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1283 research outputs found
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The Peculiarities of Measuring Bone Density in Males and Females Using Uncertainty Calculation
No full textThe article discusses the approach to solving the problem of reducing time spent on the preparation of medical images for teaching neural networks, by reducing the time of creating masks for images. The task is considered on the example of processing images of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinus. The specifics of the task did not allow effectively using existing software solutions. During the study, a software solution was proposed, which made it possible to radically reduce the time of creating masks for images. The article also analyzes the shortcomings of the automated creation of masks, as well as the directions of their solution. The loss of time due to the adjustment of the color palette can be reduced even more to 1-2 minutes, the average deviation is 7.61%
Formal Group Fairness and Accuracy in Automated Decision Making
No full textMost research on fairness in Machine Learning assumes the relationship between fairness and accuracy to be a trade-off, with an increase in fairness leading to an unavoidable loss of accuracy. In this study, several approaches for fair Machine Learning are studied to experimentally analyze the relationship between accuracy and group fairness. The results indicated that group fairness and accuracy may even benefit each other, which emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate measures for performance evaluation. This work provides a foundation for further studies on the adequate objectives of Machine Learning in the context of fair automated decision making
Traffic Data Evaluation for Automated Driving Handover Scenarios
No full textAt the current stage of automated vehicle development, the control handover from the system to a human driver (and back) is inevitable. It is essential to distinguish between situations in which the handover is possible and in which it could be dangerous and is therefore highly undesirable. We evaluated traffic situations based on two modalities: own vehicle state and traffic objects. To assess the former, supervised machine learning was applied, reaching an accuracy of 80.3% and specificity of 77.8% with Multilayer perceptron Classification. Traffic objects data were subject to different clustering techniques. The final grouping was done according to manually elaborated rules, resulting in a range of situation complexity scores. Improving the discriminative power of vehicle state classification, including driver’s state and weather information, and predicting situation complexity are to be addressed in future research
Optical and Mechanical Properties of Thin PTFE Films, Deposited from a Gas Phase
No full textThin polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films are produced by deposition from a gas phase by two methods: electron-enhanced vacuum deposition (EVD) and EVD + low-temperature plasma (LTP). Structure, morphology, and composition of the films are studied by IR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. They are close to the structure of bulk PTFE. The roughness of the films’ surface is changed with gas pressure and LTP power variations. Films are transparent from UV to near-infrared regions. Refractive and extinction indices and their anisotropy are measured by spectral ellipsometry. They are tuned by variations of deposition conditions. Hardness and Young modulus of the films are increased if EVD + low power LTP is used for film deposition. Use of EVD + LTP also increases thermal stability of the films. Contact angle of the films corresponds to the bulk PTFE. The PTFE molecules oriented are preferentially in perpendicular direction to the substrate surface
Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of silicon nitride for front-end-of-line applications
No full textSiN deposition at low temperatures using the plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process is gaining momentum. A high-quality SiN layer deposited using a lower thermal budget and low wet etch rates are desired for front-end-of-line applications in semiconductor industries. In this study, deposition of PEALD SiN is investigated by utilizing a highly reactive trisilylamine silicon precursor and three different reaction partners for a nitrogen precursor. The quality of PEALD SiN layers is compared with the reference standard, low-pressure chemical vapor deposition SiN layers. The properties of different SiN layers are interpreted using FTIR and XPS material characterization techniques. Furthermore, the wet etch rates of as-deposited and annealed PEALD SiN layers are investigated. Finally, the conformality of PEALD SiN layers is assessed in trench and horizontal high aspect ratio structures
Selecting the Electorate: Disenfranchisement and Selective Voter Registration in Electoral Autocracies
No full textAutocrats utilize (nominally) democratic elections, to claim procedural legitimation. To secure their political survival in these elections, they have an extensive menu of manipulation at their disposal. These manipulations are not only addressed at contestation but also inclusiveness of the elections. Although autocrats formally claim universal suffrage, informal restrictions and practices are implemented. Analyzing elections held between 1970 and 2020 in electoral autocracies, I find empiric evidence for strategic adjustments of suffrage rights as a response to electoral contexts
Sustainable production of injection moulds through additive manufacturing and improved application of energy management
No full textThe concept of this thesis is to optimize the manufacturing process of injection moulding tools by using additive manufacturing and thus contribute to environmental protection. For this purpose, the individual steps of the traditional manufacturing process are identified and analysed to determine which steps can be replaced by additive manufacturing. The first step is to clarify which mould components can benefit from additive manufacturing. In particular, the capabilities and limitations of additive manufacturing technologies must be considered.
Furthermore, another focus is on how to optimize the cooling and temperature control of the tools. Potential savings through the use of lightweight or insulating surfaces will be examined. In addition to the technical feasibility, the cost-effectiveness of the concept will also be considered. Finally, the contribution of the concept to the reduction of the environmental impact will be evaluated. In particular, energy savings and the reduction of CO2 emissions are taken into account.
The potential to optimize the injection mould manufacturing process and reduce environmental impact is significant. Using additive manufacturing can be an economic and environmental advantage
Concept and simulation of micromixers and aliquoting for PCR systems
No full textIn this paper, different concepts for mixing sample and master mix by means of simulation are discussed. The main focus was on mixers with a low dead volume, because of their relevance to PCR. In addition, a concept for aliquoting the mixed solution was elaborated and simulated. The simulation showed very good mixing with serpentineand tesla-mixers at flow rates of 1-16 µL/s. Furthermore, a uniform distribution with aliquoting could be achieved, while a slight dependence between flow rate and pressure was observed. In the further course, these concepts are to be combined and tested on a microfluidic chip. This can then be integrated into the workflow of existing PCR protocols
Kann die Spur von Bibliotheken nicht in Äonen untergehen?
No full textDer Beitrag bezieht über zwei Narrative zu einer Vision Stellung, die hoffentlich in greifbarer Nähe ist. Die Aussichten beziehen sich auf die Selbstorganisation und den neu zu gestaltenden Kreislauf des Wissens, wofür sich Bibliotheken zuständig fühlen
A Use Case for Digital Tools in Crafts: Simulation and Virtual Reality for Carpentries
No full textThis paper presents an integrated approach to explore human factors in the craft sector. The embedded use case consists of craft workshops being 3D-modelled and simulated so that different scheduling rules can be deployed. The connected VR visualization allows craft professionals to experience scheduling rules and their impact on different performance measurements in an environ-ment intuitively resembling their actual workshops. The lessons learned from the simulation modelling are collected and presented. A modular approach appears to be beneficial for simulation modelling, offering flexibility and pragmatism but detail when needed. Apart from this anecdotal evidence, the study is accompanied by interviews. These are analyzed based on abduction grounded theory which combines a strong focus on the actual corpus of qualitative data but considers theoretical foundations, when appropriate. This paper presents the study design, and how it interties with the research approach and the use case of simulation and virtual reality for carpentries