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[Article] Goshin'ei [Photos of Japan's Emperor and Empress] in the History of Schools in Tainan Xinhua
Get PDFapplication/pdf本稿は植民地期台湾の一地域にとって「御真影」がいかなる役割を担ったのかということを，学校沿革誌，郡誌，当該時期の戸口統計等の資料を手がかりに検討したものである。
第一に，台湾における御真影は，朝鮮への下付と異なり，戦闘状況下の日本軍の展開に合わせて開始された。1920年代以降学校への下付は中等教育機関から広まりだしたものの，公学校（台湾人初等教育機関）へはほとんど下付されなかった。
第二に，新化尋常小学校は，「御真影奉護」の人員確保を考えれば，教員数の減少は避けねばならかったが，1930年代には新化街の日本人人口が減少していた。学級編成および教員の数を確保できたのは，台湾人児童の尋常小学校在籍数に支えられたことが推定される。
第三に，新化尋常小学校への御真影下付が同校だけにとどまらず，新化公学校と農業補習学校児童生徒に対する一定の役割も担った。その人数を見れば天皇・皇后写真による「教育」の対象は台湾人児童が圧倒的多数である。
御真影を下付されていない学校の児童生徒に対して，「紀元節」「四方拝」（一月一日）などの学校儀式のあと尋常小学校まで移動して拝礼を実施する，奉護燈設置の寄付金を拠出させるなどの要求がなされた。一方では学校として御真影下付校に選ばれないという構造的な劣位への配置と同時に，他方で天皇崇敬教育のために御真影およびその奉護設備を利用した「教育」には巻き込まれたことを具体的な事象をもって示した。From the late 19th century to the almost first half of 20th century, Japan's schools are known that they received Emperor and Empress's official photos from the Ministry of Imperial House. The photos that called Goshin'ei were very strictly and carefully reserved, supervised by school staffs and made full use of for the school rituals. But recent research is making it clear that prudent and deliberate observation in accordance with the actual situation in those days are needed before settling into short paradigm like "Tennōsei [Emperor System] Ideology".
Based on understanding described above, this paper examined the social and educational role of the Japanese Emperor's photos in colonized Taiwan through making use of school official documents, the materials in local office and population statistics in those days.
Taiwanese schools in Xinhua haven't been selected as the school that could receive the Emperor's photo, on the one hand. Taiwanese children were, however, involved in "education" by Goshin'ei , on the other. The reason for this is firstly because Taiwanese common school are placed next to the Japanese school and secondly because Xinhua normal elementary school, which had been established for children of Japanese residents in Xinhua area, received the photos.
This kind of intricate social structure cannot always be applied for all Taiwanese schools. However, the case in Xinhua shows one characteristic conformation in colonial education.departmental bulletin pape
[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] Elucidating the History of Yaponesian Based on Archaeological Data : Researches in FY 2018
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[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] Archaeological Report on the Chronology of Shell Accumulations and Human Bones etc. of Late Shell Midden Period Excavated in Yomitan, Okinawa
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[Article] Fisheries of Tsushima’s Maritime People in the Japan–Korea Seas During the Middle Ages
Get PDFapplication/pdf本稿は、中世における、対馬島周辺の海域および朝鮮半島南岸海域(慶尚道・全羅道)で活動した対馬島の海民について分析を試みたものである。
まず対馬島周辺海域における漁業について検討した。
網漁では、大山氏のような在地領主による経営が行われ、それを前提として、島主宗氏が網人の名を把握していた。このように領主の主導で網漁が行われていたところに、対馬の特性が見られる。漁具では、他に筌が使用されていた。
早留浦では潜女(海女)による潜水漁法が行われていた。また曲海士は、対馬全島における網漁や「海鹿」(イルカ)漁を行っていた。網漁を行う集団と潜女の集団は、漁法を考慮すると、異質な存在であった。
次に慶尚道・全羅道海域における対馬の海民による漁業について検討した。
朝鮮王朝の領域内において操業を認めてもらうことになるため、対馬島主宗氏や早田左衛門大郎らが、朝鮮王朝と頻繁に交渉した。慶尚道において漁場として確保できたのは、富山浦・乃而浦・塩浦という三浦の周辺である。全羅道においては、宗貞盛と朝鮮王朝との間で孤草島釣魚禁約(一四四一年)を結び、孤草島(巨文島)の内海を漁場として確保した。
これらの漁場において、海民は釣魚を行った。彼らは、対馬島内で網漁や潜水漁業に従事した海民とは、異質な人々であった可能性がある。This paper analyzes Tsushima’s maritime people who were actively engaged in fishing in the seas around Tsushima and the southern seas of the Korean peninsula (Gyeongsang and Jeolla Provinces) during the Middle Ages.
First, the fisheries in the seas around Tsushima were studied. Through the study analysis, it was revealed that net fishing technique was usually used in these seas, and a local feudal lord, such as that of the Ōyama Clan, was appointed as a net fisherman and facilitated net fishing management. Peculiarities between Tsushima’s maritime people were also observed in their net fishing technique that was performed under the guidance of the local feudal lord. Moreover, traps were employed for fishing tackle technique.
In the Hayatome bay, women divers used the diving fishing technique; additionally, skilled male divers used the net fishing and “dolphin” fishing techniques throughout Tsushima. On studying the fishing techniques of groups that used net fishing and groups of women divers, it is revealed that they possessed different characteristics.
Second, the fisheries of Tsushima’s maritime people in the seas of the Gyeongsang and Jeolla Provinces were studied. As operations within the regions of the Korean dynasty were recognized, Tsushima Island chiefs and Saemontarō Sōda frequently interacted with the Korean dynasty. Further, fishing grounds were demarcated for maritime people to performed fishing activities and included Fuzanho, Najiho, and Enpo areas of Gyeongsang Province. In Jeolla Province, a fishing ban was imposed on Gochodo Island (1441 CE) mutually by Sō Sadamori and the Korean dynasty, and the inland sea of Gochodo (Geomundo) was secured as a fishing ground. Thus, it can be deduced that different maritime people were engaged in net fishing and dive fishing techniques in Tsushima.departmental bulletin pape
[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] Archaeological Report on the Chronology of Human Bones of the Middle to Late Yayoi Period Excavated at Aoya-Kamijichi Site, Tottori, Tottori
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[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] Archaeological Report on the Chronology of Human Bones of Middle Yayoi Period Excavated at Antokudai Site, Nakagawa, Fukuoka
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[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] Archaeological Report on the Chronology of Shell Accumulations of the Late Shell Midden Period Excavated in Chatan, Okinawa
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[Research Notes] The Advanced Digital Archives Technologies by the Intelligent Information Processing
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