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[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] Annual Report on NMJH Permanent Exhibition Renovation Project of Gallery 1 Prehistoric and Early Japan (FY 2018)
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[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] DNA Analysis of Human Bones of the Late Yayoi Period Excavated at the Aoya-Kamijichi Site, Tottori, Tottori
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[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] DNA Analysis of Human Bones of the Middle Yayoi Period Excavated at the Antokudai Site, Nakagawa, Fukuoka
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[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] Reconsidering Museum Exhibits from the Perspective of Gender Based on the Practical Example of "Project-based Learning" in a University
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Agency Building and Regional Transformation during the Sanrizuka Struggle
Get PDFapplication/pdf成田空港の計画・建設・稼働・拡張をめぐって長期にわたって展開されてきた三里塚闘争は，学問分野を問わず，運動が興隆した時期の研究蓄積が薄く，本格的な学術研究は1980年代に開始され，未開拓の領域を多く残している。
先行研究を概観すると，歴史学では近年の日本通史において戦後史の巻等に三里塚闘争に関する言及が複数確認でき，高度成長期における諸社会矛盾に異議を申し立てた住民運動の代表例や住民運動と学生運動の合流事例として位置づけられている。近年は，地域住民と支援者の関係に着眼して運動の歴史的推移を論じた研究も発表されている。だが，運動の盛衰と運動展開地域の政治経済構造の変容を関連づけた研究は手薄であり，地域社会の構造的把握と反対運動の歴史的推移の連接関係を明らかにする研究が必要である。
そこで，本稿では，三里塚闘争に関する既存研究や既存の調査データの整理と検討を行った後に，空港反対運動の展開による地域社会構造の変容と空港開発の進行による地域社会構造の変容の2視点から，三里塚闘争の歴史的推移を跡づけた。反対運動が実力闘争化する1960年代末には，空港建設をめぐる衝突が繰り返されたが，同時期の運動展開地の議会において反対派が多くの議席を獲得するなど多様な抗議手段が試みられており，空港反対運動の開始以前から農民運動等の経験をもつ住民層が参画した。しかし，1970年代後半からは空港開発の進行とともに交付金や税収増などによる空港城下町化が進行し，地方議会選挙における多数の候補者擁立といった制度的資源を介した抗議が困難化する傾向も認めることができる。地域社会内の政治経済構造の変容をふまえた運動の歴史的推移をまとめた後には，空港建設にかかる利害を直接に共有しないにもかかわらず多数の支援者が参入した経過や支援者の動員構造を明らかにする課題が残されている。The Sanrizuka Struggle has been unfolding for years, over the planning, construction, operation, and expansion of Narita Airport. Regardless of the academic discipline, no substantial research was conducted on the Struggle when the movement emerged. Full-fledged academic investigations began only in the 1980s, and a number of areas remain unexplored.
A review of past research yields that multiple references to the Sanrizuka Struggle can be confirmed in texts in the field of history studies in recent overviews that pertain to the post-war period of Japanese history. In these, the Struggle has been positioned as a representative example of resident movements that have challenged various social inconsistencies at the time of rapid economic growth, and as an instance of the confluence of resident and student movements. In recent years, research initiatives that discuss the historical changes in the movement have also been published. These focus on the associations between local residents and supporters of the resistance. However, research that relates the rise and fall of the movement with the transformations observed in the political and economic structure of the region within which the movement developed is insufficient. There is thus a need for scholarly investigation that clarifies the adjacency relation between an understanding of the structure of the local community and the historical transition of the protest movement.
In this paper, therefore, the authors traced the evolution of the Sanrizuka Struggle after collating and evaluating existing studies and available research data. The assessment was effected from two perspectives: the changes that became visible in the structure of the local community because of the expansion of the airport opposition movement; and the transformations that occurred in the structure of the local community as the development of the airport progressed. In the late 1960s, when the protest movement transformed into a competent activist faction, there were repeated clashes over the construction of the airport. During the same period, the opposition won a large number of assembly seats in the regions where the movement was expanding, and varied means of protest were attempted, including the participation of residents who had gained some experience in the political action of protest during the peasant movement that happened before the drive to oppose the airport began. However, since the late 1970s, along with advancements in the development of the airport complex, a progressive transformation of the airport castle town has taken place owing to subsidies and increased tax revenues. Protests conducted through the intervention of institutional resources such as the fielding of candidates in local parliamentary elections also tend to face difficulties in the present socio-economic context. After summarizing the historical changes in the movement on the grounding of the transformation of the political and economic structure of the local community, future research must still contend with the issue of elucidating the process of eliciting the participation of citizens in the movement: Why would such a large number of supporters join such a drive? What mobilization structure made the large-scale public protest possible despite the absence of any direct sharing of stakes related to the airport construction?departmental bulletin pape
Baekje and Honam Seen from the Perspective of Construction Techniques of Corridor-Type Stone Chambers : Tomb Groups of the Ungjin Period Baekje and Yeongsan River Basin (Part IV)
Get PDFapplication/pdf本稿では，横穴式石室を素材として，韓半島三国時代の百済と湖南地方（栄山江流域を中心とした全羅道地方）の諸集団との関係の一端を提示する。特に両地域の横穴式石室の築造技術に観察される共通点と相違点（技術系譜の差）をもとに，造墓行為の系統や工人の動向について推論することを目指した。5世紀後半から6世紀前半までの湖南地方の古墳は多様化の様相を見せ，方台形，円形，前方後円形など様々な形態の墳丘内に甕棺や竪穴式石槨，横穴式石室など多様な埋葬施設が造られた。この時期は馬韓系の墓制（周溝墓）の展開期と，泗沘期百済の規格化された横穴式石室の拡散期の間の過渡期的時期にあたっており，土着系の墓制が百済系墓制に変わっていく段階に多様な地域の文化的影響が当地に及んだことがうかがえる。この時期の墓制の一つに，百済の影響を受けたとされる横穴式石室が含まれる。この時期の百済地域の中心勢力に関わると考えられる横穴式石室の構築技法を観察すると，石材の加工・使用法，構築の工程，空間設定と石材の使用数の間に相関性が見られ，異なる古墳群間で構築技術およびそれを保有していた集団の系譜を割り出すことができる。この共通的技術を保有する造墓集団を仮に「王畿系集団」とし，同様の技法で造られた石室の分布からその活動範囲を想定した。この王畿系集団の技術で築造された横穴式石室と湖南地方の石室を比較すると，形態やおおよその構造が類似するものでも，構築技法や石材使用の方法において直接の関連は見られないことがわかる。従って，これまで「百済系」「熊津系」とされていた湖南地方の横穴式石室は百済の中心勢力との関係で造られたものとはいえない。一方で，百済の西海岸地域に湖南地方の石室と構造・技術的に類似したものがあり，百済の特定地域集団との関係を想定することができる。This paper takes, as material, the yokoana-shiki sekishitsu or corridor-type stone chambers and presents one aspect of the relationship between various groups of Baekje and Honam region (Jeolla province centered on the Yeongsan river basin) during the Three-Kingdom Period of the Korean Peninsula. Specifically, the aim was to infer trends in the inheritance of tomb methods and worker trends based on the similarities and differences (in the inheritance of techniques) observed in the construction techniques of the corridor-type stone chambers in both regions. The tombs of the Honam region from the late 5th to the early 6th century showed diverse aspects, with various burial facilities built including kamekan (earthenware jar-coffins or burial urns), pit-type sekkaku (stone surrounding wooden coffins), and corridor-type stone chambers. These were in burial mounds of various shapes including trapezoidal, circular, and large key-hole shaped forms. This was a transitional period between the development of the burial system (shukobo or burial mound surrounded by a moat) of the Mahan confederacy and the proliferation of the standardized corridor-type stone chambers of the Shihi period Baekje. One can observe that the cultural influences of the various regions spread to this area at a time when the indigenous tomb system was changing to the Baekje system of burial. One of the burial systems in this period includes the corridor-type stone chambers considered to have been influenced by Baekje. If we analyze the construction techniques of the corridor-type stone chambers thought to be related to the central power of the Baekje region during this period, one can see a correlation between the methods of stone processing, usage, the process of construction, space setting, and the frequency of use of the stone materials, from among the different kofun groups. It is, therefore, possible to ascertain the construction techniques as well as the genealogy of the groups that maintained them. Assuming that the tomb construction group that possessed these conventional techniques is the "Kingdom Group," it is possible to estimate the range of their activities from the distribution of the stone chambers constructed using similar techniques. If we compare the corridortype stone chambers built using techniques of the Kingdom Group and the stone chambers of the Honam region, no direct relation is observed in the construction techniques and the methods of using stone materials, although the shape and rough structure are familiar. Therefore, the corridor-type stone chambers of the Honam region assumed to be of the [Baekje system] [Ungjin system] cannot be said to be constructed in relation to the central power of Baekje. On the other hand, in the west coast region of Baekje, stone chambers similar to those in the Honam region regarding construction and techniques are present. As a result, there is a possibility for a relationship with a particular regional group of Baekje.departmental bulletin pape
Mirrors of the Southern Korean Peninsula and Negotiations between Wa (Japan) and Korea (Part V)
Get PDFapplication/pdf器物を媒介とした政治関係は，分与者の視点で語られる傾向が強い。器物の価値を自明とする意識を相対化し，分与者および受領者が価値を認識する場やプロセスに注目した検討が求められる。朝鮮半島南部の出土鏡は，その問題をもっとも先鋭化させ鮮明にする資料である。
本論では，古墳時代と並行する三国時代において，朝鮮半島南部が保有した鏡をもとに，その入手経緯を整理し，倭王権が鏡分与を通じて企図した秩序とその構造を検討することで，倭韓の交渉の実態を描出しようと試みた。
まず，朝鮮半島南部出土鏡の概要を整理し，中国での鏡の保有状況と日本列島での鏡の保有状況を対照して，中国鏡と倭鏡の流入プロセスを検討した。中国鏡の流入は，倭韓が対中国交渉を共有し，相互に関係をもちつつも独立した交渉を進め個別に入手したものとして理解することを提案した。倭鏡では，王権からの直接分与か二次流通を介した間接分与かを，価値の認識という視点で検討した。間接分与でも王権が意図した秩序は機能すること，日本列島内部でも間接分与がみえることから，倭王権が意図した秩序は，直接分与に限定しない柔軟な，拡大の可能性を内包する秩序であることを示した。朝鮮半島南部の倭鏡は，北部九州を介した間接分与（二次流通）が想定できることを指摘した。
倭韓の交渉の実態を詳述するとともに，鏡を媒介とした秩序が，絶対基準を強く意識しすぎること，分与者と受領者の相互承認を強調しすぎることを改めて指摘し，第三者の認識を可能にする装置としての意義も考える必要があること，朝鮮半島南部の帯金式甲冑や鏡にはそうした機能が期待されたことを示した。Political relationships mediated by objects tend to be described from the perspective of the giver. These relationships develop from the sense that the value of an object is self-evident, and the distributor and the recipient should recognize the value of the objects and the process of acquiring the objects. The mirrors unearthed in the southern region of the Korean Peninsula are a suitable material to highlight the issue.
In this paper, I analyzed the acquisition of mirrors during the Three Kingdoms period, which occurred in parallel with the Tumulus (Kofun) period, based on evidence from the mirrors owned in the southern Korean Peninsula. I tried to describe the structure that the Wa (Japan) Kingdom attempted to establish through the distribution of mirrors and the actual conditions of the negotiations between Wa and Korea.
First, I outlined the description concerning the mirrors excavated in the southern Korean Peninsula. I also examined the process of the inflows of the Chinese mirrors and the Wa mirrors by comparing ownership statistics regarding the mirrors in China and the Japanese archipelago. I suggested that the inflow of Chinese mirrors should be understood as a result of negotiations by Wa and Korea with China, which were conducted independently despite their shared relationships with China. I examined whether Wa mirrors were distributed directly by the Kingdom or indirectly through a secondary distribution from the perspective of the recognition of the values. I showed that the order the Kingdom intended to establish would function even if the mirrors were distributed indirectly, and the order the Kingdom intended to establish was one that was flexible without limiting their direct distributions and had a potential to expand since their indirect distributions are found in the Japanese archipelago. I pointed out that it is possible to assume that the Wa mirrors found in the southern Korean Peninsula were a secondary distribution that arrived via northern Kyushu.
I explained in detail the negotiations between Wa and Korea, revealing that the order enforced through mirrors would overemphasize the significance of the mutual agreement between the distributors and the recipients. Additionally, I showed that it is necessary to consider the significance of a device that would enable a third party to have the recognition, and that such a function was expected for metal-strap armors and mirrors in the southern Korean Peninsula.departmental bulletin pape
[Research Notes]On the Critical Edition of the "Procedures for Kami Affairs" from the Engishiki
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[Research Notes] A Trial Attempt at Disaster-Time Logistical Support in the Form of an Exhibition
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[Research Notes] The Prefectural Museum's Aim after the Earthquake Disaster : The Museum, the Region, and the Children
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