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El enfoque diferencial y participación democrática en la contratación estatal colombiana: The Differential Approach as a Tool for Democratic Participation in Colombian Government Contracts
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the development of the differential approach in the Colombian public contracting law, with the purpose of glimpsing the contributions of this practice to the principle of democratic participation. For this purpose, a qualitative approach was used with a hermeneutic approach with bibliographic and jurisprudential review. The results showed that the principle of democratic participation has a strong jurisprudential foundation, which with the passage of time and in the development of equality and pluralism has been able to decant the concept of differential approach, which allows a more specific application of the law according to the constitutional principles and purposes, so that it has been applied in state contracting. It is concluded that the differential approach, in its different modalities, is a guarantee for state contracting processes to be more inclusive with historically excluded populations, which is a materialization of the principle of democratic participation.El presente escrito tiene como objetivo analizar el desarrollo del enfoque diferencial en la ley de contratación pública colombiana, con el propósito de vislumbrar los aportes de esta práctica al principio de participación democrática. Se muestra que el principio de participación democrática tiene un fuerte fundamento jurisprudencial, el cual con el pasar del tiempo y en desarrollo de la igualdad y el pluralismo se ha logrado decantar el concepto de enfoque diferencial, que permite una aplicación más específica del derecho conforme los principios y fines constitucionales, por lo que el mismo se ha aplicado en la contratación estatal. Se concluye que el enfoque diferencial, en sus distintas modalidades, es garantía para que los procesos de contratación estatal sean más incluyentes con poblaciones históricamente excluidas, lo que es una materialización del principio de la participación democrática.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o desenvolvimento do enfoque diferencial na lei colombiana de compras públicas, a fim de vislumbrar as contribuições desta prática ao princípio da participação democrática. Mostra-se que o princípio da participação democrática possui forte fundamento jurisprudencial, que com o passar do tempo e no desenvolvimento da igualdade e do pluralismo conseguiu decantar o conceito de abordagem diferenciada, o que permite uma aplicação mais específica da lei de acordo com os princípios e finalidades constitucionais, razão pela qual tem sido aplicada nas contratações estatais. Conclui-se que a abordagem diferencial, em suas diferentes modalidades, é uma garantia para que os processos de contratação estatal sejam mais inclusivos com as populações historicamente excluídas, o que é uma materialização do princípio da participação democrática
Editorial
Full text linkAnalysis of current topics of engineeringAnálisis de temas actuales en ingenierí
Imagen Corporal Positiva en adolescentes colombianos
No full textEvaluate the Positive Body Image (PBI) and their relationship with Body Appreciation, Male Body Attitude, eating disorders, Attitude towards physical Appearance, Mass Index (IMC) in Teenagers in Colombian Caribbean Coast. A cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out, where the sample consisted of 300 young people between 13 and 19 years old. (M=16,44; SD= 1,82), 151 were women (50,3%) and 149 were men (49,7%). The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of the participants was 21,86 (SD= 3.65) which is in the normal range. All participants were students (high school and university) from Barranquilla. The higher Body Mass Index, is related with lower body appreciation, lower respect for the own body and lower resistance to the mass media. In addition to that, those teenagers who practice more physical activity reported higher Positive Body Image. Besides, a higher Positive Body Image, is related with lower eating disorders, and lower influence by social media. In all the dimensions analyzed, we can clearly appreciate the beneficial impact for the human being that this appreciation has, and the need to further investigate this variable of psychology in the Latin-American context to fill the gap that currently exist in research Evaluar la Imagen Corporal Positiva (ICP) y su relación con la apreciación corporal, las actitudes corporales masculinas, los desórdenes alimenticios, las actitudes hacia la apariencia y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en adolescentes de la Costa Caribe colombiana. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal, donde la muestra estuvo conformada por 300 jóvenes entre los 13 y los 19 años. (M=16,44; DE= 1,82), 151 eran mujeres (50.3%) y 149 eran hombres (49.7%). El Índice De Masa Corporal (IMC) medio de los participantes fue 21,86 (DE = 3.65) el cual se encuentra en el rango normal. Todos los participantes eran estudiantes (de colegio y universitarios) de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Los mayores Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) están relacionados con menor apreciación corporal, menor respeto por el propio cuerpo y menor resistencia a la presión de los medios. Además, aquellos adolescentes que realizaban una mayor actividad física reportaron una mejor imagen corporal. Además, una mayor Imagen Corporal Positiva se relaciona con la disminución de trastornos alimentarios y con la disminución de la influencia de las redes sociales. En todas las dimensiones analizadas podemos apreciar claramente el impacto beneficioso para el ser humano que tiene esta apreciación, y la necesidad de investigar más esta variable de la psicología en el contexto Latinoamericano para cubrir este vacío que actualmente existe en la investigación. 
La evolución de las tasas de suicidio en México (1998-2021): Un análisis del sexo y la depresión
No full textMexico has alarming suicide rates among adolescents and young people. Therefore, the objective of the research was to explain how depression influences the manifestation of suicidal thoughts and attempts in young people and, in addition, to know if suicides in the country vary significantly according to their sex. The CHAID classification method, simple indexes, and mean difference were used to test these assumptions. The results for Sonora show that there is a connection between depression and the manifestation of suicidal thoughts and attempts in adolescents (X2 Suicidal ideation >200, P-value < 0.01; X2 Suicidal attempt >77, P-value < 0.01). In addition, the number of youth suicides in the country from 1998 to 2021 on average is different between females and males (T-Student = 15.32, P-Value < 0.05; Mean number of suicides in males = 1150, Mean number of suicides in females = 357). We conclude a marked prevalence of depression in young people, is linked to the increase in suicides in Mexico, especially in women. This highlights the urgency of implementing gender-specific preventive strategies and promoting early awareness. México tiene alarmantes tasas de suicidios de adolescentes y jóvenes. Por ello, el objetivo de la investigación fue explicar cómo la depresión influye en la manifestación de pensamientos e intentos suicidas en jóvenes y, además, conocer si los suicidios en el país varían de manera significativa según el sexo de estos. Los métodos utilizados para probar dichos supuestos fueron el método de clasificación denominado CHAID, índices simples y diferencia de medias. Los resultados para Sonora demuestran que existe conexión entre depresión y la manifestación de pensamientos e intentos suicidas en adolescentes (X2 Ideación suicida >200, P-Valor < 0.01; X2 Intento suicida >77, P-Valor < 0.01). Además, el número de suicidios de jóvenes en el país, de 1998 a 2021, en promedio son diferentes entre la mujer y el hombre (T-Student = 15.32, P-Valor < 0.05; Media de suicidios en hombres = 1150, Media de suicidios en mujeres = 357). Se concluye una marcada prevalencia de depresión en jóvenes, vinculada al aumento de suicidios en México, especialmente en mujeres. Esto resalta la urgencia de implementar estrategias preventivas específicas por sexo y promover la concienciación temprana.
 
Contra el silencio/la violencia del archivo: re-escribir la esclavitud desde la ficción/imaginación y en femenino (Adelayda Fernández Ochoa, Fabienne Kanor y Évélyne Trouillot)
No full textThe article analyses three novels (two French-language, one Spanish-language) written by women authors, that deploy a gender perspective on the experience of women subjected to slavery between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The three, all written in the 21st century, reflect a new impulse to recover this/these history/histories within the Caribbean space (in which they are set, or at least linked to). The narratives relate to the archive in different ways, each one specifically resolving the silences and violences included in it in order to complement it through fiction and imagination and at the same time questioning its scope in order to account for these experiences. They thus propose a re-reading and re-writing of a part of the violent history of the Caribbean that is absent from the archive.El artículo analiza tres novelas (dos francófonas y una hispanófona) escritas por autoras mujeres, que despliegan una perspectiva de género sobre la experiencia de mujeres sometidas a la esclavitud entre los siglos XVIII y XIX. Las tres, todas escritas en lo que va del siglo XXI dan cuenta de un nuevo impulso de recuperar esta(s) historia(s) dentro del espacio del Caribe (en el que están ambientadas, o con el que al menos están vinculadas). Las narraciones se relacionan con el archivo en diferentes modalidades y resuelven cada una de manera específica los silencios y violencias comprendidas en este para complementarlo desde la ficción y la imaginación y, al mismo tiempo, cuestionar el alcance del archivo para dar cuenta de dichas experiencias. En su conjunto proponen, de este modo, una relectura y reescritura de una parte de la historia violenta del Caribe ausente del archivo
Emancipación política, racial y cultural: publicaciones periódicas en el Caribe de los años 30 y 40
No full textPeriodicals offer a useful space to study developments and ruptures of written production at a specific historical moment of the cultural field. In this article, we are interested in analyzing four editorial projects (two newspapers and two magazines) that circulated in the Anglophone and Spanish-speaking Caribbean during the 1930s and 1940s, to identify the discourses and positions Black intellectuals occupied in the literary space. The corpus includes El Combate (Caguas, 1925-1967), The Atlantic Voice (Puerto Limón, 1934-1946), The Beacon (Port of Spain, 1931-1933/1939), and Adelante (Havana, 1935-1939), publications quite different in and of themselves, but which, analyzed together help outline common topics dealt with during the period. Specifically, we focus on three main aspects: the debates over political emancipation, racial consciousness, and the growing sense of regional belonging. Our discussion seeks to locate each publication within the Caribbean cultural field and analyze how these shared aspects are presented in their pages.Las publicaciones periódicas constituyen un espacio privilegiado para estudiar tendencias y quiebres en la producción escrita de un determinado momento del campo cultural. En este artículo, nos interesa analizar cuatro proyectos editoriales (dos periódicos y dos revistas) que circularon en el Caribe anglófono e hispanohablante durante los años 30 y 40 para identificar los discursos y el lugar que los intelectuales negros ocuparon en el espacio letrado. Se trata de El Combate (Caguas, 1925-1967), The Atlantic Voice (Puerto Limón, 1934-1946), The Beacon (Port of Spain, 1931-1933/1939) y Adelante (La Habana, 1935-1939), publicaciones disimiles entre sí, pero cuyo análisis en conjunto ayuda a perfilar cierta sintonía de época. Específicamente, nos enfocamos en tres dimensiones que aparecen en estos proyectos: los debates en torno a la emancipación política, la conciencia racial y el creciente sentido de pertenencia regional. Nuestra discusión busca ubicar a cada publicación en el campo cultural caribeño y analizar cómo algunas de estas dimensiones compartidas se despliegan en sus páginas
Expectativas empresariales y diferencias de género: El caso de las PYMES en Panamá
No full textPanama, located at the crossroads of the Americas, has experienced robust economic growth and political stability in recent years, making it an attractive destination for foreign investment. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of any economy. They contribute significantly to job creation, income generation, and economic growth. In Panama, SMEs play a similar role. Using data from the World Bank, we implement a Tobit Regression Model to analyze the relationship between the business environment and business expectations among SMEs in Panama, and to test the hypothesis that women leaders are more likely to have lower business expectations. We find that women-led firms are more likely to have negative expectations, relative to their counterparts.Panamá, ubicada en el punto medio de las Américas, ha experimentado un sólido crecimiento económico y estabilidad política en los últimos años, lo que la convierte en un destino atractivo para la inversión extranjera. Las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMEs) son la columna vertebral de cualquier economía. Contribuyen significativamente a la creación de empleo, la generación de ingresos y el crecimiento económico. En Panamá, las PYMEs desempeñan un papel similar. Utilizando datos del Banco Mundial, implementamos un modelo de regresión de Tobit para analizar la relación entre el entorno y las expectativas empresariales entre las PYMEs en Panamá. También estimamos la validez de la hipótesis de que las mujeres líderes tienen más probabilidades de tener menores expectativas empresariales. Los resultados confirman que las empresas dirigidas por mujeres tienen más probabilidades de tener expectativas negativas, en comparación con sus contrapartes
Revisión histórica del Desarrollo Humano Sostenible a través de los informes de los Programas de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo
No full textThe main objective of this article is to provide a historical overview of the concept of Sustainable Human Development, primarily considering its evolution and application in the reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). To achieve this, the terms Human Development and Sustainable Development were addressed as the conceptual foundation, supported by their three fundamental pillars: social, economic, and environmental. The review of both concepts was conducted based on the content analysis method, using two methodological axes: the first axis involved information produced in specialized documents on human development and sustainable development. The second axis involved the analysis of Sustainable Human Development (SHD) through the review of the United Nations Development Programme reports, from 1990 to 2020, to determine the origin and evolution of this concept.
Initially, these reports evaluated human progress in terms of health, education, and standard of living, but over time they have evolved to include the environmental component through sustainability. From the reports, we can observe how the UNDP has addressed three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental. These dimensions are interdependent and mutually influential, emphasizing the need for an integrated and balanced approach to sustainable human development. By considering these dimensions, the reports encompass topics such as security, poverty, human rights, water, climate change, inequality, sustainability, vulnerability, work, and inclusion, among others. These themes reflect the concerns and priorities of the international community, as well as the demands and aspirations of individuals.
From the environmental dimension, sustainable human development implies that people can live in a healthy, safe, and diverse environment that provides them with the resources and ecosystem services that sustain their life and well-being. However, human development is neither neutral nor harmless; it has effects and consequences on the environment, which can be positive or negative. Therefore, the UNDP has addressed different environmental issues and aspects of human development, such as water, climate change, sustainability, and resilience. These highlighted aspects represent the risks and opportunities that the environment poses for human development, as well as the responsibilities and commitments it entails. The United Nations Development Programme has proposed measures and indicators that incorporate the environmental dimension into human development. One such measure is the Human Development Index Adjusted for Environmental Pressures, which reflects the impact of human activities on the environment. Additionally, the UNDP has suggested policies and strategies to promote a more environmentally respectful, efficient, and resilient human development. These include improving natural resource management, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, adapting to the effects of climate change, and transitioning toward a green and low-carbon economy.
The economic dimension in sustainable human development means that people can access resources, income, and economic opportunities that allow them to meet their basic needs and improve their quality of life. However, economic development is not an end in itself but a means for human development. Therefore, the UNDP has proposed measures and indicators that go beyond per capita income, such as the Human Development Index, the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index, and the Labor-adjusted Human Development Index. These measures and indicators aim to capture the added value of economic development to human development, as well as the losses and impacts it can generate.
According to the social dimension, sustainable human development entails that people can enjoy services, rights, and social opportunities that allow them to develop their capacities and potential, as well as actively participate in political, cultural, and community life. However, social development is neither homogeneous nor automatic; it depends on the conditions and social structures that favor or hinder it. Therefore, the UNDP has addressed different social issues and aspects of human development, such as security, poverty, human rights, the Millennium Development Goals, inequality, the rise of the South, vulnerability, and inclusion.
After the historical review of the origin and evolution of Sustainable Human Development (SHD), it can be asserted that international conferences, summits, and meetings among national leaders, as well as reports from various national and international bodies, have not achieved common objectives for all countries to attain SHD. The focus continues to be on the individual growth of each nation, without considering that environmental degradation, economic progress, and population well-being are interconnected. Natural disasters do not discriminate based on SHD indicators; their impact is equally devastating for nations with low SHD levels. However, it’s worth noting that countries with high SHD will have more social, economic, and environmental tools to address and be resilient in the face of the climate crisis. Reports, summits, and even sustainable development goals are tools that currently outline what nations should do to become more sustainable. However, they lack universally applicable methodologies and guide decision-makers on how to build more sustainable communities, reduce poverty, eliminate hunger, and ensure quality education for all, among other objectives. There must be information about the impact of decisions made by various sectors: society, businesses, governments, and academia. This information should foster shared responsibility and coordinated efforts across these sectors to achieve the long-awaited SHD. While several documents and reports already highlight the impacts of erroneous decisions, action is needed at all levels to mitigate environmental degradation resulting from the need for improved economic growth and well-being. The creation of SHD was driven by the need to shift paradigms regarding economic growth, social well-being, and environmental care. This change primarily involves a shift in principles and values within humanity a dynamic process that will take time unless proactive measures are taken.Top of Form
The historical study of sustainable human development in the UNDP shows the richness and relevance of this concept, whose purpose is to determine strategies and tools to improve people’s capabilities and living conditions in its three dimensions, both in the present and the future. Sustainable human development is a holistic and integrated approach that recognizes the interdependence between the economic, social, and environmental dimensions, acknowledging that policy plays a fundamental role; it also seeks the well-being of all people and the planet. Sustainable human development is, ultimately, a challenge and an opportunity to build a more just, prosperous, and peaceful world.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal mostrar un recorrido histórico en torno al concepto de desarrollo humano sostenible, primordialmente considerando cómo ha sido su evolución y su aplicación en los informes del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Para esto se abordaron los términos “desarrollo humano” y “desarrollo sostenible” como el fundamento conceptual apoyado en sus tres pilares fundamentales: social, económico y ambiental. La revisión de ambos conceptos se realizó con base en el método de análisis de contenido, mediante dos ejes metodológicos: en el primero se retomó información producida en documentos especializados sobre desarrollo humano y desarrollo sostenible; en el segundo se realizó el análisis del desarrollo humano sostenible (DHS) mediante la revisión de los informes del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD), a partir de 1990 hasta 2020, para determinar el origen y evolución de dicho concepto. Estos informes evaluaban en un principio el progreso humano en términos de salud, educación y nivel de vida, pero han evolucionado a lo largo del tiempo, incluyendo el componente ambiental a través de la sostenibilidad. El estudio histórico del desarrollo humano sostenible en el PNUD muestra la riqueza y la relevancia de este concepto, cuyo propósito es determinar las estrategias y las herramientas para mejorar las capacidades de las personas, así como sus condiciones de vida en sus tres dimensiones, tanto en el presente como en el futuro. El desarrollo humano sostenible es un enfoque holístico e integrado que reconoce la interdependencia entre las dimensiones económica, social y ambiental y que la política juega un papel fundamental; además, busca el bienestar de todas las personas y del planeta. El desarrollo humano sostenible es, en definitiva, un desafío y una oportunidad para construir un mundo más justo, más próspero y pacífico
Ansiedad, depresión y calidad de vida en pacientes adultos con pie diabético: Mental Health and Quality of Life in Patients with DFU
No full textObjective: Identify the association between depression, anxiety, and quality of life in patients with diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) from a healthcare institution in Southern Colombia. Methods: An observational, descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted in 100 patients diagnosed and hospitalized for DFU at a tertiary care clinic. Patients were assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Diabetic Foot Ulcer-Short Form DFS-SF. Results: Of the participants, 54% were men, with an age range of 60 to 74 years, predominantly of low socioeconomic status and medium educational level. All participants reported some degree of depression and anxiety, with mild levels being the most frequent, along with poor quality of life. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that depression had a small but significant positive effect on patients' quality of life (Depression: ?=0.933, p<0.001; R²=0.134, p<0.001). Conclusions: Affective and emotional symptoms are important factors in the quality of life of patients with DFU and should be considered in both the clinical and psycho-emotional management of these patients.Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre depresión, ansiedad y calidad de vida en pacientes con úlcera de pie diabético (UPD) de una institución de salud del Sur de Colombia. Método: estudio observacional descriptivo, cuantitativo, correlacional de corte transversal, se realizó en 100 pacientes diagnosticados y hospitalizados por UPD en una clínica de tercer nivel, se les realizo a los pacientes la valoración de ansiedad de Hamilton, el inventario de depresión de Beck y el Formulario Abreviado de UPD. Resultados: El 54% de los participantes eran hombres, se encontró un rango de edad de 60 a 74 años, con un estatus socioeconómico bajo y un nivel educativo medio. Todos los participantes indicaron algún grado de depresión y ansiedad, siendo el más frecuente leve, con una mala calidad de vida. A partir del modelo de regresión lineal múltiple, se observó que la depresión tiene un efecto positivamente pequeño pero significativo sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes (Depresión: ?=0.933, p<0,001; R2=0.134, p<0,001). Conclusiones: Los síntomas afectivos y emocionales son factores importantes en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con UPD, es importarte considerarlos en el manejo clínico y psicoafectivo que reciben los pacientes.