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[Article] Fishing in the Waters off the Korean Peninsula Prior to the 1883 Trade Regulations : A Focus on the History and Significance of Going to Fish in Tsushima
Get PDFapplication/pdf小稿では，明治16年(1883)の「朝鮮国に於て日本人民貿易の規則」および明治22年(1889)の「日本朝鮮両国通漁規則」によって，日本人漁民による朝鮮近海への通漁が公式に認められる以前の朝鮮海出漁の様相を明らかにするとともに，この出漁が近世から日常的におこなわれてきた対馬への出漁の延長上にあることに注目し，明治初頭の朝鮮海出漁が日本人漁民にとってどのような意味を持つものであったかについて考察する。
まず第一節では，「朝鮮国に於て日本人民貿易の規則」締結以前の明治初頭に朝鮮海出漁に出た浦々の出漁の経緯を整理し，すべての浦が対馬への出漁を経験していること，そして，その一部は近世段階で対馬への進出を果たしていることを明らかにする。第二節では，近世段階での対馬への他領からの出漁の様相を確認するとともに，対馬を拠点として朝鮮海での「密漁」もおこなっていたことを指摘する。そして第三節では，漁民が複数の漁を組み合わせることで周年操業をめざそうとする論理のうちに朝鮮海出漁をとらえ，これまで一般的であった貧困からの脱出を求めての朝鮮海出漁というフレームに疑義を呈する。The objective of the study was to explain the fishing situation of Japanese fishermen in the waters off the Korean Peninsula before the official approval of the Regulations regarding Trade by Japanese People in Korea in 1883 and Japan-Korea Bilateral Commercial Fishing Regulations in 1889, particularly focusing on the fact that there was a close relationship between fishing around the Korean Peninsula and Tsushima Island. Also, we discussed the experience of Japanese fishermen who fished near the Korean Peninsula.
In the first section, we analyzed how fishermen who went fishing in the waters around the Korean Peninsula before 1883 came to travel to the area by region. We found that fishermen from all areas first went fishing around Tsushima Island before going fishing around the Korean Peninsula. In the second section, we confirmed that fishermen from other areas came to Tsushima to fish in the early modern Japanese era. We also pointed out that poaching was also ongoing around the Korean Peninsula. In the third section, we investigated the general fishing practices of that era and found that fishermen combined several fishing methods that enabled them to catch fish all year round, and fishing off the coast of the Korean Peninsula was one of these methods. This knowledge provides new insights into the generally held opinion that poorly equipped Japanese fishermen went out close to the Korean Peninsula to make a living.departmental bulletin pape
[Article] Status and Development of Japanese Fisheries Management During Korea's Colonization Period : A Focus on the Fishermen of Kan-onji-City Ibuki-jima, Kagawa Prefecture, and Saka-cho Yokohama, Hiroshima Prefecture
Get PDFapplication/pdfかつて瀬戸内海沿岸や九州北部の日本漁民が朝鮮半島沿海地域に通漁し，移住した。このことを，当時の日本人漁民側の視点から「朝鮮海出漁」ないし「韓海出漁」と呼んだ。日本漁民の移動は，単に人の移動だけではなく，結果として日本漁民と朝鮮漁民との交流を生み，相互の漁業技術の移転，文化の伝播を生じさせた。こうした背景には，植民地期の漁業経営の実態があるが，その内実については，意外にもこれまでほとんど明らかにされてこなかった。
本研究では，香川県観音寺伊吹島と広島県坂町横浜の2漁村の出身漁民による朝鮮への通漁・移住について，実証研究にもとづく事例を提示し，比較検討を行った。その結果，次の4つの結論に至った。
第1に，朝鮮への通漁・移住後の漁具・漁法の変更，根拠地の移動を指標とした発展型モデルの伊吹島と，継続型モデルの坂町横浜といった分類が可能であること。第2に，出身地を離れた植民地期朝鮮においても，地縁者，血縁者の相互援助にもとづく漁業経営が行われていたこと。第3に，網元等漁業経営者や関連業種の経営者等は朝鮮に移住・定住することが多かったが，出身地側から季節的労働者として移動し，漁業や水産加工に従事する者も多かったことである。同時に，漁業根拠地とした地域の朝鮮人住民を季節ごとに短期雇用していた。第4に，植民地期という不幸な時代での生活者の事例ではあるが，日本と朝鮮相互の接触により文化や技術が移転，伝播し，相互に形を変えて現在まで継承されている例として，漁業経営があげられることである。Japanese fishermen from the coast of the Seto Inland Sea and northern Kyushu migrated to the Korean peninsula coast to engage in fishing. This aspect was called “fishing in the Korean Sea” or “fishing in the Korea Strait” by the then Japanese fishermen. The migration of Japanese fishermen resulted in frequent exchanges between the Japanese and Korean fishermen, the mutual transfer of fishery techniques, and cultural transmission due to the status of fisheries management during the colonization period; however, these aspects were never examined thoroughly.
In this study, examples based on the empirical research are presented, and a comparative study is performed with respect to fishery and Japanese fishermen’s migration to Korea from two areas, i.e., Kan-onji-City Ibuki-jima, Kagawa Prefecture, and Saka-cho Yokohama, Hiroshima Prefecture. Consequently, the four following conclusions are deduced.
First, It is possible to classify Ibuki-jima, Which is an advanced model, and Saka-cho Yokohama, which is a continuos model, according to the indicators, the movement of fishing tackle and fishing methods, and the movement of the base after fishing in and migrating to Korea. Second, in Korea, even during the colonization period, although Japanese fishermen were far from their motherland, fisheries management was conducted on the basis of mutual assistance between those belonging to the same regions and sharing blood relations. Third, in addition to fisheries managers such as the heads of fishing groups and related industry managers who migrated and settled in Korea, several Japanese seasonal workers also migrated and worked in fisheries and marine product processing units in Korea. At the same time, Korean people were provided short-term employment in each season in the regions of the fishery bases. Fourth, although people experienced unhappiness during Korea’s colonization period, cultural and technical transfers and transmissions prevailed due to the frequent contact between Japan and Korea, which has mutually evolved until today.departmental bulletin pape
[Research Notes] Blue–violet and Bonito Seas : Legends of the Origins of Bonito
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[Research Notes] Creation of Saimon Narrative Prayers in a Rural Area : A Bibliographical Introduction and Reprint of Wontoshikami Saimon in the Yamauchi District of Toyone Village, Kitashitara District, Aichi Prefecture
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[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] DNA Analysis of Human Bones from the Early Kofun Period Excavated at the Chausuyama Burial Mounds, Takamatsu, Kagawa
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[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] Archaeological Report on the Chronology of Human Bone of Early Shell Midden Period etc. Excavated at Oike Site B, Takarajima, Kagoshima
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A Proposal for Image Retrieval System Based on Features of Composition of Kosode Byobu
Get PDFapplication/pdf国立歴史民俗博物館では，同館が所蔵する野村コレクションのデジタルアーカイブ化が既に行われ，小袖屛風の画像データとその資料情報をコンピュータ上で簡便に扱うことが可能となった。しかしその主要なコンテンツである画像データそのものに基づいた解析機能は実装されておらず，各画像の視覚的な類似度とその資料情報との相関を測るといった用途には利用ができない現状である。
このデジタルアーカイブに含まれる小袖屛風画像の数は100個を超えており，その画像群に対して同一の基準の元に分類，ラベル付けを人手で行うことは困難である。一方で全ての小袖屛風画像は電子化されているため，コンピュータを用いた処理を導入することで，自動的に整理することが可能である。特に，近年発展目覚ましい機械学習技術を応用した画像処理では，従来では不可能だった人間の感性や印象に近い処理を経て，画像を整理することが可能である。
こうした問題に対して著者らは，これまでに機械学習技術を応用した画像処理により，画像の構図に基づいた類似画像検索をコンピュータ上で行う手法を提案してきた。
本論文ではこれまでに著者らが提案した，画像の構図に基づいた類似画像検索を行う手法の仕組みについて説明し，野村コレクションのデジタルアーカイブに対して適用可能かどうか検討する。さらに実際に開発した，小袖屛風画像の類似画像検索を行うシステムを紹介し，その利用方法について説明する。The National Museum of Japanese History conducted digital archiving of Nomura Collection that is sets of Kosode Folding Screen Pictures (Kosode Byobu) in the past. It includes not only Kosode Pictures that is main contents of this digital archive but also material information. It makes that researchers can treat these contents conveniently.
However, this digital archive has no function that analyze relationship of Kosode Byobu focusing on the image data itself. We can analyze it only by referring to existing material information that is not directly related to relationship of images. To analyze relationship of image data by tagging impression that the image causes is difficult because its huge scale prevents organize it by the human hand.
In other hand, computational method can analyze these Kosode Byobu efficiently. Especially, applying image processing with machine learning technology is powerful solution, which realized the processing like human sensitivity recently. By using the machine learning technology, we can expect to discover such as underlying relationship of Kosode Byobu that is impossible to detect by human intelligence and sensitivity.
We attempt to organize this digital archive by proposing a method of the image retrieving according to the composition of image.
In this paper, we consider weather our method can be applied to classification of Kosode Byobu according to its composition. Then, we propose Image retrieving system of Kosode Byobu according to its composition using our method and introduce how to use it.departmental bulletin pape
