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Friendship quality and adjustment to athletic extracurricular activity in junior high school children
Get PDFThe effects of the quality of friendship on the adjustment to club activities were investigated. In Study 1, a scale for measuring the quality of friendship in athletic club activities of junior high school students was developed, based on the Sport Friendship Quality Scale (SFQS: Weiss & Smith in 1999). Then, a questionnaire survey was conducted with junior high school students (n=604) belonging to athletic clubs. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the survey data and the “Athletic extracurricular activities Friendship Quality Scale for Japanese junior high school student (AFQS-J)” was developed, which consisted of the following three factors and 14 items: “Self esteem enhancement and supportiveness,” “Intimacy,” and “Conflict.” In Study 2, the relationship between the quality of friendship and feeling of adjustment to club activities was investigated. Participants (n=652) responded to the scale. Results of multiple regression analysis indicated that the quality of friendship was related to the adjustment to club activities. Moreover, there were gender differences in this result: “Intimacy” had a negative effect on positive attitude to club activities in girls, whereas it had not a significant effect in boys. Methods of using the scale and future problems were discussed.departmental bulletin pape
マーチとサイモンの共著 『オーガニゼーションズ』についての一考察
Get PDF[本旨] マーチとサイモンの共著 『オーガニゼーションズ』 は，1958年に出版されたが，マネジメントの理論の記念碑として認められてきた。彼らのねらいは，フォーマルな組織内でのヒトの行動を検討する必要性を提唱することであった。彼らは，限定された合理性，満足化，誘導と貢献の均衡などの概念を用いて，多くの命題をあげた。彼らの検討は，参加の意思決定と組織内での生産の意思決定を区別して行われたが，検討のレベルには格差を認めざるを得なかった。なお，戦略論，人的資源論，産業組織や労務管理論などの重要な分野は，彼らの組織の研究から成長した。このため，1993年に再版された。[Abstract] In this treatise, we conducted research on the book "Organizations" written by March, J. and Simon, H. This book was first published in 1958 and recognized as memorial product on the management theory. He made an appeal for the necessary for anaysis on human actions in formal organization. To make many propositions, they used such concepts as bounded rationality, satisficing, inducement/contribution balances and many others. They deal with the decision making to participate and the organizational decision making to produce, but the treatment of the latter has been fragmentary and less systematic than the analysis in the first. Many important parts of department of strategy, human resources, industrial organizations and labor relations have grown from their organization research and theory, so that second edition of this book was published in 1993.departmental bulletin pape
Decreased death receptor pathway of apoptotic signaling in the septic mouse gut: effect of nutritional support
Get PDFBackground: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by infection. Sepsis remains a cause of death in patients in intensive care. In sepsis, death receptors such as tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1), Fas, and caspase-3 are related to sepsis-induced apoptosis. Conversely, the nutritional support including enteral nutrition (EN) is considered an effective therapy in the intensive care unit. In the digestive tract, the detailed mechanisms of these death receptors and caspase-3 remain unknown in septic status.
Methods: We examined the expression of TNF-R1, Fas, and activated caspase-3 and compared the effect of nutritional support with EN in the digestive tract of septic mice. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) in CD1/ICR mice. We investigated TNF-R1, Fas, and caspase-3 activation in the mouse digestive tract and compared different feed therapies including EN.
Result: In this study, we observed that the expression of TNF-R1, Fas, and cleaved caspase-3 was elevated in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of CLP-induced septic mice. In the ileum of CLP-induced septic mice with EN, the expression of death receptors (TNF-R1 and Fas) and cleaved caspase-3 was downregulated.
Conclusions: In the digestive tract, our results suggest that nutritional support including EN can be an effective therapy for sepsis-induced apoptosis.departmental bulletin pape
Student's Understanding of Improvement of Educational Environment for Teacher Shortage
Get PDF「教員不足」とは，学校に配置されている教員の数が，各自治体において学校に配置することとしている教員の数を満たしていない状態を指す．この教師不足は未だに改善されていない問題であり，様々な政策や取り組みが行われている．しかしながら，教員不足の議論を行う上で職場環境における若者の視点はあまり重視されていない．本研究では，教職を目指す大学生，あるいは教職を志望しない大学生を対象に，教員不足の主な原因の一つとして考えられる教員の労働環境に対してどのような認識をもっているのかについての調査を行った．その結果，教員が「ブラック」と捉えられる理由として，教職を目指すか否かにかかわらず，労働時間が長いことを問題視していることが明らかとなった．それに加えて，教職を目指す学生は研修の多さを，教職に就かない学生は生徒指導に対して問題視をしていることが示された．これらの問題に対して，教職を目指すか否かにかかわらず，学習指導の時間確保や給与面について改善が必要であると捉えていた．これらの結果から，教職を目指す学生は生徒指導も含めた全人的な教育を担う教員像を持っていることが推察された．また，教職に就かない学生は，学習指導を中心とする教員像を持ち，その他の活動に対する教育環境改善が望ましいと考えていることが示唆された．The term "teacher shortage" refers to the situation where the number of teachers assigned to a school falls short of the number of teachers that are supposed to be assigned to the school in each municipality. The shortage persists as an unresolved problem, prompting the implementation of various policies and initiatives. Nevertheless, the perspectives of young people in the work environment have not been emphasized much in the discussion of the teacher shortage. In this study, we conducted a survey to college students who are either aspired or not aspired to teach. The primary objective was to investigate their perceptions of the working environment of teachers, which is considered to be one of the main causes of the teacher shortage. The results revealed that regardless of whether or not they aspire to teach, they consider long working hours to be a problem. In addition, students who were seeking a teaching position indicated that the amount of training was a problem for them, while those who were not seeking a teaching position indicated that teaching the students was a problem for them. Regardless of whether they intended to teach or not, they identified these problems as in need of improvement in terms of securing time for academic instruction and in terms of salary. From these results, we inferred that students who intend to teach have an image of teachers who are responsible for holistic education, including student guidance. Students who do not intend to teach perceive the tasks of educators as focusing primarily on instructional guidance, suggesting that they would like to see improvements in the educational environment for other activities.原著departmental bulletin pape
Research on robots that control output based on human emotions
Get PDFA communication system was constructed for a communication robot that quantifies human emotions and performs feedback control. The system can be proposed for use in human-human communication, such as calming the robot when it is excited or encouraging it when it is sad. The sensor that estimates emotions from facial expressions can measure five facial expressions, Happiness, Surprise, Anger, and Sadness, based on Neutral. The sensor uses images, so it is non-contact and suitable for practical use. The estimated emotion value is output, so it can be used without any privacy issues. Using an entertainment robot that can eject soap bubbles, we tested the output of soap bubbles based on changes in the facial expressions of subjects.departmental bulletin pape
Inactivation Characteristics of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Combined Treatment with Deep UV LED Irradiation and Chlorination
Get PDFTo ensure the proper treatment of pathogenic microorganisms that could cause waterborne diseases, water disinfection is necessary. Disinfection techniques for water have been practiced since ancient times, and currently, chlorine treatment is widely used. Chlorine is cost-effective, easy to handle, and has residual and high reactivity, making it a representative method for water treatment disinfection. On the other hand, water disinfection by ultraviolet irradiation has been widely employed for water treatment since the 1990s. This is because it is possible to inactivate viruses and pathogenic microorganisms with relatively low energy through the direct action of ultraviolet light on their genes. In this study, we investigated the possibility of utilizing the advantages of chlorine and ultraviolet light and enhancing the disinfection effect of pathogenic microorganisms as E.coli phage MS2 through their combined treatment. Chlorination as a pretreatment, followed by UV irradiation, increased the inactivation rate of the MS2 phage compared to treatment with chlorination alone, confirming a synergistic effect. This effect was particularly pronounced when UV-LEDs were used as UV lamps; however, there was no clear difference in effect when low-pressure UV lamps were utilized. On the other hand, no significant synergistic effect was observed when chlorination was performed after UV irradiation as a pretreatment.departmental bulletin pape
