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[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] Elucidating the History of Yaponesian Based on Archaeological Data : Researches in FY 2022
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[Research Notes] Implementation of Japanese Historical Data with Enhanced Interoperability : Case Study of the TEI and IIIF of the Engi Shiki (Part 1)
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What is Development of Cross-Cultural Research Bases for Studies of History and Culture ? : Progress and Result of the Collaboritive Research：Development of Cross-Cultural Research Bases for Studies of History and Culture
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[Research Notes] Medieval Historical Materials from the Wakasugi Family Documents in the Collection of the Kyoto Prefectural Museum of Kyoto Studies and Rekisaikan
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[Research Materials] Explanation of Divination, Notes on Divine Fortune in a Calendar, and Reverse-side Documents in the Yoshikawa Family Documents
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[Research Materials] Full Text of three Yoshikawa Family Documents Related to the Creation and Distribution of Calendars during Late Tokugawa and Meiji Restoration Period
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[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] Project / Research Repors of International Special Exhibition "Gaya: The History of Co-Existence in Ancient Asia"
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[Report on Investigation and Research Activity] The Natural Environment of the Mabi-area in Kurashiki City Since the Last Glacial Period and the Vicissitudes of the Society
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[Article] Historical and Folkloric Study of Rainmaking Customs in Northern Wakayama Prefecture
Full text link筆者は20年以上にわたり和歌山県北部において調査をおこなってきたなかで，雨乞いの民俗事例を多数確認してきた。この地域では雨乞いに関する民俗的な報告，歴史史料も存在する。本稿では，これらの民俗事例，歴史史料などを統合することで雨乞い習俗の地域的な広がり，歴史的な変遷について検討した。この地域の民俗事例を概観すると，①神社・寺院・小祠での祈祷，②神仏・宝物を持ち出して祈祷，③川・滝での祈祷，④水にまつわる山での祈祷，⑤火振り・火焚き，⑥芸能（相撲）に分類できる。雨乞いをおこなう場合，①だけで雨が降らなければ，複数の雨乞いをおこなった。地域によって実施する内容や順序は異なっていた。実施主体は，近世には支配者などもあったが，近現代では村落共同体で実施する場合が多く，なかには村単位，郡単位で実施することもあった。近世には雨乞い儀礼には修験者などの宗教者が関与することがあったが，近現代では村人自身の手で実施する傾向が強まった。江戸時代から明治時代までは火振りがおこなわれることも多かったが，しだいに大掛かりな火焚きが広まっていったようである。火焚きには修験者が実施してきた柴燈護摩の影響が強く認められる。高野山の灯明から火をもらい火振り・火焚きをする習俗は，江戸中期に広まった可能性が高い。地域的な傾向としては，高野山・天野社に関係する修験者が関与した伊都地方，生石山周辺の宗教者・芸能者が関与した有田・海草地方，および和歌山市周辺，という3つのグループに大別できる。②，③のような呪術的と思われる雨乞いは昭和初期には衰退したが，火焚きなどは昭和中期まで盛んにおこなわれた。その後は用水の整備や稲作から果樹などへの栽培作物の転換などにより雨乞いがおこなわれることがほとんどなくなった。Rainmaking in northern Wakayama Prefecture includes (1) prayers at Shinto shrines, temples, and small shrines, (2) prayers with Shinto/Buddhist images or statues and sacred treasures, (3) prayers at rivers and waterfalls, (4) prayers in mountains associated with water, (5) fire waving and fire burning, and (6) entertainment (sumo). During the Edo period (1603–1867), Shugenja were sometimes involved, but since the Meiji period (1868–1912), it has been carried out by the villagers. In this area, there is a widespread practice of rainmaking, in which people receive fire from Koyasan and build a fire with this. Upon analyzing the characteristics of rainmaking in this region, we can divide them into three groups: the Ito region, influenced by Koyasan and Amanosha; the Arida and Kaiso regions around Oishiyama; and the region around Wakayama City. Until the mid-Showa period (1926–1989), rainmaking was still practiced with fire burning, but after that, rainmaking was no longer practiced because of the improvement of water supply and changes in cultivated crops.departmental bulletin pape
