Hochschulschriftenserver der TH Wildau
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Hinreichende Spezifikation einer KI-Funktion am Beispiel Fußgängerschutz
No full textTransparenz und Erklärbarkeit sind essenzielle Faktoren bei der Entwicklung sicherer KI-Modelle für den Fußgängerschutz. Dies ermöglicht nicht nur eine verbesserte Akzeptanz, sondern fördert auch das Vertrauen der Nutzer in die präventiven Fähigkeiten dieser Systeme.
Die Integration von Sensoren, maschinellem Lernen und fortschrittlichen Algorithmen ermöglicht eine präzise Analyse von Fußgängerverhalten und Umgebungsfaktoren. Dabei spielt die Echtzeitverarbeitung eine entscheidende Rolle, um schnell auf sich ändernde Situationen zu reagieren.
Zusätzlich zur Technologieentwicklung betont diese Analyse die Notwendigkeit strikter Sicherheitsmaßnahmen, um potenzielle Risiken und Sicherheitslücken zu minimieren. Dazu gehören Sicherheitsprotokolle für die Datenspeicherung, den Modellschutz und den Zu-griff auf KI-Systeme.
Die Einhaltung gesetzlicher und ethischer Richtlinien ist ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt. Regulatorische Vorgaben und ethische Standards sollen sicherstellen, dass KI-Technologien im Automobilsektor nicht nur sicher, sondern auch im Einklang mit gesellschaftlichen Werten und Normen eingesetzt werden
Implementation of the Uncertainty Calculation for the Detection of Negative Effect of Smoking on the Bone Density of Paranasal Sinuses
No full textThe aim was to implement uncertainty calculation for detecting the negative effects of smoking on the bone density of the paranasal sinus. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 male participants aged 20 to 44 were included in the study and divided into two groups. The first group comprised individuals with minimal harmful habits, while the second group consisted of individuals who had been smoking for at least 10 years, consuming 1 to 2 packs of cigarettes per day. Results Bone density has a negative impact on the bone tissue of the upper wall of the maxillary sinus. The findings suggest that individuals with a pronounced decrease in minimum density, as well as those with a marked difference between minimum and maximum density values, may require heightened medical attention due to potential associations with undiagnosed diseases or specific structural characteristics in the skull. Conclusions. The uncertainty calculation was implemented for the detection of negative effect of smoking on the bone density of paranasal sinuses. The calculated difference between maximum and minimum density during the research suggests significant medical implications, especially considering the heterogeneity of the trabecular bone structure in the skull. Individuals with a marked difference may require heightened medical attention, potentially associated with undiagnosed diseases or specific structural characteristics in the skull
6G NeXt — Joint Communication and Compute Mobile Network: Use Cases and Architecture
No full textThe research on the new generation mobile networks is currently in the phase of defining the key technologies to make 6G successful. Hereby, the research project 6G NeXt is aiming to provide a tight integration between the communication network, consisting of the radio access as well as backbone network, and processing facilities. By the concept of split computing, the processing facilities are distributed over the entire backbone network, from centralised cloud to the edge cloud at a base station. Based on two demanding use cases, Smart Drones and Hologradic Communication, we investigate a joint communication and compute architecture that will make the application of tomorrow become reality
Long-lasting XUV activation of helium nanodroplets for avalanche ionization
No full textWe study the dynamics of avalanche ionization of pure helium nanodroplets activated by a weak extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulse and driven by an intense near-infrared (NIR) pulse. In addition to a transient enhancement of ignition of a nanoplasma at short delay times fs, long-term activation of the nanodroplets lasting up to a few nanoseconds is observed. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the short-term activation is caused by the injection of seed electrons into the droplets by XUV photoemission. Long-term activation appears due to electrons remaining loosely bound to photoions which form stable 'snowball' structures in the droplets. Thus, we show that XUV irradiation can induce long-lasting changes of the strong-field optical properties of nanoparticles, potentially opening new routes to controlling avalanche-ionization phenomena in nanostructures and condensed-phase systems
Variation of butyrate production in the gut microbiome in type 2 diabetes patients
No full textBackground
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a common disease that poses a challenge to the healthcare system. The disease is very often diagnosed late. A better understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes can support early detection and form an approach for therapies. Microbiome analysis offers a potential opportunity to find markers for this disease. Next-generation sequencing methods can be used to identify the bacteria present in the stool sample and to generate a microbiome profile through an analysis pipeline. Statistical analysis, e.g., using Student’s t-test, allows the identification of significant differences. The investigations are not only focused on single bacteria, but on the determination of a comprehensive profile. Also, the consideration of the functional microbiome is included in the analyses. The dataset is not from a clinical survey, but very extensive.
Results
By examining 946 microbiome profiles of diabetes mellitus type 2 sufferers (272) and healthy control persons (674), a large number of significant genera (25) are revealed. It is possible to identify a large profile for type 2 diabetes disease. Furthermore, it is shown that the diversity of bacteria per taxonomic level in the group of persons with diabetes mellitus type 2 is significantly reduced compared to a healthy control group. In addition, six pathways are determined to be significant for type 2 diabetes describing the fermentation to butyrate. These parameters tend to have high potential for disease detection.
Conclusions
With this investigation of the gut microbiome of persons with diabetes type 2 disease, we present significant bacteria and pathways characteristic of this disease
Plano-concave optical sensor for transcranial photoacoustic measurements
No full textBiomedical photoacoustics is usually used to image absorption-based contrast in soft tissues up to depths of several centimeters and with sub-millimeter resolution. By contrast, measuring Photoacoustic (PA) signals through hard bone tissue shows severe signal degradation due to aberration and high attenuation of high frequency acoustic signal components. This is particularly noticeable when measuring through thicker, human, skull bone. Which is the main reason why transcranial PA imaging in humans has so far proved challenging to implement. To tackle this challenge, we developed an optical resonator sensor based on a previous planar-concave design. This sensor was found to be highly suitable for measuring the low-pressure amplitude and low acoustic frequency signals that are transmitted through human cranial bone. A plano-concave optical resonator sensor was fabricated to provide high sensitivity in the acoustic frequency range of DC to around 2 MHz, a low noise equivalent pressure and a small active element size enabling it to significantly outperform conventional piezoelectric transducers when measuring PA waves transmitted through ex vivo human cranial bones
ASTONRail-Handbook – eine interaktive Übersicht über Eisenbahnstudiengänge und Lehrmethoden
No full textDas ASTONRail-Handbook ist eine webbasierte, interaktive Informationssammlung für künftige Nachwuchskräfte der Eisenbahnbranche und Lehrende in der eisenbahnrelevanten Hochschulbildung. Es soll u.a. die Suche nach passenden Studienmöglichkeiten erleichtern und Anregungen für eine modernere Hochschulbildung im Eisenbahnsektor bieten. Es ist einfach zu bedienen und um weitere Funktionen erweiterbar
Silent Death by Sound: C60 Fullerene Sonodynamic Treatment of Cancer Cells
No full textThe acoustic pressure waves of ultrasound (US) not only penetrate biological tissues deeper than light, but they also generate light emission, termed sonoluminescence. This promoted the idea of its use as an alternative energy source for photosensitizer excitation. Pristine C60 fullerene (C60), an excellent photosensitizer, was explored in the frame of cancer sonodynamic therapy (SDT). For that purpose, we analyzed C60 effects on human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells in combination with a low-intensity US treatment. The time-dependent accumulation of C60 in HeLa cells reached its maximum at 24 h (800 ± 66 ng/106 cells). Half of extranuclear C60 is localized within mitochondria. The efficiency of the C60 nanostructure’s sonoexcitation with 1 MHz US was tested with cell-based assays. A significant proapoptotic sonotoxic effect of C60 was found for HeLa cells. C60′s ability to induce apoptosis of carcinoma cells after sonoexcitation with US provides a promising novel approach for cancer treatment
Intelligent Decision Support System for Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Odontogenic Rhinosinusitis Based on U-Net Segmentation
No full textThe share of chronic odontogenic rhinosinusitis is 40% among all chronic rhinosinusitis. Using automated information systems for differential diagnosis will improve the efficiency of decision-making by doctors in diagnosing chronic odontogenic rhinosinusitis. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an intelligent decision support system for the differential diagnosis of chronic odontogenic rhinosinusitis based on computer vision methods. A dataset was collected and processed, including 162 MSCT images. A deep learning model for image segmentation was developed. A 23 convolutional layer U-Net network architecture has been used for the segmentation of multi-spiral computed tomography (MSCT) data with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. The proposed model is implemented in such a way that each pair of repeated 3 × 3 convolutions layers is followed by an Exponential Linear Unit instead of a Rectified Linear Unit as an activation function. The model showed an accuracy of 90.09%. To develop a decision support system, an intelligent chatbot allows the user to conduct an automated patient survey and collect patient examination data from several doctors of various profiles. The intelligent information system proposed in this study made it possible to combine an image processing model with a patient interview and examination data, improving physician decision-making efficiency in the differential diagnosis of Chronic Odontogenic Rhinosinusitis. The proposed solution is the first comprehensive solution in this area
Modellansatz zur Prozessoptimierung beim hydroadhäsiven Greifen
No full textDer Produktlebenszyklus von Kleidung ist vor allem durch lange Lieferketten von Niedriglohnländern in Hochlohnländer gekennzeichnet. Die Eliminierung solcher Transportwege könnte dazu führen, dass der komplette Lebenszyklus von Kleidungsware nachhaltiger und umweltfreundlicher wird. Der Aufbau von Produktionsstätten in Hochlohnländern wird aktuell durch technische Herausforderungen des Produktionsprozesses von Kleidung bzw. allgemein biegeschlaffen Materialien verhindert. Aufgrund der Eigenschaften biegeschlaffer Materialien können die Entnahme bzw. definierte Ablage von Textilteilen heutzutage nur teilautomatisiert bzw. mit einem hohen Anteil manueller Tätigkeiten gelöst werden. Das Hydroadhäsive Greifen könnte eine Lösung sein, die oben genannten Prozesse zu automatisieren und die Produktion für Hochlohnländer zu vergünstigen. Jedoch verfügt das Verfahren noch über lange Zykluszeiten und die Haltekräfte sind nicht reproduzierbar. Weiterhin ist die Findung von Einstellparametern sehr zeitaufwendig und komplex. Die Lösung könnte eine intelligente Steuerung sein, dessen Kernstück ein datengetriebenes Modell für die Parameteroptimierung und -findung ist. Im Rahmen der Forschungsarbeiten wird ein Modellansatz zur Optimierung der Taktzeit beim hydroadhäsiven Greifen erarbeitet. Dabei wird die Gewinnung der Datengrundlage, das zu entwickelnde Modell sowie die eigentliche Validierung diskutiert