Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan
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An Analysis on the Effect of Farmer Attitude towards Income in Livestock Enterprises of Tegal Ducks in the Pesurungan Lor Village of Tegal City
Get PDFThe purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the duck farmer’s attitude on their income in livestock enterprises of Tegal ducks. Income was measured by the Revenue Cost Ratio, which is the ratio between revenues and expenditures cost that will show the level of profit achieved. The research was conducted in October to November 2012, in Gapoktan Purwadiwangsa, Pesurungan Lor Village, Margadana District, city of Tegal. This research was carried out using the survey method and observation method. The determination of respondent size was done using simple random sampling of as many as 100 duck farmers. The analysis of data was performed using the linear regression model of Y = β 0 + βX + δ with SPSS version 17.0. The variables in this research were, Y = Income (Revenue Cost Ratio), and X = Attitude of farmers . The research results showed that the average duck farmer display attitude (cognitive, affective and psycomotoric) in the good category. The average income was Rp 28.822.292 with an average business scale of 511 heads. The profit for each duck was Rp 56.403, and with a Revenue Cost Ratio (RCR) of 1,25, it meant the farmers ducks profited 25% per period. The attitude of duck farmers affected income by as much as 59.6%
DRY MATTER PRODUCTION, CARBOHYDRATE RESERVE CONTENT AND NITROGEN UTILIZATION IN SOME TROPICAL GRASSES AS INFLUENCED BY NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND AGE OF PLANTS
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at Kyushu University Experimental Field Japan, to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization and cutting age on dry mater yield, reserve carbohydrate content and nitrogen utilization in alang-alang, bahia grass and guinea grass. The grasses species were fertilized with 0. 7 and 1.5 g N/pot and cut at 50 and 70 days after nitrogen fertilization. Results of the experiment showed that as nitrogen rates increased, dry matter yield, foliage (stubble + underground parts) ratio, nitrogen concentration and nitrogen uptake of the three species increased. Alang-alang allocated a greater proportion of dry matter to stubble and underground plant parts than to foliage compared to those of bahia grass and guinea grass. Nitrogen fertilization had no consistent effect on reserve carbohydrate content, apparent nitrogen recovery and nitrogen use efficiency. Cutting at 70 days increased dry matter yield and nitrogen uptake but reduced nitrogen concentration of the three grass species. As plant grew older, foliage (stubble + underground parts) ratio decreased in alang-alang but in bahia grass and guinea grass it increased. Alang-alang was less responsive to applied nitrogen in term of nitrogen uptake compared with those of bahia grass and guinea grass, however as the plants grew older, guinea grass showed the highest nitrogen use efficiency compared with those of alang-alang and bahia grass
The Resistance of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From the Faeces of Broiler chicken towards the Conditions of the Broiler Digestive Tract
Get PDFThis research was conducted to determine the resistance degree of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the faeces of broilers towards various intestinal conditions, in order to select a lactic acid bacteria to be used as prospective probiotic. Ten types of LAB bacteria (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M7, M8, M23 ,M26, and M28) isolated from the faeces of broiler chicken were subjected to pH2, pH3, and pH4; to 3% bile salt and to the temperatures of 30oC, 37oC and 41oC. The results of the research showed that all LAB isolates experienced the highest colony reductions at pH2, which was around 3.2-5.5 log units/ml. The reduction of colony numbers at pH3 was approximately 1.8-3.1 log unit/ml, and the reduction at pH4 was around 1.0 – 2.5 log unit/ml. All the LAB isolates experienced a decrease of 0.5 log unit/ml to 1.6 log unit/ml in colony numbers after bile salt exposure. The reduction of colony numbers of ten LAB isolates at the temperatures of 30oC, 37oC and 41oC was 0.6 - 1.4 log unit/ml ; 0.1 – 0.5 log unit/ml and 0.7 – 1.4 log unit/ml, respectively. None of the ten isolates posses all of the expected characteristic, however based on its more superior ability to block the pathogenic micro-organism as well as its ability to survive in simulated gastro intestinal tract conditions, M1 was selected as prospective probiotic
Development Strategy for Rabbit in Soppeng Regency
Get PDFThe purpose of this research was to formulate alternative strategy that can be applied in developing rabbit farming in Soppeng Regency. The research was carried out from January 2011 to February 2011 in Lalabata Sub District, Soppeng Regency. The experiment was a descriptive study in which samples were taken purposively. Experimental data were analysed using SWOT analysis. The result research indicated that some strategies that might be developed, including 1) to extent market segment for rabbit ,2) to develop excellence breeding of rabbit 3) to intensify the extension regarding nutritive value of rabbit meat and a better management for rabbit farming
The Withdrawal Time of The Antibiotic of Zinc Bacitracin towards Its Residue in Broiler
Get PDFGenetic development of broiler is growing rapidly. Nowadays, broiler is slaughtered at the ages of 29 days rather than 35 days. Rapid growth is usually coupled by an immune deficiencies of broiler, therefore such feed additives as antibiotics is necessary to promote growth and improve endurance of the broiler. The purpose of this research was to investigate the amount of residue of Zinc bacitracin antibiotics in the thigh meat, breast meat, liver, and kidney of the broilers; and to determine the withdrawal time between the discontinuation of the antibiotic of the Zinc bacitracin and the slaughter of the broiler to eliminate or to reduce that residue so that the product of the broiler was safe for human consumption. The research was conducted at Sekolah Tinggi Penyuluhan Pertanian (STPP) Gowa. The broilers used in this study was strain Cobb SR 707, aged 29 days (unsexed), and were obtained from the local broiler farm. The ration containing the antibiotics of the Zinc bacitracin was terminated at day 0, 3, 6, and 9 before slaughtering. The bacteria used to test the dilution sensitivity was Staphylococcus aureus (105-108 colony mL-1). The transmittance reading of the sample solution from the Spectrophotometer was inputted into standard curve generated by from pure antibiotics to determine the antibiotics residue in the samples. The results were then compared with the value of SNI Number: 01-6366-2000 of year 2000. The data were analyzed descriptively and with a non linier regression analysis. The results revealed that the level of the Zinc bacitracin residue decreased following the duration of the cessation of the Zinc bacitracin antibiotic treatment. The antibiotic residue in the sample was smaller than that set in the standards (SNI, 2000) so that the broiler products were safe for human consumption
Characteristics of Edible Film Made from Dangke Whey and Agar Using different Percentage of Glicerol
Get PDFComposites of whey dangke and agar can form edible film. The downside of this edible film are fragile, brittle and inflexible. Addition of glycerol, which is one of plasticizers, may improve characteristics of edible film to be more elastic, flexible and not easy to become fragile. The proper use of glycerol will affect the characteristics of the edible film. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the percentage of glycerol to the edible film characteristics, including yield, thickness, tensile strength, elongation, and color. This study was carried out according to completely randomized design consisted of three levels of glycerol concentrations, i.e. 25%, 35%, and 45% as treatments. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The results study indicated that the thickness of edible film ranged from 0.024 mm to 0.035 mm, the yield varied from 7.26% to 7.87%, the tensile strength was between 13.60 and to 4.20 N, elongation was from 33.33 to 80%, and the color of L was 88.86 to 88.81, the value for “a” was between (-1.48) and (-0.94), and “b” was from 4.19 to 5.56. An increase in the percentage of glycerol decreased tensile strength but increased elongation. The addition of 45% glycerol caused “a” color change value (reduced green color). The addition of 35% glycerol caused changes in color values “b” (reduced yellow color), but the increase in the percentage of glycerol did not change the thickness and brightness values (L) of edible film. It was concluded that the higher the percentage of glycerol added in manufacturing edible film made from a composite whey dangke and agar decreased the tensile strength, increased the elongation and changed the color values of “a” and “b”, but did not change the thickness and rendemen of edible film
Fermentation Ability of Lactobacillus plantarum on the Infertile Egg at Different Incubation Time
Get PDFThe use of infertile egg can be offset by increasing the quality of product by fermentation to be a highly competitive commodity. Fermented yield can be used as functional food ingredients which are good for health, for facilitating absorption, and for extending the shelf life of the product. The purpose of this research was to determine the fermentation ability of Lactobacillus plantarum on the infertile egg at different incubation time. Infertile egg was broken and sterilized for 15 minutes and then fermented for 0, 2, and 4 days. Parameters measured in this research were the total count of L. plantarum, pH value, lactic acid content, and moisture content. Experimental data were analyzed using analysis of variance of completely randomized design. The results showed that total L. plantarum (Log10 CFU/ml) increased in line with the incubation time, i.e. 8.3, 9.31, 9.73, respectively for day 0, 2, and 4 of the incubation time. The pH decreased as incubation time increased, namely 7.05, 5.67, 5.36, respectively for day 0, 2, and 4. The value of lactic acid content for day 0, 2, and 4 of incubation period was 0.62%, 1.28%, 2.15%, respectively while the water content was 71.3%, 73.21%, and 74.94%, respectively. In conclusion, this research proved the existence of the fermentation ability of L. plantarumtowards the infertile egg which were indicated by the increase of the total count of L. plantarum, lactid acid content and moisture content, even though pH value decreased as the incubation period increased. The optimum time of the incubation period was 4 days
Evaluation of the Types of Processing on the Organoleptic Acceptability of the Infertile Eggs
Get PDFInfertile eggs are the eggs that can not hatch. These eggs are only used for household consumption and are usually processed by boiling it. There are not many studies have been done of using other methods, such as omelette and fried. The purpose of this research was to study organoleptic acceptability by panelists towards processed methods of the infertile eggs, i.e. boiled eggs, scrambled eggs and fried eggs. The results of study indicated that the average hedonic value for color of the boiled egg was 3.93 (like) and was significantly different from that of the omelette egg which was 4.6 (really like), but was similar to that of the fried egg, which was 3.83 (like). The average hedonic value for texture of boiled egg was 4.47 (really like) and was significantly different from that of the omelette, which was 3.6 (like) and fried eggs of 3.47 (like). The average value for flavor was 3.6 (like), 3.67 (like), and 3.87 (like), respectively for boiled, omelet, and fried eggs. The average value for taste for each treatment was 3.93 (like), 3.8 (like), 4.07 (like), respectively. In conclusion, treatment did not contribute to the hedonics of the panelists for flavor and taste. Processing of the infertile eggs in form of boiled, scrambled, and fried were similar for taste and flavor, but with regards to the color and texture, panelists prefer the omelette for the former and the fried eggs for latter
Physical properties of raw milk and the relation between sanitation and hygiene of milk and listeria monocytogenes contamination on the farm people in sinjai district of South Sulawesi
Get PDFListeria monocytogenes is pathogenic bacteria causing disease outbreaks of food origin (food borne bacterial disease) that causes listeriosis in susceptible individuals. Listeria monocytogenes often easily contaminate milk and other livestock products. The aim of the research was to know the physical properties of raw milk and the relation between sanitation and hygiene of milk and Listeria monocytogenes contamination on the dairy farm in Sinjai District South of Sulawesi. In this research, eight samples of fresh milk were taken from local dairy farm. A direct observation was performed on the hygiene and the cage sanitation during milk processing. Then, the physical quality of the milk (specivic gravity, alcohol test, organoleptic examination, acidity). Listeria monocytogenes was detected by culturing on Listeria Selective Agar (LSA) media. The results of study showed that raw milk was contaminated with Listeria sp. In general, the physical quality of raw milk was satisfactory, however the result of alcohol test of milk showed that it was not so good. The presence of bacteria L. monocytogenes in the milk did not cause physical changes either in color, smell, consistency, acidity, or specific gravity. The contamination was closely related to the condition of hygiene and cage sanitation during the milk processing
Growth, production, and nutrition quality of Crotalaria juncea L and sweet corn planted by intercropping system
Get PDFThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of planting pattern and plant density on the growth, production and nutrient quality of Crotalaria juncea L and sweet corn planted by intercropping system. The data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance according to completely randomized design in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement with four replications and tested further if there were differences between treatments. The first factor of plant density was 6, 12, 16 plants/m2, respectively for K1, K2, K3.. The second factor was planting pattern P1: single row and P2: double rows. Implementation of the research was carried out for 3 months. Data collection for Crotalaria juncea L was performed in the second month while data for sweet corn was taken on the third month of the experimental period. Based on the result and discussion , it can be concluded that the two row planting pattern reduced the growth, production and plant nutrition quality of sweet corn, but it promoted growth, production and quality of crop nutrients of Crotalaria juncea L except for the amount of leaves of the Crotalaria juncea L. The density of 6 to 16 plants/m2 decreased growth, production and quality of plant nutrients