Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan
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Mechanism of Gelatinization in Milk Product after Addition of the Passion Fruit Juice by Analysis of the Physicochemical and Microsructural Properties
Get PDFThe addition of certain fruit juices to milk products as a way to create new flavor has been known to also cause an interaction between the fruit juice and the components of the milk product. The mechanism of gelatinization in milk products as a result of adding the passion (Passiflora edulis Sims) fruit juice and by processing methods like heating and acidity will influence the final milk product. In this study, the mechanism of gelatinization is established through the observation of the products’s microstructure. This study was arranged factorially according to Completely Randomised Design. The first factor was passion fruit juice concentration (7.5 and 10%) and the second factor was ripening time (0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks). The variables observed were physical properties, which was done by the measurement of pH and lactic acid concentration. The changes in physical properties were monitored by observation of product microstructure by light microscopic with histopathological technique. The best cheese product was achieved with a passion fruit juice concentration of 10%. The product observed had a more compact microstructure at a ripening time of 3 weeks with pH of 4,29 and lactic acid percentage of 1.2
Rice Straw In Vitro Digestibiliy of Combination Treatments Alkali, fermented with Cellulolytic, Lignolytic and Lactic Acid Microbes with Suplementation of Sulfur
Get PDFThe purpose of research was to improve digestibility of rice straw for ruminant feeding. To attain the aim, three steps of experiment have been conducted. The first step was the isolation of lactic acid bacterial (Lactobacillus sp) and cellulolytic bacterial (Acetobacter liqufacens) from the ruminal fluid of cattle and lignolytic microbes (white rot fungi) from palm oil waste and proliferated at compos media. The second step was to test the inoculum of lactic acid, cellulolytic, and lignolytic bacteria in breaking down fibre fraction of the rice straw. Those microbes were fermented with alkaline treated rice straw and sulphuric + molasses. The experiment was carried out factorially (3 x 5) according to completely randomised design. Factor A was the fermentation time, i.e. 10, 20, and 30 days. Factor B was the fermentation types, which were B1=alkaline treated rice straw+urea, B2=B1+lactic acid bacterial, B3=B2+cellulolytic bacterial, B4=B3+white rot fungi, and B5=B4+sulphuric and molasses. The third period was in vitro evaluation of the fermented rice straw. Parameters measured were in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Analysis of variance showed that the length of fermentation and their interaction with types of fermentation had no significant effect on in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility of fermented rice straw but fermentation types affected (p<0,05) in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility of rice Straw. It is concluded from this experiment that fermentation of alkaline treated rice straw with cellulolytic bacteria, white rot fungi, and lactic acid microbes with the addition of molasses and sulfur can increase in vitro digestibility of rice sraw
Body Weight Response of Broiler Chicken Subjected to Post-hatched Fasting
Get PDFThe research aimed to assess body weight respons of broiler chickens with various body weights (BW) at hatch when subjected to post-hatched fasting and its subsequent impact on the final body weight. Two hundred and sixteen unsexed broiler chickens, strain Cobb aged 12 hours post-hatch, were randomly assigned into floor pen (six chicks per pen). The research was arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement according to completely randomized design with three replications for each treatment combination. The first factor was the BW at hatch, i.e. light (30.1±0.39g), medium ((33.3±0.44g), and heavy (33.3±0.44g). The second factor was the duration of post-hatched fasting, i.e. 24, 36, 48, and 60 h, respectively. All chickens were weighed at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h post hatch, then at 7 and 35 days of age. Data analysis indicated that the BW of chicken subjected to fasting at 48 to 60 h post-hatch decreased significantly at the rate of 8.6% and 12.5% of the initial body weight, respectively. However, this condition was not related to the initial body weight status of the chicken. Availability of feed after the fasting period was not sufficient to compensate retardation of body weight of the chicken subjected to fasting 48-60 h post-hatch
Income analysis of beef and racing cattle farmers in Sapudi Island Regency of Sumenep
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to assess the farmer income with bussiness scale 2-3 cattle or 4-6 cattle on-farm beef cattle and racing bull in the Sapudi island. The respondents consisted of 26 beef cattle farmers and 26 racing cattle farmers from the sub district Nonggunong and sub district Gayam, island of Sapudi of Sumenep Regency. Primary data was obtained through interviewing with the farmers based questionnaire prepared before hand, covering farmer identity, business investment component of livestock, livestock business costs (fixed costs and variable costs), revenues and expenditures cattle business. The data were analyzed using analysis of B/C ratio, BEP of price and BEP of production on each of farmers and their respective number of cattle raising. Bussiness scale was categorized according to the number of cattle raised by the farmers, namely those having 2-3 either beef or racing cattle = 2-3 scale, those having 4-5 cattle= 4-5 scale and those having 4-6 racing cattle= 4-6 scale. For beef cattle business, up to bussiness scale 4-5 was still not profitable but for racing cattle farmers, bussiness scale of 4-6 cattle was more profitable than those with bussiness scale 2-3 cattle.
Performance of Broiler Fed on Commercial Ration Containing Banana Tuber Meals
Get PDFFeedstuff availability is one of the problems in the poultry meat production system, which uses corn as the main energy source in the ration. One of the alternative solutions is to identify the feedstuff that has potential, qualitative and quantitative, to substitute it. Banana tuber contains high carbohydrate and low fiber components so that it can be used as energy source in the ration. The aim of research was to compare the benefit between the ration containing banana tuber meals, which was provided from batu and kapok banana tuber, and the commercial broiler ration. One hundred and ninety two of broiler chicks were raised for 30 days and were randomly allotted to one of four treatment diets according to completely randomized design with four replications for each treatment. The experimental rations were P0 (control, 100%of commercial feed), P1 (60% of commercial feed + 30% of banana tuber meal + 10% fish meal), P2 (70% of commercial feed + 20% of banana tuber meal + 10% fish meal), and P3 (80% of commercial feed + 10% of banana tuber meal + 10% fish meal).The results of the study indicated that the average body weight gain was 58.75, 54.65, 51.95, and 48.68 g/d for the treatment P0, P1, P2, and P3, respectively. In conclusion, the use of 30% banana tuber meals in the commercial feed mixtures does not deteriorate the performance (daily gain) of the broiler
Beef Meatballs Quality Prepared with Salt and Phosphate Addition at Various Levels and Time
Get PDFBeef meatballs (bakso) need high water-binding or protein extraction properties of fresh meat to improve the emulsification process. The objective of the research was to determine level of combination and addition time of salt (NaCl) and phosphate (STPP) during beef meatballs manufacture. Meat as main ingredients of meatballs obtained from fillet (m.iliopsoas) of Bali cattle. The research was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with factorial pattern of 2 x 3, and six replications. The first factor was the level of combination of salt and phosphate, i.e. 1. NaCl 4% + STPP 0.3%; 2. NaCl 4 % + STPP 0.5%; 3. NaCl 2% + STPP 0.3%; and 4. NaCl 4 % + STPP 0.5%. The second factor was the addition time of salt and phosphate, i.e. prarigor and postrigor. Parameters of meatballs quality observed were the physical properties (pH and cooking yield) and sensory properties (texture, salt taste, and acceptability). Combination of NaCl 2% and STTP 0,5% added in prarigor and postrigor tend to improve physical properties of meatballs
Physical Characteristics on Crumble Ration of Broiler Starter Using Tapioca, Bentonite and Onggok Binders
Get PDFQuality of ration can be evaluated using several methods, such as chemical, biological and physical test. Physical characteristics of ration are important aspects in feed mill industry, because they are related to handling efficiency, processing and storage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of using tapioca, bentonite and onggok binders on the physical characteristics of crumble ration. The treatmentswere commercial ration (basal ration) + 2% tapioca, basal ration + 2% bentonite and basal ration + 2% onggok. The parameters observed were water content, water activity, particle size, specific density, bulk density,compact bulk density, angle of heap, softness and impact resistance of crumble and durability. The experimental data were analysed using analysis of variance according to completely randomised design consisted of four treatments and five replications for each treatment and the differences among treatments were further tested using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result of this experiment showed that the addition oftapioca, bentonite and onggok as binders affected(P<0.01) physical chracteristics of crumble. It affected water content, water activity, bulk density, compactbulk density and durability. Particle size of ration with binders was significantly different from commercial ration. Ration with tapioca binder had the lowest value for water content and water activity, i.e. 9.42% and 0.84 respectively. Ration with bentonite binder had the highest value for bulk density, compacted bulk density, and durability, i.e. 0.686 g/cm3, 0.769 g/cm3, and 95%, respectively. Particlesize of ration which was binded with tapioca, bentoniteor onggok was categorised moderate compared to the commercial one.
The Degradation Characteristics of Feed Supplemented Gliricidia Leaves in Goat Rumen in sacco
Get PDFThis research was aimed to determine the degradation characteristics of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) of three different forages enriched with gliricidia leaves (GL). The forages used in this trial were mini elephant grass (MEG), kolonjono grass (KG), and field grass (FG). Data collected were the nutrient digestibility of forage residues in the rumen, i.e. DM and OM. Samples were incubated in the rumen of fistulated goat at different interval times, i.e. 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The experiment was carried out according to completely randomized design (CRD) consisted of 3 treatments and 3 replications, MEG 75% + 25% GL (T1), KG 75% + 25% GL (T2), and FG 75% + 25% GL (T3). The results showed that the treatments affected (P<0.05) the values of a, b and c fraction for T1, T2, and T3. DM degradation characteristics of the T1 values were 23.2%, 25.62%, and 3%/h, respectively for a, b, and c fractions. The values for treatment T2 were 3.3%, 35.10%, and 5%/h, and the values for T3 were 11.8%, 46.62%, and 1%/h, respectively for a, b and c fractions. OM degradation characteristics of the T1 were 23.2%, 43.38%, and 1%/h, respectively for fractions a, b and c, while the degradation values for OM of T2 were 23.3%, 36.78% and 4%/h, and the values of treatment T3 were 11.8%, 31.29%, and 1%/h, respectively for a, b, and c fractions. Among the forages, the most rapidly degraded was T2, followed by T1 and T3
THE INCIDENCE OF REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS IN A DAIRY HERD: A CASE STUDY IN SINJAI REGENCY
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to ascertain the incidence of reproductive disorders in a dairy herd. A total of 44 Holstein Friesian cows in a dairy herd were enrolled in the present study. Trans-rectal palpation of the uterine was performed to determine the consistency of uterine including contraction, elasticity, tonicity, symmetry of uterine horns, and the presence of any fluid in the uterus followed by the presence of any palpable ovarian structures. Cows that did not become pregnant during clinical examination were examined vaginoscopically. Data obtained in the present study were analyzed descriptively based on percentages and means. T-test was used to analyze the interval from calving to first artificial insemination (AI) between cyclic cows and cows with reproductive disorders. The results of this study showed that incidence of reproductive disorders was very high; 38.6%. Inactive ovaries, cyst, and endometritis were the most reproductive disorders suffering the dairy cows. These reproductive disorders subsequently reduced reproductive performance by prolonged interval from calving to first AI as well as interval from calving to pregnancy. Lower BCS of the cows were invented as the most prominent causes of this issue
Potency and Carrying Capacity of Rice Straw for Beef Cattle Feeding in East Kalimantan
Get PDFUtilization of rice straw instead of green fodder is very potential to meet the scarcity of green fodder in the dry season. Low nutrient content and bulky characteristic of rice straw can be anticipated through treatment. Optimal utilization of rice straw provides opportunities for a waste-free production concept of low external input sustainable agriculture (LEISA). The research was conducted in two stages: 1) survey using purposive sampling techniques to determine the potential quantity of rice straw in three districts; and 2) a laboratory experiment, aimed to determine the potential nutritional quality of rice straw. Surveys in the form of data collection on the extent of paddy rice crops, the number of beef cattle population as the basis for determining the carrying capacity of rice straw in providing the feed. Laboratory experiments included sample preparation of rice straw through the enumeration, drying, determination of dry matter (DM), and proximate analysis. The results showed that average yield of rice straw in the area of research during the last five years was +9.799; +8.302; +7.079; +8.714; and +6.432 tons/year, respectively. The average population was 1.264, 1.616, 1.842, 1.683, and 1.919 animal unit (AU)/year, respectively. The average feed requirement for beef cattle was 44.609, 23.719, 20.225, 24.897, and 18.377 tons/year, respectively. On the average, carrying capacity per year was 54.07, 78.91, 20.16, 65.91, and 16.58 AU/year, respectively. Chemical composition of rice straw according to proximate analysis was DM=87.85%, crude protein=4.86%, ether extract=0.91%, crude fibre = 41.07%, Nitrogen free extract = 36.98%, and Total digestible nutrient = 46.65%. In conclusion, in terms of quantity and quality, rice straw has the potential to meet the needs of beef cattle feed in Penajam Paser Utara, Kutai Kartanegara and Berau