Offenburg University of Applied Sciences
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MyPyPSA-Ger: Introducing CO2 taxes on a multi-regional myopic roadmap of the German electricity system towards achieving the 1.5 ◦C target by 2050
Get PDFThis paper will introduce the open-source model MyPyPSA-Ger, a myopic optimization model developed to represent the German energy system with a detailed mapping of the electricity sector, on a highly disaggregated level, spatially and temporally, with regional differences and investment limitations. Furthermore, this paper will give new outlooks on the German federal government 2050 emissions goals of the electricity sector to become greenhouse gas neutral by proposing new CO2 allowance strategies. Moreover, the regional differences in Germany will be discussed, their role and impact on the energy transition, and which regions and states will drive the renewable energy utilization forward.
Following a scenario-based analysis, the results point out the major keystones of the energy transition path from 2020 to 2050. Solar, onshore wind, and gas-fired power plants will play a fundamental role in the future electricity systems. Biomass, run of river, and offshore wind technologies will be utilized in the system as base-load generation technologies. Solar and onshore wind will be installed almost everywhere in Germany. However, due to the nature of Germany’s weather and geographical features, the southern and northern regions will play a more important role in the energy transition.
Higher CO2 allowance costs will help achieve the 1.5-degree-target of the electricity system and will allow for a rapid transition. Moreover, the more expensive, and the earlier the CO2 tax is applied to the system, the less it will cost for the energy transition, and the more emissions will be saved throughout the transition period. An earlier phase-out of coal power plants is not necessary with high CO2 taxes, due to the change in power plant’s unit commitment, as they prioritize gas before coal power plants. Having moderate to low CO2 allowance cost or no clear transition policy will be more expensive and the CO2 budget will be exceeded. Nonetheless, even with no policy, renewables still dominate the energy mix of the future.
However, maintaining the maximum historical installation rates of both national and regional levels, with the current emissions reduction strategy, will not be enough to reach the level of climate-neutral electricity system. Therefore, national and regional installation requirements to achieve the federal government emission reduction goals are determined. Energy strategies and decision makers will have to resolve great challenges in order to stay in line with the 1.5-degree-target
Auswirkung eines Importstopps russischer Energieträger auf die Klimaschutzziele in Deutschland
Get PDFEin Importstopp russischer Energieträger nach Deutschland wird derzeit vermehrt diskutiert. Wir wollen die Diskussion unterstützen, indem wir einen Weg zeigen, wie das Elektrizitätssystem in Deutschland kurzfristig mit geringen Energieimporten auskommt und welche Maßnahmen notwendig sind, um die Klimaschutzziele trotzdem einzuhalten. Die Ergebnisse eines solchen Energiewendeszenarios mit reduzierter Importabhängigkeit werden mit dem Energiesystemmodell MyPyPSA-Ger berechnet. Die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse sind, dass ein zügiger Ausbau Erneuerbarer Energien und von Speichertechnologien • die Abhängigkeit des deutschen Elektrizitätssystems von Energieimporten deutlich reduziert. • auch langfristig keine wesentlichen Importe der Energieträger Erdgas, Steinkohle und Mineralöl nach sich zieht. • über die Klimaziele der Bundesregierung hinaus das 1,5-Grad-Ziel im Elektrizitätssystem erreicht wird
Leveraging Industry Energy Flexibility to Enable Higher Shares of Renewable Energy in the Power System – an Experimental Case Study
No full textOne of the major challenges impeding the energy transition is the intermittency of solar and wind electricity generation due to their dependency on weather changes. The demand-side energy flexibility contributes considerably to mitigate the energy supply/demand imbalances resulting from external influences such as the weather. As one of the largest electricity consumers, the industrial enterprises present a high demand-side flexibility potential from their production processes and on-site energy assets. In this direction, methods are needed with a focus on enabling the energy flexibility and ensure an active participation of such enterprises in the electricity markets especially with variable prices of electricity. This paper presents a generic model library for an industrial enterprise implemented with optimal control for energy flexibility purposes. The components in the model library represent the typical technical units of an industrial enterprise on material, media, and energy flow levels with their operative constraints. A case study of a plastic manufacturing plant using the generic model library is also presented, in which the results of two simulation with different electricity prices are compared and the behavior of the model can be assessed. The results show that the model provides an optimal scheduling of the manufacturing system according to the variations in the electricity prices, and ensures an optimal control for utilities and energy systems needed for the production
Widerrufsrecht bei Freizeitveranstaltungen und deren Vermittlung
No full textUrteilsanmerkung zu EuGH Urteil vom 31.3.2022 – C-96/21, BeckRS 2022, BECKRS Jahr 5887 – DM ./. CTS Eventi
Digitale Bildung in Unternehmen - Kriteriengestützte Bewertung digitaler Lerntools
No full textThe Corona crisis affected and changed many areas of life. Due to contact restrictions during the pandemic, work and learning processes could no longer proceed as usual. Suddenly, solutions were needed that could overcome the physical distance in teaching and learning. At this point, tools for collaborative digital learning gained value.
Since the market of collaboration tools is constantly changing, this bachelor thesis analyzes and evaluates six well-known ones: Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Discord, Gather, Wonder and TriCAT.
The evaluation is based on criteria. To determine the criteria, semi-structured expert interviews were conducted and evaluated according to Mayring's method. On this basis, the criteria were weighted so that a utility analysis could be performed. The results of this analysis were used to evaluate the benefits of the individual collaboration tools for companies.
The most important criterion for the use of collaboration tools in companies is data protection and security. It turned out that this can be a knockout criterion. This is followed by stability. Usability is in third place. Close behind comes interaction. In last place, with significantly less weighting, the success measurement of the tools was evaluated.
The results of the utility analysis show that MS Teams and Zoom achieve the highest score of all tools. However, MS Teams beats Zoom primarily due to a data structure that can be created together.
During the interviews, it became apparent that a tool should be used depending on the learning purpose. If the focus is on social interaction, Gather, Wonder or TriCAT should be used. TriCAT is particularly suitable for individual learning scenarios. Discord, on the other hand, is suitable for a simple exchange of topics without focusing on interaction. However, this tool cannot be recommended for companies due to a lack of data protection.
The responses in the interviews also show that digital learning is becoming increasingly important in companies. It is therefore important to constantly promote it as a company so that the attractiveness of digital learning for employees increases. They can benefit from advantages such as location-independent learning.
The market for collaboration tools should be constantly analyzed in order to be able to use the best tools for the company's individual learning purposes.Die Corona-Krise hat viele Bereiche getroffen und verändert. Unter anderem auch die Digitalisierung in verschiedenen Branchen. Nicht nur die Wirtschaft, sondern auch Strukturen und Prozesse innerhalb von Unternehmen wurden beeinflusst. Darunter auch die Lernstrukturen. Zwar gab es zu dieser Zeit bereits erste Ansätze vom digitalen Lernen, jedoch hauptsächlich in der Form Lerninhalte digital zur Verfügung zu stellen, ergänzend zur Präsenzlehre.
Durch die Kontaktbeschränkungen während der Pandemie konnten Arbeitsprozesse nicht mehr wie gewohnt ablaufen. Plötzlich waren Lösungen gefragt, welche die räumliche Distanz beim Lehren und Lernen überwinden können.
Lernprozesse wurden also durch eine digitale Hürde erschwert. Auch das gemeinsame Lernen über Präsenzseminare und Schulungen vor Ort wurden unterbunden. Die Leute sahen sich gezwungen sich digital zu vernetzen.
An dieser Stelle rückten sogenannte Kollaborationstools für Arbeits- und Lernprozesse stärker in den Fokus. Kollaborationstools sind Softwarelösungen, die digitale Zusammenarbeit an Projekten, Dokumenten und die gemeinsame Kommunikation, sowohl in der Arbeitswelt, als auch im Bereich Bildung fördern. Prozesse wurden nach und nach auf die Notwendigkeit der digitalen Gegebenheiten angepasst. Lerneinheiten zwischen Lernenden und Lehrenden fanden vermehrt über Videoanrufe statt, Inhalte wurden digital ausgetauscht und Ergebnisse wurden über digitale Wege geteilt, kontrolliert und korrigiert
Die Auswirkungen von CSR-Skandalen auf die Kaufbereitschaft bei Studierenden
Get PDFDurch ein wachsendes Bewusstsein für soziale und nachhaltige Konflikte spielt verantwortungsvolles unternehmerisches Handeln eine zunehmend große Rolle für potenzielle Kund*innen. Viele Unternehmen entscheiden sich daher für Corporate-Social-Responsibility-Marketing: Sie greifen wichtige gesellschaftliche Themen in ihren Kampagnen auf. Nicht immer steckt dahinter ein edles Motiv. Wirtschaftliches Interesse steht häufig über ethischem Antrieb. Doch in einigen Fällen durchschauen Kund*innen diese Irreführung.
Ziel dieser wissenschaftlichen Arbeit ist die Analyse der Auswirkungen von unglaubwürdigem Corporate-Social-Responsibility-Marketing auf die Kaufbereitschaft von Studierenden. Die Untersuchung wird anhand des Unternehmens Nike durchgeführt. Hierfür wird den Proband*innen zunächst ein Corporate-Social-Responsibility-Werbespot von Nike gezeigt. Anschließend wird ihnen ein Skandal präsentiert, der eben diesen Werbespot als reine Marketing-Masche enttarnt. Zwischenzeitlich wird die Kaufbereitschaft der Studierenden mit einem Fragebogen gemessen. Zusätzlich werden die Teilnehmer*innen zu ihren Gedanken und Gefühlen befragt, die Kampagne und Skandal hinterlassen.
Aus dem Experiment ging hervor, dass die Teilnehmer*innen nach der Präsentation des Skandals eine signifikant niedrigere Kaufbereitschaft zeigten. Außerdem wurde ein leicht erhöhtes Interesse an Nikes Tätigkeiten als Sponsor ermittelt. Mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten äußerten zudem ihre Enttäuschung und einen veränderten Blick auf das Unternehmen Nike
Development of an API to request security advisories for CSAF 2.0
Get PDFThis work addresses the conceptualization, design, and implementation of an Application Programming Interface (API) for the Common Security Advisory Framework (CSAF) 2.0, introducing another method for distributing CSAF documents in addition to two already existing methods. These don't allow the use of flexible queries as well as filtering, which makes it difficult for operators of software and hardware to use CSAF. An API is intended to simplify this process and thus advance the automation goal of CSAF.
First, it is evaluated whether the current standard allows the implementation of an API. Any conflicts are highlighted and suggestions for standard adaptations are made. Based on these results, the API is designed to meet the previously defined requirements. Subsequently, a proof of concept is successfully developed according to the design and extensively tested with specially prepared test data. Finally, the results and the necessary standard adjustments are summarized and justified.
The conceptual design and the implementation were successfully completed. However, during the implementation of the proof of concept, some routes could not be fully implemented
Application of TQM practices in german service sector companies & cultural effects
No full textIn each company Top Managers have the responsibility to take major decisions that supports the success of their company, Adopting TQM is one of these decisions, the decision to carry out companies’ operations and procedures within TQM frameworks. (ASQ , n.d.). Applying TQM, involves implementing practices that needs putting extra efforts, otherwise there will be no use of the practices and the execution. (Nicca Jirah F Campos1, 2022).
Specifically in service sector, where the key to success and increased profit, comes directly through a satisfied customer. Therefor there is a need for both management and staff to have big tolerance and willingness to achieve the needed satisfaction, in order to attain the results that every company wants. (Charantimath, 2013)
In Germany in terms of customer care practices there is a famous stereotype ‘Customer is not the king’ A reputation That after DW investigated it, DW expressed it as a phenomenon where both expats and Germans tend to believe that service companies in Germany should do a better job of treating their consumers. (DW, 2016)
New concepts of business have emerged in the late century, for example strategy, leadership, marketing, entrepreneurship and others, these concepts spread internationally among most of the companies around the world. Many studies have been done reviewing these new business structures, some of them addressed the cultural differences within countries upon the applying them. But not many studies concentrated on taking into consideration how cultural differences affects the Implementation of TQM. (Lagrosen, 2002). It was concluded in general that although the comprehensive fundamentals of quality management are applicable and similar worldwide in all nations, but when coming to real practice accurate tunning must be made, it must be taken into account aligning different standards, due to different work cultures and traditions in Europe. (Krueger, 1999