups require not only innovative ideas, but also the right partners – artificial intelligence can help bring them together efficiently and in a targeted manner. This article discusses the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in cooperation management at start-up events. The authors present the AI-supported matchmaking tool ‘KIKma’, which uses profile and interest analyses to make targeted cooperation suggestions to founders, investors and mentors. The system is based on a transformer model that classifies participant profiles and generates suggestions for targeted speed dating slots. The results show a high degree of accuracy, but occasional misclassifications occur due to ambiguities. This could be improved by fine-tuning the model or optimising the questionnaires. The aim is to facilitate exchange in the start-up landscape and establish an intelligent, adaptive cooperation network in the long term. The authors see great potential for future applications in innovation management in the continuous optimisation of the matching algorithm.In der heutigen dynamischen Industrie erfordern erfolgreiche Gründungen nicht nur innovative Ideen, sondern auch die richtigen Partner – Künstliche Intelligenz kann helfen, diese effizient und gezielt zusammenzubringen. Der Beitrag thematisiert die Rolle Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) im Kooperationsmanagement von Gründungsveranstaltungen. Die Autoren stellen das KI-gestützte Matchmaking-Tool „KIKma“ vor, das Gründern, Investoren und Mentoren anhand von Profil- und Interessenanalysen gezielte Kooperationsvorschläge macht. Das System basiert auf einem Transformer-Modell, das Teilnehmerprofile klassifiziert und für gezielte Speed-Dating-Slots Vorschläge generiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine hohe Treffsicherheit, allerdings treten gelegentlich Fehlzuordnungen durch Ambiguitäten auf. Dies könnte durch ein Finetuning des Modells oder eine Optimierung der Fragebögen verbessert werden. Ziel ist es, den Austausch in der Gründerlandschaft zu erleichtern und langfristig ein intelligentes, adaptives Kooperationsnetzwerk zu etablieren. Die Autoren sehen in der kontinuierlichen Optimierung des Matching-Algorithmus großes Potenzial für zukünftige Anwendungen im Innovationsmanagement
Flow-Line-Reducing Tetrahedral Metal Effect Pigments for Injection Molding: A Yield-Rate-Improved Particle Manufacturing Method Based on Soft UVImprint Lithography
No full textThis publication presents an improved manufacturing method for tetrahedral metal effect pigment particles that demonstrates reduced flowlines in injection-molded polymer components compared with conventional platelet-shaped pigment particles. The previously published cold forming process for tetrahedral particles, made entirely from aluminum, faced manufacturing challenges, resulting in a high reject rate due to particle adhesion to the micro-structured mold roller. In contrast, this study introduces a new manufacturing method for tetrahedral particles, now consisting of metallized UV-cured thermoset polymer. These particles, dispersed in amorphous matrix thermoplastics, have shown to maintain their shape during the injection molding process. The manufacturing technique for these novel particles is based on UV imprint lithography, omitting the reject rates compared with the previously presented cold rolling process of tetrahedral full aluminum particles. Thus, the novel manufacturing technique for tetrahedral pigment particles shows increased potential for automation through roll-to-roll manufacturing in the future
Academic & educational networking as a mechanism for the resilience of university cooperation in the digital era
No full textThe article investigates the evolution of digital educational networks as instruments of resilience and sustainability within German-Ukrainian higher education cooperation. Its primary objective is to analyze how academic networking contributes to maintaining educational continuity, fostering innovation, and strengthening institutional adaptability under crisis conditions. The study focuses on two representative initiatives, the Digital Teaching Network (DTN) and the Wildau-Kharkiv IT Bridge, which exemplify the transition from traditional digital platforms to interconnected network ecosystems. Methodologically, the research combines quantitative and qualitative approaches, including an online survey, focus group discussions, and content analysis of responses from 185 participants representing 21 universities in both countries. This mixed-method design enables a comprehensive understanding of the motivational, organizational, and social determinants of participation in educational networks. The analysis identifies four main categories of network actors, initiators, active collaborators, occasional participants, and observers, whose interaction defines the internal dynamics and resilience of such networks. The study’s findings demonstrate that networking serves as a key mechanism for sustaining academic interaction, enhancing educators’ digital competencies, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration. It further shows that niche educational networks, those focused on specific thematic or professional domains, play an increasingly important role in advancing specialized expertise and fostering trust-based partnerships beyond the lifespan of individual projects. The scientific novelty of the article lies in conceptualizing the shift from digital platforms as technical tools to educational networks as socio-institutional ecosystems. Practically, the results highlight the potential of network-based cooperation to support the sustainable development, modernization, and internationalization of Ukrainian higher education in the digital era
Bericht Forschung und Transfer 2024
No full textProjekte und Publikationen der Technischen Hochschule Wildau aus dem Jahr 2024
Evaluation of German Automatic Speech Recognition solutions in the context of speech and language therapy support of people with aphasia
No full textThose who suffer from aphasia benefit from digital speech and language therapy solutions, and automatic speech recognition (ASR) has been already used for giving feedback on the correctness of the answers in naming exercises. AphaDIGITAL application is to provide German-speaking users with detailed feedback on phonemic/phonetic and semantic errors, based on automatic speech and language processing. For this purpose, open-source ASR solutions for German were evaluated on different corpora of atypical speech, including two small datasets with aphasic speech samples. Character error rate, the number of precisely recognized items and empty outputs served as evaluation metrics. The four selected models are generally robust to the deteriorated condition of speech and audio quality and consistently outperform commercial models in atypical speech recognition. Applying error acceptance threshold, additional use of phonemic error rate, and other valuable insights for ASR implementation in aphaDIGITAL are discussed
Split-Aperture Xolography – Linear Volumetric Photoactivation with Short Axial Dimension and Low out of Focus Excitation
No full textSpatially confined photo-excitation with the lowest possible activation of the remaining volume is of central importance for high-resolution high-density optical data storage, fluorescence microscopy, 3D-lithography, and 3D-printing. Two-photon absorption (2PA) enables such applications yet leads to slow processing speed due to the underlying non-linear absorption process. Here, Split-Aperture Xolography (SAX), is introduced which uses stepwise excitation of dual-color responsive molecules to initiate a linear volumetric photo-reaction process that is up to several orders of magnitude more efficient than 2PA. The capabilities of SAX are investigated in a scenario study for focusing systems with high numerical aperture (NA) using a Python implementation of vectorial diffraction theory. The intersecting half-cones generated by the split illuminated entrance aperture of the objective reduce the axial focal spot size of the activation distribution by up to a factor of two compared to 2PA targeting the same electronic transition. A steep average decline of the activation probability with the fifth power away from focus is found for a wide range of directions. This is significantly better in comparison to 2PA and prevents that undesired out-of-focus excitation events sum-up with subsequent irradiations. This approach is expected to be advantageous for volumetric methods at the nanoscale