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[Article] Consideration of the Preservation and Utilization of Materials Collected by the Regional Museums (Part I)
Full text link本稿では，心豊かな社会を実現するために地域博物館が果たす役割を考察するものである。そこで本稿では，まず，地域博物館にとって不可欠な所蔵資料の保存について，限られた人材で取り組んでいる廃校を利用した収蔵施設での実践事例と，地域博物館がより積極的に地域で活用されることを目的とした教育キットの開発事例からそれぞれ考察を加えた。また，地域住民と積極的に連携しながら博物館活動を活性化させている台湾の活動事例から，地域博物館と地域住民との関係の在り方を考察した。
その結果，地域博物館を拠点とした地域文化を表象する資料の保存と活用の在り方について，資料保存という課題では，文化財IPM の導入と，文化財IPM コーディネータやPCO，博物館環境を専門とする研究者との連携が必要であることを示した。次に資料の活用については，従来から指摘されている学校教育との連携をあらためて提唱し，その実現のためには，博物館と学校という現場だけで解決するのではなく，国や自治体といった行政との協働が必要であることを改めて強調した。また，台湾の活動事例からは，活動する主体が博物館であれ，住民であれ，それぞれの状況でできることをきちんと整理し，実践する姿勢が大きな特徴であり，この姿勢に日本の地域博物館でも学ぶべきことが多いことを示した。
そのうえで，これからの地域博物館が目指す姿勢として，地域文化の変容を受け入れつつ，変容前の地域文化についても理解を深めて継承しながら，地域文化の保存と活用を図る「文化継承主義」に基づいた活動モデルを提唱した。In this paper we consider the role that regional museums play in working to enrich society, as well as the relationship between regional museums and local residents, based on initiatives taken in Taiwan to revitalize museum activity through proactive engagement with the local community. Collection materials are the lifeblood of regional museums, and we look at what one small team of staff from a museum have been doing to preserve them by using a closed-down school as a storage facility. We also consider the example of a regional museum that has developed an educational kit to try and encourage more active use of the museum among the local community.
What these examples from Taiwan showed is that, whether the initiative in question was being led by the museums or the local residents, the key characteristic of the approach to implementation was that each party clearly identified and delineated what it is was possible for them to achieve according to their own individual circumstances. Japanese regional museums have a lot they can learn from this approach. Regional museums play an important role as a hub for local culture, by both preserving and utilizing the materials which represent that culture. We demonstrate that the introduction of IPM for cultural properties, as well as collaboration with an IPM for cultural properties coordinator, PCO, and researchers specializing in museum environments is essential for the successful preservation of materials. In terms of utilizing the materials, it has long been posited that there is a need for collaboration between museums and schools. We propose a new approach for this, which acknowledges that the issues cannot be solved at the individual museum and school level, and places emphasis on the need for cooperation at an administrative level between the national and local governments.
In addition, we propose an activity model based on a notion of “cultural succession” as something that regional museums should aspire to adopt. The objective of this is to preserve and make use of local culture by accepting its transformation, while at the same time deepening understanding of and passing down its form prior to transformation.departmental bulletin pape
The Development of Japanese Modern Industry and Labor from Gender Perspective
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[Research Notes] The Health and Operational Status of Early Twentieth Century Japanese Prostitutes : A Case Study of Medical Examination Records from Yamagata Prefecture’s Fukuda Brothel District
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[Research Notes] Reexamining Kinship Relations of Buried Individuals during the Kofun Period through Mitochondrial DNA Analysis : A Preliminary Report
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[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] Archaeological Report on Shell Artifacts Excavated from Oike Site A in Takarajima Island, Kagoshima Pref.
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[Research Notes] Transmission Procedures of Evaluation Reports and Recommendation Letters as Rites Analyzed from Engi Shiki (Part 2)
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[Research Notes] Reconsideration about “Kaminari-no-jin (雷鳴陣)” (Part 2)
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[Research Notes] Engi Shiki and Itodokoro : A Study of Ornaments Made from Plants and Silk Threads (Part 2)
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[Article] Reconsidering Yaichiro Yamaguchi’s Tohoku Study : Understanding the Dynamics of Local Communities and Practicing Field Studies (Part II)
Full text link山口弥一郎は明治35 年に福島県旧新鶴村に生まれ，生涯にわたって東北各地をフィールドに調査研究を行った。その山口が近年注目を浴びるようになったきっかけは，平成23年の東日本大震災であった。山口は昭和8年の三陸津波後から三陸を歩き始め，被災地の暮らしや復興のあり方を調べた。その仕事は東日本大震災後に大きく評価され，著書『津浪と村』が復刊されて大きな反響を呼んだ。そのため山口は津波被災地の研究者としてのイメージが浸透しているが，実際には東北をフィールドに生涯を通じて多様な課題に取り組み，独自の成果を挙げている。
例えば昭和戦中から戦後にかけての時期は，農村に暮らしながら生活を記録するという参与観察的な調査実践を進め，それは農村の生活改善のための青年教育へと展開した。また長く学校教員として暮らした山口は，学校の授業や課外活動を通じて，若い教え子たちの地域文化への理解や課題を発見する力を養う取り組みを実践した。さらに同僚や後輩たちとともに地域学会を組織し，研究活動やフィールドワークを通じて多様な地域ネットワークの形成にも寄与している。こうした取り組みのなかで山口が常に重視していたのは，フィールドワークである。なかでも自然災害や戦争，過疎，地域開発などといった暮らしの場の危機的な状況に目を向け，地域に横たわるそうした生活課題を多様な学問的アプローチから解こうとした。
本論では山口が生涯にわたって取り組んだ主な仕事をテーマごとに取り上げ，その変遷を追うことでフィールド学としての山口の実践の再評価を行う。それは単に学史研究への新たなデータの提供だけを意味しない。災害が多発する今日において，フィールドワークを基礎とした人文学的な研究のあり方を問い直すための作業でもある。Yaichiro Yamaguchi was born in 1900 in Fukushima Prefecture, in an area that was at that time a village called Niitsuru, and spent his entire life conducting research in various parts of Tohoku. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami spurred an increase in the attention paid to Yamaguchi’s work in recent years. After the 1933 Sanriku earthquake, Yamaguchi started exploring Sanriku and examining the state of reconstruction and livelihood in disaster-stricken areas. Since the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, his work has been regarded highly, and his book Tsunami to Mura was republished to wide acclaim. For this reason, Yamaguchi has become widely recognized as a researcher on tsunamistricken areas, but in fact, he tackled various issues throughout his life in the region of Tohoku, and achieved unique results.
For instance, from the Showa era to the postwar period, he pursued a participant observation research practice by creating a record of life while living in a farm village, and this developed into a practice of youth education for the improvement of rural life. Yamaguchi then lived as a schoolteacher for a long time, and through school classes and extracurricular activities, put in place initiatives to cultivate young students' understanding of local culture and their ability to identify problems. In addition, he organized regional conferences with colleagues and juniors, and through research activities and fieldwork, contributed to the formation of diverse regional networks. Throughout these efforts, Yamaguchi always emphasized fieldwork. He particularly focused on natural disasters, wars, depopulation, regional development, and other critical situations in daily life, and applied various academic approaches in his attempts to solve such problems affecting life in the region.
This paper re-evaluates Yamaguchi's field study practice, by giving a thematic overview of the main work Yamaguchi pursued throughout his life and tracing its evolution. This does not simply mean providing new data for academic history research. In today's disaster-prone world, it is also our task to question the nature of humanities research based on fieldwork.departmental bulletin pape