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Development of Baekje Burial Practices and Dynamics of the Baekje Dynasty (Part II)
Get PDFapplication/pdf本稿では，①百済地域の墳墓の再整理により墓制の変遷相を確認する作業，②王・王族に関わる墓制を抽出しその展開を把握する作業を通じ，百済王権の動向を古墳資料から跡付けることを試みた。百済地域の墓制を大きく分けると，木棺墓を基本として地域・集団ごとにそれを多様に発展させた「在地系墓制」と，高句麗や中国から影響を受けた積石塚や塼築墳などの「外来系墓制」がある。このような在来の墓制と外来の墓制が混在する百済地域の墳墓は，多様化（第1段階），集約・序列化（第2段階），斉一化（第3段階）の段階を経て変遷しており，その中において支配者階層の墓制（王陵）は外来墓制の取り入れを基軸にしばしば周辺墓制との差別化が図られたが，王権の不安定さを反映して下位階層の墓制と同化する状況も見られる。本論では，このような王陵とその他の階層の墓制との優劣関係の変化から，百済王権の動向を揺籃期・成長期・衰退期・中興期・転換期・成熟期に分けて叙述した。百済の王権は成立期から一貫して地域内の絶対的権力であったわけではなく，時勢によって他の勢力から隔絶したり，時には埋没する不安定な存在であったといえる。さらに百済内部における各地域の墳墓の多様性から推定される地方勢力の独立性も百済王権の不安定さを物語る。墳墓に見られる外来的要素は，各地域集団との抗争・協力関係の中で，百済王権が国内における優位性を獲得・維持しようとする意図と努力を示すものと考えられる。墳墓の展開と文献百済史の流れを比較することで王権の消長の歴史的背景をうかがうことも可能であるが，文献の内容に過度に引っ張られた解釈に陥らない努力が必要である。This article aims to trace the dynamics of the Baekje Dynasty by analyzing tombs in the kingdom. The analysis consists of two steps: (1) verifying the transition of burial practices through the reclassification of tombs in the territory and (2) identifying the tombs of kings and royal families and tracing their development. The burial practices of Baekje are broadly classified into two types: (1) local burial practices, which were derived from wooden-coffin tombs and developed in various ways depending on the region or group they belonged to; and (2) foreign burial practices, including cairns and tiled tombs inspired from Koguryo and Chinese dynasties. These local and foreign burial practices of Baekje developed in three stages: (1) diversification; (2) convergence and stratification; and (3) uniformization. Throughout this process, the ruling class (kings and royal families) tried to differentiate their tombs from others, mainly by adopting foreign burial practices, but some royal tombs assimilated with those of the lower classes, which implies the instability of the Baekje Dynasty. Based on these changes in the vertical relationship between the royal and other tombs, this article explains the dynamics of the Baekje Dynasty in the following six stages: infancy, development, decline, revival, transition, and ripening stages. The Baekje Dynasty did not always maintain absolute control over its territory. It was rather unstable, sometimes isolated and sometimes forgotten. Moreover, the diversity of tombs in the territory suggests the existence of independent regional powers, which also exemplifies how unstable the Baekje Dynasty was. The adoption of foreign burial practices is considered as an example to highlight the will and effort of the Baekje Dynasty to establish and maintain its dominance in the territory while competing and cooperating with regional powers. Thus, a comparison of the development of burial practices and the written history of Baekje can enable us to explore the historical context of the rise and decline of the Dynasty though it is important to refrain from overemphasizing the written sources.departmental bulletin pape
Powerful Regional Clans Forming the Mainstay of the Yamato Polity : Expansion of Influence of the Ōyamato Tumulus Clan (Part III)
Get PDFapplication/pdf本稿の目的は，奈良盆地を中心とした近畿地方中央部の古墳や集落・生産・祭祀遺跡の動態や各遺跡の遺跡間関係から，その地域構造を解明する（＝遺跡構造の解明）ことによって，ヤマト王権の生産基盤・支配拠点と，その勢力の伸張過程を明らかにすることにある。
弥生時代の奈良盆地において最も高い生産力をもっていたのは「おおやまと」地域である。その上流域で，庄内式期の纒向遺跡が成立する。その後，布留式期に纒向遺跡の規模が拡大し，箸墓古墳と「おおやまと」古墳群の大型前方後円墳の造営がつづく。ヤマト王権の成立である。「おおやまと」地域において布留式期に台頭したのが，「おおやまと」地域を生産基盤とした有力地域集団（＝「おおやまと」古墳集団）であり，地域一帯に分布する山辺・磯城古墳群をその墓域とした。ヤマト王権は，「おおやまと」古墳集団を出発点とし，その勢力が伸張していくことにより，徐々にその地歩を固め影響力を増大していく。
布留式期には，近畿地方各地に跋扈した在地集団に加え，奈良盆地北部を中心とした佐紀古墳集団，「おおやまと」古墳集団と佐紀古墳集団を仲介する役割を担った在地集団などが存在したことが遺跡構造から明らかであり，そのなかで「おおやまと」古墳集団と佐紀古墳集団が主導的立場にあったと考えられる。５世紀には，「おおやまと」古墳集団は河内の在地集団を取り込み，さらにその勢力を伸張し，倭国の外交を展開する。そして，大和川の上・下流域一帯の広い範囲が生産基盤となり，倭国の支配拠点がおかれた。一方，近畿地方各地には，有力地域集団が跋扈しており，ヤマト王権の支配構造は，危ない均衡のうえに成り立っていたと考えられる。
そうした状況が一変するのが，太田茶臼山古墳の後裔たる継体政権である。淀川北岸部の有力地域集団は，近畿地方や北陸・東海地方の在地集団や有力地域集団と協調することにより，ヤマト王権の生産基盤は，畿内地方一帯の広範な地域に及んだ。そして，6世紀後半には「おおやまと」古墳集団と一体化することにより，専制的な王権が確立し，奈良盆地の氏族層に強い影響力を及ぼしながら，倭国を統治することになるのである。This article examines the dynamics of and relationships among tumulus, settlement, production, and ritual sites in the Nara Basin and other areas in the central Kinki region to elucidate the regional structure (the relational structure of archaeological sites) and thereby explains the production base and regional government hubs of the Yamato polity and the process of expanding its influence.
In the Yayoi period, the Ōyamato area had the highest productivity in the Nara Basin. Its upper river basin is home to the Makimuku archaeological site, which dates back to the Shōnai-style Pottery phase. In the following Furu-style Pottery phase, the clan based at this site expanded, with the construction of large keyhole tombs at the Hashihaka Tumulus site and the Ōyamato Tumulus cluster. It was the origin of the Yamato polity. The powerful regional clan (known as “Ōyamato Tumulus clan”) that had established a production base in Ōyamato gained power in the region in the Furu-style Pottery phase and built tombs across the region, including tumulus clusters in Yamanobe and Shiki. The Yamato polity, originated from the Ōyamato Tumulus clan, gradually strengthened its position and expanded its influence by advancing into new areas.
The relational structure of archaeological sites indicates the coexistence of dominant local clans across the Kinki region, the rise of the Saki Tumulus clan based in the northern Nara Basin, and the emergence of local clans serving as mediators between the Ōyamato and Saki Tumulus clans in the Furu-style pottery phase. Among these clans, the Ōyamato and Saki Tumulus clans seem to have played a leading part.
In the fifth century, the Ōyamato Tumulus clan won over local clans in Kawachi, further expanded its influence, and acquired diplomatic authority to represent the Yamato state. The Yamato state expanded its production base across the extensive Yamato River Basin and interspersed regional government hubs around the area. It is, however, presumed that the domination of the Yamato polity was based on an unstable balance of power among the influential regional clans thriving in the Kinki region.
This situation changed drastically under the reign of Emperor Keitai, a descendant of the Ōda Chausuyama Tumulus clan. This powerful regional clan originated in the northern bank of the Yodo River further expanded the production base of the Yamato Polity across the extensive Kinai region by establishing alliances with other influential regional and local clans in the Kinki, Hokuriku, and Tōkai regions. The merger of these clans and the Ōyamato Tumulus clan in the late six century established an absolute monarchy that governed the Yamato state while exercising its strong influence over the clans in the Nara Basin.departmental bulletin pape
Degeneration and Revival of City Festivals in the Rapid Economic Growth Period
Get PDFapplication/pdf本稿は，高度成長期における都市祭礼の変化を，地域社会との関係に注目しながら比較し，変化の特徴を明らかにするものである。具体的には，青森ねぶた祭（青森県青森市），野田七夕まつり（千葉県野田市），となみ夜高まつり（富山県砺波市）を例とする。青森ねぶた祭では，1960年代に地域ねぶたが減少するが，1970年代には公共団体や全国企業が加わって台数が増加し，観光化が進んだ。そして各地への遠征や文化財指定へとつながった。野田七夕まつりなどの都市部の七夕まつりは，1951〜1955年に各地の商店街に普及するが，1965〜1970年頃に中止が目立った。野田でも1972年にパレードを導入し，市民祭に近づけることで存続を図った。となみ夜高まつりなど富山県の｢喧嘩祭｣は，1960年頃に警察やPTAなどから批判されて中断し，60年代後半に復活した。
このように，高度成長期前期には，どの祭礼にも衰退や中断，重要な変更がみられた。一方，後期には，祭礼が復興し発展したことが明らかになった。変化の要因として，前期の衰退には，経済効率第一の風潮のほか，新生活運動も関与していた可能性がある。後期の復興には，石油ショック以後の安定成長期の「文化の時代」に，祭礼が文化として扱われ，文化財指定を受ける「文化化」，祭礼が観光資源になる「観光化」，行政などが予算を立案し，業務として運営する「組織化」，さらに事故のない祭礼を目指す「健全化」などの特徴が見られる。This paper clarifies the features of the transformation of city festivals by comparing how they were transformed during the rapid economic growth period and how the changes were related to local communities. This study analyzes the following three festivals: Aomori Nebuta Festival (Aomori City, Aomori Prefecture); Noda Tanabata Festival (Noda City, Chiba Prefecture); and Tonami Yotaka Festival (Tonami City, Toyama Prefecture). Aomori Nebuta Festival witnessed a decline in the number of Nebuta floats from local communities in the 1960s. It was, however, re-established as a popular tourist attraction in the 1970s, with a rebound increase in float numbers supported by the growing participation of public entities and private companies around Japan. The festival became so popular to be held in other cities around the country and designated as a cultural asset. Noda Tanabata Festival is one of the star festivals held in urban areas to pay tribute to the Legend of Tanabata. This type of festival was embraced by shopping districts around Japan between 1951 and 1955. Many were, however, discontinued in the late 1960s. Noda Tanabata Festival also needed to be refreshed to continue on. It was therefore transformed into an event similar to a community fair by introducing a parade in 1972. Tonami Yotaka Festival, like other fight festivals in Toyama Prefecture, was once abolished around 1960 due to criticism from the police, parent-teacher associations, and other organizations and revived in the late 1960s.
Thus, the festivals experienced significant changes in the first half of the rapid economic growth period. Some went into a decline, and some even discontinued. On the other hand, the festivals were revived and redeveloped in the second half of that period. The degeneration in the first half was attributed to the New Lifestyle Movement as well as the trend of the times to put the economy first. The revival in the second half was supported by the following factors emerging in the Age of Culture, when Japan was enjoying stable growth after the oil shocks: (i) “enculturation” to recognize festivals as important culture and designate them as cultural assets; (ii) “touristization” to use festivals as tourism resources; (iii) “organization” to let local authorities operate festivals and bear the cost; and (iv) “safety improvement” to make festivals accident-free.departmental bulletin pape
[Report on Investigation and Research Activities] Reproduction of Candies from the Ancient Times
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A Major Elemental Analysis of Gold-dotted Biscuit Ware from the Tsukui Castle Site and Gold-leafed Biscuit Ware, etc. from the Odawara Castle Site
Get PDFapplication/pdf神奈川県津久井郡（現在の相模原市）の津久井城御屋敷跡（16世紀後半）から出土した金粒付着かわらけに含まれている微細な金粒子を透過X線撮影によって検出し，そのうち表面に露出している5点を，マイクロフォーカス型蛍光Ｘ線分析装置で元素組成分析した。いずれからも，金粒に由来すると考えられる金，銀が見出された。銅も検出されているが，金粒が微細であることと，据置型蛍光Ｘ線分析装置によって周辺の付着熔融物にも銅が含まれていることがわかったので，金粒そのものに含まれているものか，付着熔融物に含まれているものか，あるいはその両者に由来するのか，判定できない。
本分析資料の熔融物には，特徴的な元素として亜鉛が含まれていた。甲斐周辺の遺跡では，中山金山遺跡や甲府城下町遺跡の資料からも検出されており，化学組成とこれらの遺跡の年代のみで判断すると，甲斐から金がもたらされたとみることもできる。
しかし，歴史的にみると，本分析資料は天正年間以降の，武田氏と後北条氏の関係が悪化していた時期のものと捉えられ，甲斐から金がもたらされたとは考えにくい。金・銀・銅・鉛・亜鉛などが一連の熱水鉱床で形成されていくことを勘案すると，駿河や伊豆の金山の可能性を考えておいた方がよい。特に，亜鉛が検出された中山金山と同じ鉱脈に属する富士金山には，注意を払っておく必要がある。
神奈川県小田原市の小田原城跡御用米曲輪（16世紀後半）から出土した金箔かわらけ等を据置型蛍光Ｘ線分析装置で元素組成分析した。木の葉形金具と金箔片は，かわらけに付着している金箔とは異なる組成であり，異なる工程で作られたと考えられる。
また，かわらけごとの金箔の組成の違いや，同一のかわらけ内でも金箔の分析部位による組成の違いなどが見出された。これらからみて，金箔はいずれも金，銀，銅を混合した合金として作られてはいるが，混合比率がわずかずつ異なる金箔が混在して使用されていることがわかった。This study takes transmission X-ray images of gold-dotted biscuit ware excavated from the Tsukui Castle ruins (dating to the late 16th century) in Tsukui District (now incorporated into Sagamihara City), Kanagawa Prefecture, to detect small gold grains and then performs an elemental analysis of five gold grains exposed on the surface of the biscuit ware by using a micro-focus X-ray fluorescence analyzer. The results show that each of them contains gold and silver, which are assumed to be derived from the gold grains. Although copper is also detected, because the gold grains are very small and because the X-ray fluorescence analysis indicates that copper is included in other molten residues attached near the gold grains, it is not determined whether the copper is derived from gold grains or other molten residues or both.
The molten residues analyzed in this study are characterized by their composition of zinc. Excavations in and around Kai Province indicate that it is also included in items unearthed from the Nakayama Gold Mine site and the Kōfu Castle Town site. The analysis of their chemical composition and the dating of these sites imply that the gold came from Kai Province.
However, an examination from a historical perspective suggests otherwise as the samples of this study seem to date to the Tenshō period (in the late 16 century) or thereafter, when tension mounted between the Takeda and the Gohōjō clans. Since gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc are associated with the same hydrothermal mineral deposit, it is reasonable to assume that the gold was mined in Suruga and Izu. In particular, it can be associated with Fuji Gold Mine, which belonged to the same mineral vein as Nakayama Gold Mine, where zinc residues were excavated.
This study also performs an elemental analysis of gold-leafed biscuit ware, etc. unearthed from the ruins of rice warehouses in the Odawara Castle site (dating to the late 16th century) in Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, by using a stationary X-ray fluorescence analyzer. The results show that the leaf-shaped gold parts and gold leaf pieces have a different composition from that of the gold leaf on the biscuit ware. It is therefore assumed that they were manufactured in different processes.
There are also variations in the composition of gold leaf between biscuit ware pieces or between different parts of a biscuit ware piece. These differences imply that the gold leaf pieces made of an alloy of gold mixed with silver and copper in different ratios were used in combination.departmental bulletin pape
Background Factors for the Introduction of Foreign Technology in Medieval Japan : Impact of Marine Transport
Get PDFapplication/pdf本稿は、中世日本における外来技術の伝来に関して、それを可能にするための条件ないし背景や、伝来技術の移転についての試論である。
第一に、国家や地域権力といった公権力が、技術の伝来に果たした役割を考察した。古代においては、律令国家が遣唐使を派遣して、選択的に技術を導入した。中世においては、国家が技術導入を主導することは少なかった。中国人海商が博多に結桶をもたらした事例のように、民間交流によって技術が伝来し、博多という都市の住民の需要に応じて、技術が受容された。
一六世紀前半、戦国大名による職人の編成が進んだ。小田原北条氏が奈良や京都の職人を招き、豊後府内の大友館の周辺には職人が居住した。種子島時尭は、配下の刀鍛冶に鉄砲の製造を命じた。
第二に、伝来した技術の移転について、鉄砲の事例から考察した。
文之玄昌『鉄炮記』では、種子島から畿内への鉄砲伝来の経緯について、（1）鉄砲と火薬の製法・発射方法が、根来寺に伝わった段階、（2）鉄砲の生産技術が、堺に伝わった段階という二段階が描かれていた。
「南蛮鉄砲」を将軍に献上した豊後府内の大友義鎮は、将軍足利義輝の所持品である鉄砲を模倣製造することを命じられ、鉄砲の生産を開始した。
第三に、種子島に鉄砲生産の技術が伝来した背景となる海上交通や貿易について考察した。一六世紀前半、日向国〜種子島〜琉球との間には、活発な交流があった。
種子島と琉球との貿易は、一五一〇年代ころから始まっていた。種子島忠時は、琉球国王尚真から、船一艘の荷物への課税を免除された。
日向国では、島津忠朝（島津豊州家）が遣明船の警固や造船を行い、琉球と頻繁に交渉していた。油津にある臨江寺の玄永侍者は、琉球出身であった。遣明使鸞岡省佐は、琉球国の人が明で自分のことを聞いたという話を、日向国で聞いている。This article examines the conditions, or background factors, for the introduction of foreign cultures as well as the transfer of imported technology in medieval Japan.
Firstly, this article analyzes the role of public authorities such as state and regional authorities in the introduction of foreign cultures. In ancient times, the ritsuryō state dispatched diplomatic missions to the Tang Dynasty and selectively brought back technology. In medieval times, however, the state did not play a leading part in the import of technology. As illustrated by an example of yuioke (hooped wooden buckets) brought to Hakata by Chinese marine traders, technology was introduced through commercial interaction and selectively accepted depending on the demand of residents in Hakata.
In the early 16th century, artisans were organized by daimyō warlords. For example, the Odawara Hōjō family invited artisans from Nara and Kyōto. The Ōtomo family also had craftsmen live around their residence in Funai, Bungo. Tanegashima Tokitaka ordered his swordsmiths to produce muskets.
Secondly, the transfer of imported technology is examined by using the spread of musket-making technology as an example.
Teppōki (Record of the Musket), written by Bunshi Genshō, describes the transfer of musket-making technology from Tanegashima Island to the Kinai region in two stages: (1)introduction of musket-making technology and firing procedures and gunpowder formula to Negoro-ji Temple and (2) introduction of musket-making technology to Sakai.
Ōtomo Yoshishige from Funai, Bungo, paid a tribute of Western muskets to Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiteru. Ordered to produce muskets modeled after one possessed by the shōgun, Yoshishige started the production of muskets.
Thirdly, marine transport and trade are examined as a background factor for the introduction of musket-making technology to Tanegashima Island. The first half of the 16th century saw active interaction among Hyūga, Ryūkyū, and Tanegashima.
Trade between Tanegashima and Ryūkyū started around the 1510s. Shōshin, the King of Ryūkyū, exempted Tanegashima Tadatoki from customs duties for a ship of cargo.
In Hyūga, Shimazu Tadatomo (the Hōshū branch of the Shimazu clan) had his people escort vessels sent to the Ming Dynasty as well as build ships. He also established close relationships with Ryūkyū. An attendant of Genei of Rinkō-ji Temple in Aburatsu came from Ryūkyū. Moreover, Rankō Zuisa, a Japanese envoy dispatched to the Ming Dynasty, heard in Hyūga that someone from Ryūkyū heard about him in Ming China.departmental bulletin pape
Issues Related to the Introduction of Foreign Technology in Lock Manufacturing and Brass Production during the Transition from the Medieval to the Early Modern Period
Get PDFapplication/pdf中世から近世への移行期の対外交易は，南蛮貿易から朱印船貿易へと段階的に変遷し，この間，東洋と西洋の接触と融合を経て，様々な外来技術がもたらされた。当該期の外来技術の受容，定着には複雑で多様な様相が認められる。本稿ではこうした様相の一端の把握，検討にあたり，錠前，真鍮生産に着目した。錠前に関しては，第2次導入期である中世末期から近世の様態について整理し，アジア型錠前主体の段階からヨーロッパ型錠前が参入する段階への変遷を明らかにした。さらにアジア型鍵形態の画一化や，素材のひとつである黄銅（真鍮）の亜鉛含有率の低い製品の存在等から，比較的早い段階での国内生産の可能性を指摘した。真鍮生産については，金属製錬などの際に気体で得られる亜鉛の性質から特殊な道具と技術が必要であり，これに伴うと考えられる把手付坩堝と蓋の集成を行い技術導入時期の検討を行った。その結果，16世紀前半にすでに局所的な導入は認められるが，限定的ながら一般化するのは16世紀末から17世紀初頭であり，金属混合法による本格的な操業は今のところ17世紀中頃を待たなければならない状況を確認した。また，ヨーロッパ型錠前の技術導入について，17世紀以降に国内で生産される和錠や近世遺跡から出土する錠の外観はヨーロッパ錠を模倣するが，内部構造と施錠原理はアジア型錠と同じであり，ヨーロッパ型錠の構造原理が採用されていない点に多様な技術受容のひとつのスタイルを見出した。こうした点を踏まえ，16世紀末における日本文化と西洋文化の融合の象徴ともいえる南蛮様式の輸出用漆器に注目し，付属する真鍮製などのヨーロッパ型の施錠具や隅金具等の生産と遺跡出土の錠前，真鍮生産の状況との関係性を考察した。現状では当該期の大規模かつ広範にわたる生産様相は今のところ認め難く，遺跡資料にみる技術の定着・完成時期と，初期輸出用漆器の生産ピーク時期とは整合していないという課題を提示した。Japan's foreign trade gradually shifted from the Namban trade to the vermilion-seal certificate trade in parallel with the transition from the medieval to the early modern period, during which a variety of foreign technologies were introduced into Japan through the encounter and fusion of Western and Eastern cultures. The process of how foreign technology was accepted and took root was complicated and diverse. The process is analyzed to get a glimpse of its character by using lock manufacturing and brass production as examples. The case study of the lock industry examines the second introduction stage from the end of the medieval period to the early modern period. The results elucidate the transition from the dominance of Asian-style locks to the introduction of European-style locks. Moreover, based on the unification of Asian-style locks and the presence of locks made of brass with a low concentration of zinc, this case study implies that the domestic production may have started relatively early. Regarding brass production, which required special instruments and techniques due to the properties of zinc gas generated in the metal smelting process, the case study examines collections of instruments that were apparently used for brass production, such as handled crucibles and lids, to determine when foreign technology was introduced. The results indicate that it was introduced in a few places as early as the first half of the 16th century and came into common use, though limited, from the late 16th to the early 17th century. Mixed metal production started in full scale in the mid-17th century. Furthermore, this article suggests that the production technology of Western-style locks was accepted in different ways. For example, the Japanese locks whose domestic production started in the 17th century and those excavated from early modern sites were modeled after European locks in external appearance but not in internal structure. The internal structure and lock system of the Japanese locks were the same as those of Asian locks. In light of the above, this article compares the maturity of production processes between the Western-style brass locks, keys, and metal corners of Namban-style lacquerware destined for export markets (a typical example of the fusion of Japanese and Western cultures at the end of the 16th century) and the unearthed locks and brass products. What has been discovered so far suggests that the production was limited in both scale and geographical distribution at that time. This remains an issue to be examined as the time of the establishment of the technology implied by the analysis of the archaeological artifacts is not consistent with the initial peak of the production of lacquerware for export markets.departmental bulletin pape
Burial Process of Wooden-chambered Cairns in Silla : Focusing on Hwangnamdaechong Tomb (Part II)
Get PDFapplication/pdf本論文は韓国慶尚北道慶州市に位置する皇南大塚の築造工程と古墳で執り行われた埋葬・儀礼行為を検討することによって，5世紀代の新羅の大型積石木槨墓における埋葬プロセスを総合的に復元し，その特徴と意義について考察したものである。皇南大塚を検討した結果，大型積石木槨墓の埋葬プロセスは大きく3段階にわたって進行したことが明らかとなった。まず，第1段階は1次墳丘と埋葬主体部の構築，および被葬者の埋葬，副葬品の埋納行為が行われる段階であり，木槨の構築，木槨側部積石部の構築，1次墳丘の構築が同時併行で行われたものと推定した。また，この第1段階には被葬者の埋葬行為にともなう古墳築造の中断面が存在し，大型積石木槨墓は被葬者の埋葬行為が築造工程の過程で行われる「同時進行型」古墳であることを示している。第2段階は1次墳丘の密封行為が行われる段階であるが，その最後に儀礼が行われた古墳築造の休止面が存在しており，1次墳丘上面が埋葬プロセスにおける重要な儀礼の場であったことを示している。第3段階には2次墳丘の構築が行われており，古墳構築の最終段階の工程と儀礼が行われる段階である。積石木槨墓は埋葬行為が行われる段階には，すでに1次墳丘が築かれており，地下式木槨墓のような典型的な「墳丘後行型」古墳とは，埋葬・儀礼行為が行われる場が異なっていた。また，皇南大塚南墳と北墳は相互に継承関係があることは明らかであるが，南墳と北墳の被葬者が夫婦である可能性は低く，5世紀代の新羅では夫婦合葬が普及していなかったと推定される。大型積石木槨墓は原三国時代後期から続く木槨墓の最終形態であるとともに，厚葬墓の頂点に位置づけられる墓制である。皇南大塚南墳は古墳規模や副葬品の質・量だけでなく，埋葬プロセスの複雑性においても大きく飛躍しており，皇南大塚南墳が新羅王陵の出現を，北墳がその確立を示している。This article analyzes the construction process and burial/funeral practices of Hwangnamdaechong Tomb in Gyeongju City, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, South Korea, to provide a comprehensive picture of the burial process of large-scale wooden-chambered cairns in Silla in the fifth century and explain their characteristics and meaning. The analysis of Hwangnamdaechong Tomb indicates that the burial process of the large-scale wooden-chambered cairn was carried out in three stages. The first stage included the construction of the first burial mound and the main part of the tomb and the burial of the corpse along with grave goods. It is presumed that the wooden chamber, the cairn around the tomb, and the first burial mound were simultaneously constructed. Moreover, the soil profile of the first stage indicates that the construction was discontinued to inter the corpse. This suggests that large-scale wooden-chambered cairns fall into the category of concurrent interment tombs, where the corpse was interred under construction. In the second stage, the first burial mound was sealed. The soil profile of this stage shows that the construction was interrupted at the end of the stage to perform a ceremony and implies that the upper part of the first mound was considered important in the burial process. In the third stage, the second burial mound was constructed. It was the final stage of the tomb construction and funeral process. In the case of wooden-chambered cairns, the first burial mound had been completed when the corpse was interred, and therefore the burial and funeral rituals took place at a different place from that of typical preconstruction interment tombs, such as underground wooden-chambered tombs. The analysis of Hwangnamdaechong Tomb suggests that the corpses interred in its northern and southern burial mounds are unlikely to have been a married couple though they were certainly related to each other. It is therefore presumed that married couples were not generally buried together in Silla in the fifth century. Large-scale wooden-chambered cairns are considered as the final form of wooden-chambered tombs that emerged in the late Proto-Three Kingdoms period and as a top-ranked tomb for eminent figures. In particular, Hwangnamdaechong Tomb is much greater than others in terms not only of size of burial mounds and quality and quantity of grave goods but also of complexity in the burial process. The southern burial mound of Hwangnamdaechong Tomb implies the emergence of Silla kings' tombs, while the northern burial mound implies their establishment.departmental bulletin pape