Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan
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The Effect of Drinking a Cup of Arabica or Robusta Coffee with Sugar or Bread to Blood Sugar Response and Glycemic Index
No full textThe two most widely traded coffee varieties in the world are arabica and robusta. Consumption of these two varieties will increase the intake of bioactive compounds in the human body. However, the influence of consumption of both coffee varieties on blood sugar response and changes in the glycemic index of sugar added when consuming coffee has not been studied. The aim of this research to study the effect of coffee varieties on bioactive compound content, voluntary blood glucose response, and changes in the glycemic index value of sugar when consumed together with coffee. This study was designed with the treatment of arabica and robusta coffee varieties. Coffee roasting was carried out at the level of vienna roasting. Analysis of bioactive compounds was carried out on the content of phenol compounds. Analysis of blood sugar and glycemic index responses using volunteers. Coffee was brewed at a dose of 12 grams per 100 ml of water at 98ᵒC. Sugar added 50 grams. The results showed that arabica contained phenol compounds greater than robusta. It was also prove that consuming coffee can reduce blood glucose response compared to consuming glucose. Decreased blood glucose response of arabica is greater than robusta. Drinking coffee mixed with sugar or with eating bread can reduce the sugar or bread glycemic index value. Decrease in sugar or bread glycemic index value in arabica consumption was greater than robusta. Conclusion, coffee consumption can reduce the response of blood sugar and glycemic index of sugar added to drinks and bread glycemic index because of the content of its bioactive compounds
Efek Aerasi terhadap Perubahan Residu H2O2 Air Fermentasi Mocaf (Modified Cassava Flour)
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan kadar H2O2 yang berpotensi menjadi pencemar lingkungan beserta parameter kualitas air fermentasi mocaf (AFM) lainnya setelah diberikan perlakuan aerasi. Limbah mocaf yang diberikan perlakuan aerasi mengalami penurunan kadar H2O2 lebih besar dari non aerasi. Berdasarkan uji beda T-test antara perlakuan aerasi dengan non aerasi kadar H2O2 memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan (sig. p= 0,018, p0,05) demikian juga dengan pameter turbiditas (P= 0,117, P>0,05) dan OD 610 nm (P= 0,987, P> 0,05).
Karakterisasi Plantarisin IIA-1A5 sebagai Antimikroba dan Evaluasi Aktivitas Sediaan Kering Beku Terenkapsulasi
Full text linkBakteriosin adalah peptida dengan aktivitas antibakteri yang diproduksi oleh bakteri asam laktat dan digunakan sebagai pengawet alami. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 memproduksi bakteriosin yang diberi nama Plantarisin IIA-1A5 pada medium pertumbuhan yang dibuat dari whey yang diperkaya skim. Untuk aplikasi sebagai pengawet alami dan untuk memperbaiki masa simpan dan aktivitas anti mikrobanya, plantarisin perlu dienkapsulasi dan dikeringbekukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi dan mengevaluasi aktivitas antimikroba dari sediaan plantarisin IIA-1A5 yang terpurifikasi parsial dan terenkapsulasi kering beku. Ekstraksi dan purifikasi dari bakteriosin dimulai dengan presipitasi dengan ammonium sulfat, yang diikuti dengan dialysis, dan penukar kation kromatografi. Purifikasi parsial dari plantarisin kemudian dimikroenkapsulasi dengan maltodextrin kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses kering beku. Berdasarkan pada SDS-PAGE, fraksi protein ke-7 (F7) dari plantarisin yang dipurifikasi parsial memiliki pita tunggal dan berat molekul sekitar 9,65 kDa. Konfirmasi lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan MALDI-TOF MS, ternyata pita tunggal tersebut terdiri dari 5 peptida yang diidentifikasi berbobot molekul masing-masing sebagai berikut 5,5, 7,80, 7,96, 9,09, dan 9,27 kDa. Plantarisin kering beku memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Staphylococcus aureus tiga kali lipat dibandingkan dengan aktivitas antimikroba dari supernatan bebas sel, dan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan nisin, namun kurang bila dibandingkan dengan antibiotik ampisilin dan penisilin. Kesimpulannya, aktivitas antimikroba plantarisin kering beku dapat ditentukan dan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan nisin, ampisilin dan penisilin.Characterization of Plantarisin IIA-1A5 as Antimicrobial subtances and Evaluation of Acitivity of Freeze-dried Microencapsulated PreparationAbstractBacteriocins are peptides with antibacterial activity produced by lactic acid bacteria and used as natural preservatives. Previous studies showed that Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 produces bacteriocin named plantaricin IIA-1A5 in the medium consisting whey enriched with skim milk. For application as food preservatives and to improve its shelf-lie and activity, plantaricin was needed to be microencapsulated and freeze dried. The objective of this research was to characterize and evaluate the activity of partially purified freeze dried microencapsulated plantaricin IIA-1A5. Characterisation of partially purified plantaricin IIA-IA5 includes the identification of active fractions and molecular weight, evaluation of activity at different stage of purification and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of freeze dried microencapsulated plantaricin IIA-IA5. Extraction and prificafication of the bacteriocins started with precipitacion with ammonium sulfate, followed by dialysis, and cation exchange chromatography. The partial purified of plantaricin was then microencapsulated in maltodextrin followed by freeze drying. Based on SDS-PAGE, the protein fraction F7 of partially purified plantaricin had a single band and molecular weight about 9.65 kDa. Further analyses using MALDI-TOF, it revealed that five peptides were identified from one single band plantaricin with molecular weight 5.5, 7.80, 7.96, 9.09, and 9.27 kDa, respectively. The freeze dried plantaricin freeze showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus three times stringer as compared to the activity of cell free supernatant, and was higher than nicin, but less than antibiotic ampicilin and penicilin. As concusion, the activity of freeze dried plantaricin could be determined and had a higher value than nicin, ampicilin and penicilin
Modifikasi Sifat Fisik Yogurt Susu Kambing dengan Penambahan Microbial Transglutaminase dan Sumber Protein Eksternal
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari sifat fisik yogurt susu kambing yang dimodifikasi dengan enzim mTGase dan sumber protein eksternal. Sifat fisik yang diamati meliputi sineresis spontan (wheying-off), sineresis, water holding capacity (WHC) dan viskositas. Materi yang digunakan yaitu susu segar kambing etawah, kultur starter yogurt, enzim mTGase, susu skim bubuk, dan whey protein concentrate (WPC). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas kontrol yaitu susu kambing segar, penambahan mTGase sebanyak 0,03% (w/w), mTGase dan susu skim 1% (w/w), mTGase dan whey protein concentrate 1% (w/w). Susu dikondisikan selama 24 jam pada refrigerator (10˚C) sebelum difermentasi menjadi yogurt. Parameter yang diuji berupa wheying-off, sineresis, water holding capacity, dan viskositas yang diukur 1 jam setelah yogurt dikeluarkan dari refrigerator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enzim mTGase secara signifikan menyebabkan penurunan sineresis, peningkatan WHC, dan viskositas, namun tidak menyebabkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada wheying-off yogurt. Kombinasi mTGase dan sumber protein eksternal menurunkan sineresis secara signifikan, namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap wheying-off, WHC, dan viskositas yogurt. Kombinasi mTGase + WPC 1% menghasilkan kualitas fisik yogurt yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan kombinasi mTGase + skim 1% tehadap semua parameter yang diukur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sifat fisik yogurt susu sapi dapat dimodifikasi dengan enzim mTGase saja atau kombinasi dengan sumber protein eksternal. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah memberikan informasi penggunaan enzim mTGase yang dikombinasikan dengan WPC atau susu skim 1% ternyata dapat meningkatkan kualitas fisik yogurt. Modification of Physical Properties of Goat Milk Yogurt by Addition of Microbial Transglutaminase Enzyme and External Protein SourcesAbstractThe purpose of this research was to study the modification of the physical properties of goat milk yogurt with the addition of the enzyme transglutaminase (mTGase) and external protein. The benefit of this research was to provide information on methods to improve the quality of yogurt in terms of the physical properties of yogurt. The research used fresh goat milk, dry starter culture, mTGase enzyme, skimmed milk powder, and whey protein concentrate (WPC). A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications was used as research design. The treatments were fresh goat milk as control, fresh goat milk with 0.03% w/w mTGase, mTGase and 1% w/w skim milk, mTGase and 1% w/w whey protein concentrate. The milk was stored for 24 hours in a refrigerator (10˚C) prior to fermentation process. Wheying-off, syneresis, water holding capacity and viscosity were then measured at an hour after yogurt was removed from the refrigerator. The results showed that mTGase significantly reduced syneresis, increased WHC, and viscosity, but had no significant effect on wheying-off. The combination of mTGase + external protein sources significantly reduced syneresis, but the effect on wheying-off, WHC and yogurt were not significantly detected. The combination of mTGase + 1% WPC had similar characteristics as mTGase + 1% skim milk. In conclusion, the physical characteristics of yogurt from goat milk could be modified by mTGase enzyme or in combination with external protein sources. The use of mTGase enzyme in combination with WPC or skim milk improves the physical characteristics of yogurt.
Pengaruh Pemberian Cookies Galohgor terhadap Kadar Vitamin A ASI Ibu Nifas
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian cookies galohgor terhadap kadar β-karoten dan retinol ASI ibu nifas. Penelitian ini menggunakan quasi-experimental design yang terdiri atas dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol (n=9) dan kelompok intervensi (n=9). Kelompok intervensi diberikan cookies galohgor 4 keping ~ 40 g/ hari, sedangkan kelompok kontrol diberikan cookies dengan jumlah yang sama namun cookies tersebut tanpa penambahan galohgor. Pemberian cookies dilakukan selama 40 hari pascamelahirkan. Sampel ASI diambil pada hari ke-14 dan hari ke-40 untuk dianalisis kadar β-karoten dan retinol ASI. Analisis konsumsi pangan juga dilakukan bersamaan dengan pengambilan sampel ASI. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan pada kadar β-karoten dan retinol ASI antara kelompok kontrol dan intervensi, baik pada hari ke-14 maupun hari ke-40 pascamelahirkan (p>0,05), akan tetapi pemberian cookies galohgor relatif dapat mempertahankan kadar β-karoten ASI selama masa nifas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menyimpulkan cookies galohgor dapat menjadi sumber β-karoten ASI.Effect of Galohgor Cookies on Vitamin A Content in Breast Milk of Postpartum MothersAbstractThis study was aimed to analyze the effect of galohgor cookies on β-carotene and retinol in breast milk of postpartum mothers. This study used quasi-experimental design consisting of two groups, the control group (n = 9) and the intervention group (n = 9). The intervention group was given galohgor cookies (4 pieces ~ 40 g / day), while the control group was given cookies without galohgor as many as the intervention group. Cookies were given for 40 days after giving birth. Breast milk samples were taken on the 14th day and 40th day to analyze β-carotene and retinol content in breast milk along with the interview of food consumption. The results showed β-carotene and retinol content in breast milk did not differ significantly between the groups, both on the 14th day and the 40th day after giving birth (p>0.05). However, galohgor might maintain the β-carotene concentration in breast milk. Therefore, as conclusion, galohgor cookies may be provided as the source of β-carotene in breast milk
Ekstrak Angkak dan Bekatul untuk Mencegah Peroksidasi Lipid Tikus Spague-Dawley Hiperglikemik
Full text linkAngkak dan bekatul merupakan pangan fungsional yang berpotensi sebagai agen terapi untuk mengendalikan gula darah, dikarenakan kandungan antioksidan alaminya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh campuran ekstrak angkak dan bekatul dalam menghambat peroksidasi lipid serta efeknya terhadap organ pankreas, hati dan ginjal tikus hiperglikemik secara histopatologi. Tikus dibagi ke dalam 7 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, formulasi ekstrak angkak bekatul kelompok I, II, III dan IV (20:1400, 40:700, 30:1050, dan 60:2100 mg/kg BB). Parameter pengujian yang dilakukan adalah konsentrasi malondialdehid (MDA) dan aktivitas enzim aminotransferase (ALT/AST) serum darah tikus dan histopatologi organ pankreas, hati dan ginjal. Campuran terbaik dalam menghambat pembentukan MDA dan peningkatan enzim ALT/AST adalah kelompok III dengan konsentrasi MDA (3,.31±0,.53 nmol/ml) dan aktivitas enzim ALT (35,.80±5,.63 U/l) tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol normal (4,.85±2,.32 nmol/ml) dan (27,.85±8,.13), sementara aktivitas enzim AST (67,.221±16,.05) mengalami penurunan namun berbeda nyata dengan kontrol normal (4,.365±0,.00). Kondisi histopatologi organ pankreas, hati, dan ginjal tikus semua kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan kemampuan dalam memperbaiki kerusakan organ. Kesimpulannya, campuran angkak dan bekatul 30:1050 mg/kg BB memiliki kemampuan terbaik dalam meghambat peroksidan lipid.Angkak and Rice Bran Extract to Prevent Lipid Peroxidation in Spague-Dawley Rats HyperglycemicAbstractAngkak and rice bran is a functional food that has potential as a therapeutic agent to control blood sugar. This potential is due to the content of natural antioxidants in red yeast rice and rice bran. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of angkak and rice bran extract as lipid peroxidation inhibition. The effect on the pancreatic, liver and kidney organs in hyperglycemic rats by histopatological study was also analyzed. Rats were divided into 7 groups namely normal control group, negative control, positive control, rice bran extract formulation on gorup I, II, III, IV (20: 1400, 40: 700, 30: 1050, and 60: 2100 mg/kg BW). The analysis parameters carried out were the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of the serum alanine/aspartat aminotransferase (ALT/AST) enzymes and rat histopathology of pancreatic, liver and kidney organs. The best mixture of angkak and rice bran to inhibit the formation of MDA and increase the ALT/AST enzyme was group III with MDA concentration (3,.31±0.,53 nmol/ml) and ALT enzyme activity (35.,80±5,.63 U/l) was not significantly different from normal control (4,.85±2,.32 nmol/ml) and (27.,85±8,.13), while the enzyme activity of AST (67,221±16,.05) decreased but was significantly different from normal controls (4,365±0,.00). Histopathological conditions of pancreatic, liver, and kidney organs of rats in all treatment groups showed the ability to repair damaged organs. In conclusion, the mixture of red yeast rice and rice bran 30:1050 mg/kg BW had the best ability to inhibit lipid antioxidants
Optimasi Pati-Alginat sebagai Bahan Pengkapsul Bakteri Probiotik terhadap Karakteristik Beads
Full text linkEnkapsulasi merupakan proses pembungkusan (coating) suatu bahan inti dengan menggunakan bahan pengkapsul tertentu. Pemanfaatan maltodekstrin, pati sagu, dan maizena sebagai bahan pengkapsul probiotik belum banyak dikembangkan sehingga dapat dijadikan kandidat bahan pengkapsul baru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan perbandingan konsentrasi pati-alginat terbaik yang dapat digunakan untuk enkapsulasi probiotik. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan faktorial menggunakan 2 faktor, yaitu jenis bahan pengkapsul dan perbandingan konsentrasi bahan pengkapsul. Faktor jenis bahan pengkasul terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu maltodekstrin-alginat, pati sagu-alginat, dan maizena-alginat, sedangkan faktor konsentrasi bahan pengkapsul terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu 1:1; 1:2; dan 1:3 (b/b). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan pati-alginat secara bervariasi menghasilkan karakteristik beads dari segi rendemen, diameter beads, dan bentuk beads yang spesifik. Kesimpulannya, bahan pengkapsul probiotik yang terbaik yaitu perbandingan pati:alginat sebesar 1:3.Optimation Starch-alginate for Probiotic Bacteria Encapsulant Based on Beads Characteristic Abstract Encapsulation was known as process of coating a core material using specific materials. The use of maltodextrin, sago starch, and corn starch as a probiotic material for encapsulation has not been widely developed as new material. The aim of the study was to determine the best ratio of starch-alginate concentrations. The experimental design used was factorial design using 2 factors, namely the type of material and the ratio of the concentration. The type of material for encapsulation consisted of: maltodextrin-alginate, sago-alginate starch, and corn starch-alginate, while the concentration was 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 (w/w). The results showed that the varioys types of materials and concentration provided specific beads characteristic, i.e. yield, beads diameter, and beads shape. As conclusion, the optimum ratio of starch-alginate as probiotic encapsulating could be determined at a ratio of 1:3.
Diversifikasi Produksi Susu Kedelai Berbasis Mikroalga Autotrofik Guna Meningkatkan Indeks Nutraseutikal
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan potensi mikroalga sebagai mikroorganisme penghasil sumber protein dalam diversifikasi produk susu kedelai. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan uji mutu hedonik dengan lima perlakuan variasi susu kedelai (b/b) yang disubstitusi mikroalga untuk meningkatkan indeks nutraseutikal yaitu masing-masing 0,2% (produk A), 0,4% (produk B), 0,6% (produk C), 0,8% (produk D) dan 1,0 % (produk E). Diversifikasi produk terpilih diujikan kadar protein, lemak, cemaran logam dan cemaran mikroba. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa rerata kesukaan panelis terhadap warna, rasa, aroma, dan kekentalan produk tidak berbeda nyata (p>0,05), diversifikasi produk yang dipilih terbanyak adalah (produk B) dengan respon kesukaan sebesar 74%. Hasil analisis produk (dalam 100 ml) mengandung kadar protein 3,61%, lemak 2,54%, pH 6,69, cemaran logam timbal ≤ 0,01 mg/l, tembaga 0,98 mg/l, seng 4,07 mg/l, timah ≤ 0,01 mg/l, merkuri ≤ 0,01 mg/l dan cemaran mikroba negatif salmonella, total kapang 1,3 CFU/ml, Esherichia coli 2 APM/ml dan kenaikan kadar protein sebelum dan setelah subtritusi mirolaga sebesear 0,33%. Kesimpulannya, diversifikasi produksi susu kedelai berbasis mikroalga dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan indeks nutraseutikal.Diversification of Soymilk Production Based on Autotrophic Microalgae to Improve Nutraceutical IndexAbstract Research is aimed to improve potential use of microalgae as protein microorganism producer in the manufacture of soy milk products. Hedonic quality test was used in the study with five variations on the treatment of soymilk (b/b) that was substituted with microalgae i.e. 0.2% (product A), 0.4% (product B), 0.6% (product C), 0.8% (product D), and 1.0% (product E). The modified products was tested for protein, fat, metal contamination, and microbial contamination. As results, the preference index of color, taste, aroma, and thickness of the product by panelists were not exhibited significant result (p>0.05), the most chosen product were (product B) with preference index of 74%.The analysis (per 100 ml) of protein, fat, and pH was 3.61%, 2.54%, and 6.69, respectively while metal, copper, zinc, lead, and mercury contamination was detected as 0.01, 0.98, 4.07, ≤ 0.01, ≤ 0.01 mg/l, respectively. Negative microbial contamination of salmonella was detected while the total mold was exhibited as 1.3 CFU/ml and Escherichia coli as 2 APM/ml. The increase of protein level before and after substitution with microalgae was detected as 0.33%. As conclusion, diversification of soymilk production based on microalgae might able to improve nutraceutical index of products
Eksplorasi Formula dan Uji Kesukaan Mie Lidi Talas dengan Menggunakan Substitusi Tepung Talas
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi formula untuk menghasilkan mie lidi talas yang terbaik dan menguji tingkat kesukaan produk. Mie lidi talas dibuat dengan menggunakan tepung talas dan tepung terigu sebagai bahan utamanya. Metode yang digunakan adalah menggunakan model 4D (define, design, development, disseminate). Uji validasi dilakukan oleh ahli pangan yang dilanjutkan dengan uji kesukaan oleh panelis semi terlatih dan tidak terlatih yang dilakukan pada saat pameran produk di hadapan masyarakat. Berdasarkan eksplorasi untuk menentukan formula yang tepat dalam pembuatan mie maka substitusi tepung talas yang terbaik adalah sebanyak 30%. Uji kesukaan terhadap produk mie lidi talas menunjukkan skor 3,0 yang artinya bahwa panelis menyatakan suka pada mie lidi talas dan sebanyak 88,58% dari panelist menyatakan kesukaan pada produk ini. Kesimpulannya bahwa pembuatan mie lidi talas yang terbaik telah dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan substitusi tepung talas sebagai salah satu bahan baku dan uji kesukaan produk telah berhasil dilakukan.Eksploration of Formula and Preference Test for Taro Stick Noodles using Taro Flour for Ingredient SubstitutionAbstractThis study is aimed at exploration for the best recipe of taro stick noodle and testing the consumer preference. Taro stick noodle was made with taro flour and wheat flour as basic ingredient. The model 4D (define, design, development, disseminate) was used to decide the best recipe using validation tests by experts and organoleptic tests by panelists and public. Based on the results, best recipe for the taro stick noodle product was noodle with 30% taro flour substitution. The score for preference test for taro noodle products was achieved 3,0 that was indicated that panelist preferred the noodle. The preference test by public consumers indicated 88.58% of panelists preferred taro stick noodles. As conclusion, the exploration to find the best taro stick noodle was achieved resulting the most of consumer preferred the noodle
Pengaruh Pembatasan Asupan Makan Wanita Obesitas Pre-Menopause Terhadap Kadar Trigliserida Dan Status Resistensi Insulin
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembatasan makanan terhadap kadar trigliserida dan status resistensi insulin pada wanita obesitas pre-menopause dengan menggambarkan karakteristik responden berdasarkan usia dan aktivitas fisik. Rancangan penelitian pre-post randomized control group design pada 20 orang wanita obesitas pre-menopause yang diberikan perlakuan pembatasan asupan makan isokalori 30 kkal/kgBB/hari. Uji Indeks Massa Tubuh atau IMT, asupan makan, kadar trigliserida dan status resistensi insulin sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji paired samples test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan terhadap IMT; asupan energi; asupan protein; asupan lemak; kadar trigliserida, dan status resistensi insulin namun tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan terhadap asupan karbohidrat sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Kesimpulannya, pembatasan asupan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar trigliserida dan status resistensi insulin.Restriction effect on Eating Intake of Pre-Menopausal Obese Women against Triglyceride Levels dan Insulin Resistance StatusAbstractThis study aims to determine the influence of food restriction on triglyceride levels and insulin resistance status in pre-menopause obese women by describing the characteristics of respondents based on age and physical activity. Pre-post randomized control group design was used as experimental study using 20 pre-menopause obese women. The participants received the restriction of their intake as 30 kcal/kgW/day. The Body Mass Index or BMI, food intake, triglyceride levels and insulin resistance were tested before dan after the treatment using test paired samples test. The results showed that there was significant differences on BMI; energy intake; protein intake; fat intake; triglyceride levels, dan insulin-resistance status but there was no significant difference on carbohydrate intake at before and after treatment. The study concluded that intake restriction resulted in the decrement of triglyceride levels and insulin resistance status