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[Article] Bingo “Kusazu” and the Nagai Family : A Port Town as a Feudal Lord’s (Part IV : The Warrior Lords Seen from Ruins and Objects)
Full text link草戸千軒町遺跡は，広島県福山市に所在する13世紀中頃から16世紀初頭にかけて存続した集落の遺跡である。この集落は福山湾岸に位置する港湾集落で，鎌倉時代には「草津」，室町時代には「草土」などと呼ばれていたと考えられる。遺跡は，文字資料では明らかにしがたかった中世における民衆生活の実態を明らかにしたことが評価され，集落の住人は文字資料に記されることのない庶民が主体であったと考える傾向が強かった。しかし，発掘調査の成果にもとづき，集落の変遷過程を地域社会の動向のなかに位置づけていくと，集落の成立・停滞・再開発・終焉といった画期に，武家領主の動向が大きく影響をおよぼしていたことが考えられるようになった。
本稿では，13世紀中頃から14世紀前半の鎌倉時代後期における集落変遷の背景に，鎌倉幕府の御家人で備後守護や長和荘地頭に任じられていた長井氏が関与していたことを想定した。発掘調査した集落の中核に位置する「中心区画」と呼ぶ区域の出土資料に注目すると，井戸には当時最も「格」の高い場所に存在した多角形縦板組の井側をもつものが集中し，木簡からは近隣地域との商品・金融取引の拠点として機能していたことがうかがえる。また，当時最先端の文化活動であったと考えられる闘茶が行われていたことを示す闘茶札が，中国産天目茶碗・茶入をともなって出土し，白磁四耳壺・青白磁梅瓶・吉州窯系鉄絵瓶子といった座敷飾りの陶磁器も出土している。ここに，「会所」に比定できる施設が存在していたことが想定できる。
以上のような「中心区画」の卓越性は，この集落が武家領主の地域支配の拠点であったことを示していると考えられる。The Kusado Sengen-cho site is the site of a medieval port town located in Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture. The results of the excavations have revealed that the port town was founded in the middle of the 13th century, declined in the middle of the 14th century, was redeveloped in the first half of the 15th century, and survived until the beginning of the 16th century.
In the site, there was an area that is considered to have played a significant role in the management of the settlement, as the quality and quantity of excavated artifacts are outstanding in this area. Many wooden tablets with inscriptions have been unearthed from there, and it is known from the inscriptions that there were people who traded goods with neighboring areas and lent money with interest. Wells with high-class structures were built intensively in the area. In addition, wooden tablets showing that tea ceremonies called “Tocha” were held in the 14th century were unearthed along with the Chinese tea bowls and tea containers used in tea ceremonies.
From these unearthed materials, it can be seen that residents of this area exerted influence on the economic activities of the neighboring area and were able to hold state-of-the-art cultural events at the time. Such a person can be identified as a person related to the Nagai family, who was an immediate vassal of the Kamakura shogunate and was appointed as the Commissioner of Bingo Province.departmental bulletin pape
[Research Notes] Memorandum on the Chinese-style Chest in Engi Shiki (Part 2)
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[Research Notes] Tourism Inherent in Museums and Tourism as Policy : Interlacing Policies and Research Fields (Part II)
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Overview and Results of the Collaborative Research: Developing the Base of Historical Materials for the Study of Calendar and Onmyodo: Documents of Nara Koyomishi Yoshikawa Family
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[Article] How to Analyze Historical Documents of Local Calendar Craftsmen and Local Onmyōji in the Early Modern Period : A Case Study of the Yoshikawa Family in Nara
Full text link近世の暦および陰陽道に関する資料群のうち、吉川家文書は、地方の暦師および陰陽師の活動がわかる稀有な資料群である。特に、暦や土御門家が発給した文書だけでなく、奈良で作成された文書資料や、吉川家の蔵書（書籍史料）が質量ともに充実しているため、研究利用する者の視角により、新しい情報を得ることができる点が注目される。しかし、先行研究では、吉川家文書を研究者の問題関心に基づいて使用してはきたが、資料群の全体像への関心は希薄であった。そこで、本稿では、先行研究が吉川家文書のどの資（史）料をどのように利用してきたのかまとめ、吉川家文書を用いた研究の現状と今後の課題を明確化した。さらに、日本近世史の最新の動向を踏まえた吉川家文書分析の具体例として、近年研究が進んでいる書物・出版研究および蔵書研究の方法論を援用し、吉川家文書の中でも注目されてきた史料である「暦掛り記録」を分析した。「暦掛り記録」の記述を断片的に取り上げるのではなく、史料の全体を踏まえた分析により、先行研究で注目されてこなかった、陰陽町の暦師（陰陽師）たちのイレギュラーな事象への対応や、記録管理への意識について考察した。The purpose of this paper is to present a new perspective on the studies on historical documents and materials of local calendar craftsmen and local Onmyōji, based on the summary of previous research using the Yoshikawa Family Documents and the deciphering of “Koyomi-Gakari-Kiroku”, which is one of these documents and have been drew attention by many researchers.
The Yoshikawa Family Documents is a very rich collection related to the creation and distribution of calendars and the activity of Onmyōji in Nara. However, in previous studies, researchers have focused only on themes concerning their own interests and have paid little attention to the whole group of the archives and materials of Yoshikawa Family. Therefore, the members of our collaborative research focused on the overall picture of the Yoshikawa Family Documents and deciphered several noteworthy documents including “Koyomi-Gakari-Kiroku”.
“Koyomi-Gakari-Kiroku” is the document with a lot of information on the creation and distribution of local calendars, recorded from 1854 to 1869 by the calendar craftsmen (many of them are also Onmyōji) of Ingyo-Machi, Nara. However, previous researches using it analyzed only some of the articles, such as usual schedule of the creation and distribution of “Nara-Goyomi”, the local calendars created in Nara.
Therefore, we check the overall structure of “Koyomi-Gakari-Kiroku” and analyze it in detail. Then, we consider the subjects which have not received enough attention in previous studies, such as responses to unusual situations by the calendar craftsmen of Ingyo-Machi and their awareness of archiving.departmental bulletin pape
[Research Notes] A Calendar Distributed with Jingū Taima : Orihon Reki Included in the Yoshikawa Family’s New Materials Group
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[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] Chronology of the Yoshikawa Family during the Early Modern Period (Movements Related to Calendars and Onmyodo are also Recorded)
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