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Movilidad cotidiana por motivo de trabajo y calidad de vida laboral en docentes de comisarías del Municipio de Mérida (Yucatán, México)
No full textObjective: This study sought to examine the effects of commuting on teachers’ quality of work life. To contribute to the reflection on mobility as a socio-spatial practice. Commuting has a distinction in the routines of workers’ day life, and its importance bears on family, personal, and quality work life. This study aimed to understand if commuting, is related to teachers’ quality of work life. Commuting distance is the distance that teachers travel from their homes to their schools. Quality of work life has become an important concept, as more equitable sharing of profits, job security, and healthy and humane working conditions and on psychological adjustment and physical health. The present study was taken up to investigate primary school teachers of two Comisarías (Komchén and San José Tzal) that meet the condition of being located approximately eighteen kilometers from the center of Mérida, Yucatán.
Methodology: Qualitative methodology. The study corresponded to a total of 11 teachers’ Komchén Comisaría (10 women and 1 man) and 14 teachers’ San José Tzal Comisaría (8 women and 6 men); their interrelation in the perception of the teachers’ quality of work life. The data were collected using closed-ended questionnaires and commuting data. We conducted 25 individual interviews following an interview with Patlan’guide with broad open and close questions. All interviews were performed during school working hours in classrooms, sometimes with the students present. The interviews took place as conversations between teachers and researcher, or between teachers and researchers assistants, each lasting for 39 minutes. All the interviews were taped, recorded in field notes, and transcribed verbatim. The next research step: data on residence and workplace were used to estimate the distance commuting by modal transport from home to workplace using the Geographic Information Systems ArcMap 10.5 and projects of the private company Rutadirecta S.A. de C.V. and the Google Maps website. For the context of workplaces, we decided to build the accessibility index, and the Garrocho (2003) methodology was selected. The concept of accessibility has its origin in the discipline of transportation planning and is defined as the ease of reaching desired destinations (Hansen, 1959). A deeper look at this concept reveals that there is also the idea of ??accessibility as a spatial attribute of places or destinations (Gutiérrez, 2010). In the first case, accessibility is considered when the user wants to reach a destination efficiently (the priority is the users at the origin) and in the second case, we speak of the accessibility of the destinations (Garrocho, 2006). Data on distance commuting by car and by bus were taken. Then, using the National Statistical Directory of Economic Units (DENUE) data, the Comisarías were located, taking into account the number of workers in their economic units. The distance friction parameter “b” was calculated based on travel data obtained in the field. For the qualitative analysis, content analysis was used (Bardin, 2002), which consisted of breaking down the questionnaire responses to the based on the first order of the concepts of commuting and quality of working life. The guide for the categories of quality of working life followed the work of Patlán, 2017, and the Maxqda 2020 software served to organize the information into the dimensions that make up the quality of working life, which are articulated on the commuting experiences. It was then grouped into seventeen subcategories, that is, around these dimensions, everything that the interviewees expressed in each Comisaría was integrated; subsequently, the cores of meaning and their frequency of appearance were located to capture the teachers' perception about their quality of working life interrelated with their commuting experiences.
Results: In this study we found that teachers’Komchén have majority benefit due to their residential location. Teachers who work in the Comisaría located in the north of the city commuted short distances and durations: 6 to 20 km (81.8%), 6 to 20 minutes (63.7%), and 21 to 30 minutes (27.3%). The travel mode: car (81.8%), bus (9.1%). In this study, about the question ‘Do you think that your way of travelling improves your quality of life?’, we found that the majority of the teachers who travel to Komchén answered affirmatively (81.8%). On the other hand, teachers who work in the San José Tzal commuted long distances and durations: 21 to 30 km (42.9%), 21 to 30 minutes (35.7%), and 31 to 50 minutes (21.4%). The travel mode: car (78.6%), bus (7.1%). And of the teachers who travel to San José Tzal’ Comisaría, 71.4% consider that their commuting improves their quality of life. Accessibility gains are associated with car use, and since both comisarías are peripheral, similar values ??would be expected. The findings: high level of Accessibility index for workplaces’ teachers by car and by bus, and low level of Accessibility index for workplaces’ teachers by car and by bus. However, the differences found are explained by the privileged road infrastructure in the north to which Komchén belongs, its access is through the federal regional road system. For San Jose Tzal’comisaría it is through the rural road system, which has received little investment in real estate development because it crosses the ecological reserve. The teachers’ quality of work life perception points out that their work overload is a constant complaint that runs through all of the teachers' narratives, who stated that they spend from one hour or an hour and a half to three hours or more a day at home. In addition, three factors of the quality of work life are interrelated with commuting and residential mobility: job factors (economic remuneration and working conditions), individual factors (work-family balance and job satisfaction), and social-work environment (interpersonal relationships).
Conclusions: High level of accessibility index for workplaces’ teachers, public transport infrastructure, mobility resources, socioeconomic factors, job conditions, and strategies to reduce commuting distance by modifying residential/workplace location, overall increase teachers’ quality of working life.Objetivo: Comprender la relación ente las prácticas de movilidad y la calidad de vida laboral parte de hacer visible la relación entre la experiencia de la práctica de movilidad cotidiana por motivo de trabajo y la percepción de la calidad de vida de los profesores que se desempeñan en escuelas de educación básica en dos comisarías del municipio de Mérida, Yucatán.
Materiales y métodos: Metodología cualitativa; se analiza: la interrelación entre la práctica de movilidad cotidiana y los factores de calidad de vida laboral de los profesores a partir de considerar la movilidad como un sistema, propuesto por J. Lévy (2000). Con ayuda de cuestionarios, entrevistas y datos de movilidad. Se examinaron por medio del análisis de contenido y el programa Maxqda 2020.
Resultados: Destacan dos aspectos: 1) encontramos tres factores de la calidad de vida laboral, junto con sus categorías, se interrelacionan con la experiencia del viaje y movilidad residencial; factores del trabajo (retribución económica y condiciones laborales), factores individuales (equilibrio trabajo-familia y satisfacción laborales) y factores del entorno social-laboral (relaciones interpersonales). 2) los profesores de la comisaría de San José Tzal presentan mayores afectaciones: en su percepción de su movilidad como posibilidad de acceder a cualquier entorno urbano; en su competencia para efectuar su movilidad, estos vinculados a sus condiciones de trabajo que llegan a afectar su percepción de calidad de vida laboral.
Conclusiones: Si bien la calidad de vida y las condiciones y relaciones sociales develan cómo se percibe y desarrolla la experiencia del viaje al trabajo, también en la experiencia misma del viaje devela, bajo ciertas condiciones laborales, la existencia de una relación estratégica con el espacio laboral del que el profesor se apropia a través de dominar todo tipo de movilidad y acceso que en conjunto les permite mejorar su calidad de vida.
Editorial El rol de la academia ante los desafíos del bienestar Juvenil: Ciencia, política y transformación social
No full textThe editorial reflects on the current challenges arising from a global context of constant transformation. Academia faces the pressing task of adapting its methods and approaches to complex problems that particularly affect younger generations in regions such as the Colombian Caribbean, marked by inequality, conflict, and cultural diversity. From this perspective, the journal Psicología desde el Caribe reaffirms its commitment to a transformative science that addresses pressing issues such as youth mental health, misinformation, procrastination, and well-being.
The editorial underscores the importance of open access, ethics in publishing, and the role of scholarly journals as mediators between science and society. It highlights the need to expand epistemic boundaries and to defend local and regional knowledge from a critical standpoint. Likewise, it acknowledges the work of those who make the journal possible and calls for a continued collective effort to build a science that engages with the realities of the Caribbean and Latin America. La editorial reflexiona sobre los retos actuales que emanan de un contexto global de transformaciones constantes, la academia enfrenta el reto de adaptar sus métodos y enfoques a problemas complejos que afectan especialmente a las nuevas generaciones en regiones como el Caribe colombiano, atravesadas por desigualdad, conflicto y diversidad cultural. Desde esta perspectiva, la revista Psicología desde el Caribe reitera su compromiso con una ciencia transformadora que aborde problemáticas actuales como la salud mental juvenil, la desinformación, la procrastinación y el bienestar.
Se reconoce la importancia del acceso abierto, la ética en la publicación y el rol de las revistas de investigación como mediadoras entre ciencia y sociedad. Se destaca la necesidad de ampliar las fronteras epistémicas y de defender los saberes locales y regionales desde una perspectiva crítica. Asimismo, se valora el trabajo de quienes hacen posible la revista y se invita a continuar construyendo colectivamente una ciencia que dialogue con las realidades del Caribe y América Latina. 
Atrapamiento transligamentoso inusual del nervio pudendo a través del ligamento sacrotuberoso
No full textThe pudendal nerve (PN) provides motor and sensory innervation for most structures of the perineum; likewise, it is of great importance in physiological processes such as urination, defecation, erection, ejaculation, and childbirth. In a Colombian male cadaver, an unusual anatomical variation of the left PN was found, which presented a superficial branch that perforated and traversed the sacrotuberoso ligament. This superficial branch ended up supplying the perineal and dorsal nerves of the penis. Due to the clinical-surgical implications that can compromise the PN, it is essential to know its normal anatomy and possible variations as an invaluable aid to obtain accurate diagnoses and appropriate treatments in cases of atypical perineal innervations. El nervio pudendo (NP) proporciona la inervación motora y sensitiva de la mayoría de las estructuras del perineo; así mismo, tiene gran importancia en procesos fisiológicos como la micción, defecación, erección, eyaculación y el parto. En un cadáver masculino, colombiano, se encontró una inusual variación anatómica del NP izquierdo, el cual presentó un ramo superficial que perforó y atravesó el ligamento sacrotuberoso. Este ramo superficial terminó proveyendo a los nervios perineal y dorsal del pene. Debido a las implicaciones clínico-quirúrgicas que pueden comprometer al NP, es fundamental conocer su anatomía normal y posibles variaciones como ayuda invaluable para obtener diagnósticos precisos y tratamientos adecuados en casos de inervaciones perineales atípicas.
Malestares musculoesqueléticos en odontólogos: Scoping review
No full textObjective: The purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis and synthesis of the available literature to better understand the relationship between dental practice and musculoskeletal diseases.
Methodology: A review was carried out following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology of the last 10 years on musculoskeletal diseases in dentists. PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciELO platforms were used. In PubMed and SciELO, the terms ("Ergonomics"[Mesh]) OR "Myalgia" [Mesh]) OR "Musculoskeletal Diseases" [Mesh]) AND "Dentists" [Mesh]) AND "Dental" were used to carry out the systematic search. "Offices" [Mesh]) OR "Dental Clinics" [Mesh]). The terms “Musculoskeletal Diseases AND Ergonomics AND Dentist” were used in the manual PubMed search. In Google Scholar, the terms “alltittle: dentists, musculoskeletal pain” and “alltittle: dentists, ergonomics” were used.
Results: Of a total of 624 articles initially identified, 32 were selected given their relevance. The full texts were subsequently reviewed and after a more detailed analysis, only 11 were included. These articles provide significant information on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in various parts of the dentist's body, such as shoulders, neck, lower back, knees, and wrists. In addition, they highlight the importance of physical activity, proper ergonomics, and available treatments.
Conclusions: The findings suggest a lack of information about the consequences of musculoskeletal disorders in dental practice. The need to increase awareness of this issue and develop effective strategies to prevent and manage these disorders in the dental community, as well as improve practices with better ergonomics, is highlighted. Objetivo: Realizar un análisis y síntesis de la literatura disponible para comprender la relación entre la práctica odontológica y las enfermedades musculoesqueléticas.
Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión siguiendo la metodología de Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) de los últimos 10 años sobre enfermedades musculoesqueléticas en odontólogos. Se utilizaron las plataformas PubMed, Google Scholar y SciELO. En PubMed y SciELO, para realizar la búsqueda sistemática se utilizaron los términos ("Ergonomics" [Mesh]) OR "Myalgia" [Mesh]) OR "Musculoskeletal Diseases" [Mesh]) AND "Dentists" [Mesh]) AND "Dental Offices" [Mesh]) OR "Dental Clinics" [Mesh]). En la búsqueda manual de PubMed se utilizaron los términos Musculoskeletal Diseases AND Ergonomics AND Dentist. En Google Scholar se utilizaron los términos “alltittle: dentists, musculoskeletal pain” y “alltittle: dentists, ergonomics”.
Resultados: De un total de 624 artículos inicialmente identificados, se seleccionaron 32, dada su relevancia posteriormente se revisaron los textos completos, y tras un análisis más detallado, solo se incluyeron 11. Estos artículos proporcionan información significativa sobre la prevalencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en diversas partes del cuerpo de los odontólogos, tales como hombros, cuello, espalda baja, rodillas y muñecas. Además, destacan la importancia de la actividad física, la ergonomía adecuada y los tratamientos disponibles.
Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren una carencia de información sobre las consecuencias de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en la práctica odontológica. Se resalta la necesidad de aumentar la concienciación sobre este tema y de desarrollar estrategias efectivas para prevenir y manejar estos trastornos en la comunidad odontológica, así como mejorar las prácticas con mejor ergonomía.
Mujeres agrobrasileñas en los medios segmentados: Un tejido discursivo entre género y trabajo
No full textObjectives: This article aims to analyze the media social representation of women farmers in medium and large rural properties.
Materials and methods: Our research is primarily focused on analyzing the content of three editions of the TV program "Agroinspiradoras," which is broadcasted by Canal Rural. This analytical study employs a methodological framework that combines French Discourse Analysis with Social Representation theory, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the portrayal of women in agribusiness. Through meticulous examination, we explore the intersection between agro-feminism and the concept of inspiration, incorporating nuanced perspectives on entrepreneurship and neoliberal or elite feminism. Guided by the scholarly insights of Vander Casaqui, Dardot, and Laval, our analysis goes beyond surface-level interpretations to unravel the complexities of discursive formations, revealing them as manifestations of intricate social structures. Moreover, our theoretical exploration delves into Casaqui's sociological analysis and incorporates critical perspectives from Dardot and Laval, enhancing our understanding of power dynamics within the discourse. In essence, our research aims to contribute to a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by women in agribusiness, while also highlighting the complexities of gender representation in media discourse. Through this comprehensive analysis, we seek to foster a more informed dialogue surrounding gender equality and empowerment within the agricultural sector.
Results: The analyses revealed that, despite the declared intention to address issues related to women and targeted at a female audience, fundamental aspects such as feminism are consciously avoided, being indirectly addressed in discussions. This evasion can be interpreted as an adaptive strategy to the specific circumstances of the agricultural environment, where the complexities of reality limit the open exploration of sensitive topics such as feminism.
Subsequently, the analyses of the discourse of the programs led us to understand that it is necessary to go beyond this initial stage and rethink the discourses both of the media and of rural women themselves in a broader sense. It is essential to reconsider the biased perspective, influenced by capitalism, which opens up too much space for large producers, but it is also necessary for these women to rethink who they are representing, with whom this discourse, familiar with liberal feminism, dialogues. Is it with a large part, or is it only with a part? Is it really necessary to "leave" others behind? Or to assume management and leadership positions and invite another woman (instead of highly qualified men) to stand together. It is necessary to rethink the "business culture in which agribusiness is inserted and "question the situation of women and the agendas they wish to embrace", this dialogue must also be in the media, through their voices. We must analyze with caution the capitalist perspective of profit of the companies and institutions that promote discourses on agro-feminism, evaluating whether their practices are socially committed and can bring benefits to social welfare. The path ahead is arduous, long, complex, and multifaceted.
We analyzed more broadly and significantly the trajectories of agro-women and their peculiar approach to gender issues. However, it is interesting to note that agro-women tend to avoid the term "feminism" or "feminist" in their narratives. Instead, they resort to the word "help" to express the importance of solidarity among women and highlight the "difficulties" they face as a way of addressing prejudice and inequalities. Instead of directly appropriating feminist discourse, this option can be understood as a strategy to avoid conflicts and not directly confront other hegemonically male structures. They are already inserted in agricultural communities and wish to maintain their position and influence within this context. By avoiding polarization and seeking cooperation, they seek to preserve their presence and impact in the agricultural sector, ensuring that their voices are heard and their demands are considered.
By recognizing and giving voice to this "agro feminism," the research broadens the understanding of feminism as a struggle that goes beyond urban borders and contemplates the experiences and demands of women in rural environments. This contributes to a more inclusive and comprehensive view of feminism, recognizing the multiple forms of resistance and the pursuit of gender equality that exist within the different realities of agro-women. Thus, the concept of "agro feminism" has emerged as an expression of empowerment and mobilization of women in agribusiness.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the analysis of the program "Agroinspiradoras" highlights a significant tendency to avoid explicit discussions about feminism, despite its clear emphasis on women in the agribusiness sector. While this strategic approach demonstrates sensitivity to the nuances of agriculture, it also recognizes the potential for transformative impact inherent in feminist discourse.
Furthermore, it is essential to acknowledge that Casaqui's culture of inspiration actively promotes the recognition of inspiring female figures within agribusiness, underscoring the importance of representation in shaping societal narratives and aspirations. However, it is equally crucial to maintain a critical perspective, acknowledging the potential limitations and challenges associated with this approach.
Casaqui's theoretical framework emphasizes the significance of narrative construction in shaping social reality and influencing cultural perceptions. His concept of the "culture of inspiration" highlights the transformative power of storytelling in fostering positive role models and challenging traditional gender norms within the agribusiness domain. Additionally, Casaqui's approach underscores the role of media representation in amplifying the voices of women in agriculture, thereby contributing to the empowerment and visibility of marginalized groups. However, amidst this celebration of inspirational narratives, it is imperative to remain vigilant of potential pitfalls, such as the perpetuation of superficial stereotypes or the exclusion of dissenting voices, which could undermine the broader goals of gender equity and social justice in agribusiness.
We stress the necessity for ongoing, in-depth dialogue not only regarding women's representation in agriculture but also about the inherent limitations of the inspirational narrative. This constructive criticism aims to foster a more nuanced understanding of gender dynamics, promoting substantial changes towards a more inclusive representation.
Ultimately, our goal is to contribute to a more reflective dialogue about gender and female empowerment within the Brazilian agribusiness landscape.Objetivos: Este artículo busca analizar la representación social mediática de las mujeres agricultoras en propiedades rurales de mediano y gran tamaño en Brasil.
Materiales y métodos. Centramos nuestro enfoque en las tres ediciones del programa de televisión “Agroinspiradoras”, transmitido por Canal Rural. La investigación adopta una metodología analítica que fusiona el Análisis del Discurso de línea francesa con la teoría de la Representación Social. Exploramos la intersección entre el feminismo agro y el concepto de inspiración, abordando aspectos relacionados con el emprendimiento y el feminismo neoliberal o de élite. Bajo la orientación epistémica de Vander Casaqui, Dardot y Laval, las formaciones discursivas se entrelazan, delineando una trama compleja de significados.
Resultados: Hasta el momento, los análisis han puesto de manifiesto que, a pesar de la intención declarada de abordar cuestiones relacionadas con las mujeres y dirigidas al público femenino, aspectos fundamentales como el feminismo son evitados de manera consciente, tratados de forma indirecta en las discusiones. Esta evasión puede interpretarse como una estrategia adaptativa a las circunstancias específicas del entorno agrícola, donde las complejidades de la realidad limitan la exploración abierta de temas sensibles como el feminismo. Sin embargo, este resultado resalta la necesidad de examinar más a fondo cómo estas limitaciones impactan en la representación y participación de las mujeres en el sector agrícola en un país como Brasil.
Conclusiones: El estudio sobre el programa “Agroinspiradoras" muestra una reticencia a discutir el feminismo, a pesar de su enfoque en mujeres del agronegocio. Esta actitud se interpreta como una adaptación a las limitaciones del entorno agrícola, sin negar el potencial transformador del feminismo. Se requiere un diálogo continuo para comprender la posición de las mujeres en el sector y fomentar la igualdad de género y el empoderamiento femenino.
Transparencia periodística en América Latina: análisis de revistas científicas clasificadas en SJR
Full text linkObjectives: Identify the presence, conceptualization, and debates about transparency in journalism in articles published in the region's top-ranked scientific journals, according to the SCImago Journal Rank index.
Materials and Methods: To investigate the presence, conceptualization, and debates surrounding journalistic transparency, we conducted a qualitative content analysis (Bardin, 2011) of research published in Latin American journals. We utilized the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) for the year 2022, an index that measures the impact and influence of scientific publications worldwide, and also identified 18 journals listed in the “communication” category in the Latin American region. We accessed the websites of each journal and selected those that accepted research on journalism within their scope, and thus, our sample was reduced to seven journals: Brazilian Journalism Research, Comunicación y Sociedad, Contratexto, Cuadernos.info, Discursos fotográficos, Palabra Clave, and Revista de Comunicación. Research on journalistic transparency has gained ground, especially since the 2000s (Craft, 2019). Therefore, to have a broader scope and better understand how this topic has been addressed and if there have been changes in its conceptualization or associated themes, we did not restrict a time frame and opted to search through all available editions on the journals' websites, including those available in the first half of 2023. First, we established that the titles, abstracts, and/or keywords of the texts should contain the reference terms “transparency” and/or “journalistic transparency”. Data collection took place between June 1st and 4th, 2023. After inserting the terms into the search fields of each journal, 138 documents were identified across the seven scientific journals. From these documents, a new selection was made to select only those texts that related transparency to the context of a journalistic organization and the practice of its professionals. A careful reading of each work's abstract was necessary. Therefore, 124 articles were eliminated that focused on discussing governmental or private company transparency (non-journalistic), or that addressed journalism's adoption of mechanisms for public agency transparency effectiveness – such as the Access to Information Law (Nº. 12.527/2011) in Brazil. The final sample consists of 14 articles.
Results: The first paper related to journalistic transparency, among the examined Latin American scientific journals, dates back to 2004. Over 19 years, from the identification of the first publication establishing a connection between transparency and journalistic practice, until 2023, when we verified the most recent paper, only 14 studies addressing the topic have been published. This initial finding indicates that academic production on the subject, in the most prestigious journals in the field of communication in this region, remains limited. Out of the 14 texts, it can only be observed that six (42.8 % of the publications) delve deeper into what is understood by transparency in journalism. Three of the texts are available in Cuadernos.info (Borrat, 2005; Freundt-Thuirne, 2005; Mauri-Rio et al., 2022) — two of which are published in a special edition on the topic of transparency in 2005 —, one in Brazilian Journalism Research (Maia, 2008), one in Comunicación y Sociedad (Ramon-Vegas et al., 2016), and another in Revista de Comunicación (Ramon-Vegas et al., 2020).
The other articles (Forni, 2004; Jarque-Muñoz & Almiron-Roig, 2008; D’Andréa, 2009; Gonçalves, 2012; Campo-Lozano & Chaparro-Domínguez, 2018; Rodrigues & Seibt, 2020; Antunes & Sebastião, 2020; Moreno-Gil & Salgado, 2023) treat transparency as a value, a practice, or a characteristic of journalism without delving into the complexities or issues that this matter may pose. In these cases, the term serves as an anchor for other topics to gain space in the debate on journalistic practice. The concept of transparency intersects with other themes related to journalism. These are intertwined topics that often overlap. Recognized by various researchers as a value, transparency emerges in works that evaluate ethical codes and discuss professional ethical challenges (Campo-Lozano & Chaparro-Domínguez, 2018; Antunes & Sebastião, 2020). Often placed alongside already established principles of journalism, such as objectivity, it is also mentioned as an intrinsic characteristic of digital journalism (Jarque-Muñoz & Almiron-Roig, 2008; D’Andréa, 2009; Ramon-Vegas et al., 2016). Additionally, transparency is also cited as an essential element for the operation of fact-checking agencies (Rodrigues & Seibt, 2020; Moreno-Gil & Salgado, 2023). The term is also indicated as a tool for media accountability and is associated with journalistic credibility (Ramon-Vegas et al., 2020; Mauri-Rios et al., 2022). Another explored connection is that of transparency and photojournalism (Gonçalves, 2012).
Conclusions: The results show that there is still room to expand and deepen the issues related to this topic. It should be noted that the scope of this research focuses on scientific journals indexed in the SCImago index, implying that our findings do not cover all studies conducted on this topic in the region. Despite this limitation, it is necessary to consider the relevance of the results obtained, which provide interesting observations for understanding transparency. Only 14 works were identified after searching through all publications made by the journals and available on their websites. We found three articles published between 2004 and 2005, indicating alignment with the movement to broaden research on transparency in journalism from the early 2000s (Craft, 2019). However, a progressive increase in publications on the topic in the following years cannot be confirmed. The reasons may vary, from a research culture focused on other journalism topics to influences derived from movements in journalistic newsrooms in the region. Although most of the analyzed works highlight transparency as an important value for journalism, especially in the digital context, there is no deepening on this topic. Even in papers where the concept of transparency is debated, the call for its use is always emphasized, without contextualization of the underlying logic and dynamics of its adoption. In this context, we emphasize that although it is present in research on various topics such as fact-checking, digital journalism, accountability, and photojournalism, transparency is always seen as synonymous with openness, which constitutes a perspective widely explored in studies on the subject. Despite that, it is crucial to highlight that other approaches have gained ground in addressing transparency (Karlsson, 2021). Objetivos: Identificar la presencia, la conceptualización y los debates sobre transparencia en el periodismo en artículos publicados en las revistas científicas mejor clasificadas de la región, según el índice SCImago Journal Rank.
Materiales y métodos: Realizamos un análisis cualitativo de contenido (Bardin, 2011) de investigaciones publicadas en revistas latinoamericanas. Utilizamos el SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) en 2022 y con 18 revistas listadas establecimos que los títulos, resúmenes y/o palabras clave de los textos debían contener los términos de referencia “transparencia” y/o “transparencia periodística”; se identificaron 138 documentos. A partir de estos documentos se realizó una nueva selección con el objetivo de seleccionar solo aquellos textos que relacionaran la transparencia con el contexto de una organización periodística y la práctica de sus profesionales. La muestra final está compuesta por 14 artículos.
Resultados: Verificamos que la producción académica relacionada con este tema sigue siendo discreta, solo se identificaron 14 trabajos. Encontramos tres artículos publicados entre 2004 y 2005, lo que indica una alineación con el movimiento de ampliación de la investigación sobre la transparencia en el periodismo a partir de principios de los años 2000 (Craft, 2019). En este contexto, destacamos que, aunque está presente en investigaciones sobre temas diversos como la verificación de datos, el periodismo digital, la rendición de cuentas y el fotoperiodismo, la transparencia siempre se observa como sinónimo de apertura, lo que constituye una perspectiva ampliamente explorada en los estudios sobre el tema.
Conclusiones: Aunque la mayoría de los trabajos analizados señalan la transparencia como un valor importante para el periodismo, especialmente en el contexto digital, no hay una profundización sobre este tema. Incluso en los textos en los que se debate el concepto de transparencia, el llamamiento a su uso siempre es destacado, sin una contextualización de las lógicas y dinámicas subyacentes a su adopción.
Produciendo lugares y mapeando experiencias con fotografía
Full text linkObjectives: To understand how photography can be used in the symbolic appropriation of spaces by migrant and refugee women living in São Paulo. Emphasizing the particularities of smartphone photography, including its geolocation and circulation features when connected to GPS and the internet, we aim to reflect on the cartography and place-making resulting from this practice.
Materials and methods: Since this is a theoretical reflection, the methodology used involved a bibliographic review of topics relevant to the research. Key references include Tim Ingold's graphic anthropology (2012, 2015), the concept of situated visuality by Hjorth and Pink (2012), and the interconnection between online and offline cartography using the concepts of "informational territories" (Lemos, 2010), "networked locality" (Gordon & de Souza e Silva, 2012), and "interstitial space" (Santaella, 2008). The concept of place is understood as a weaving of lines (Ingold, 2015), a pause in movement (Tuan, 1983), and a mesh (Hjorth & Pink, 2014).
Results: This theoretical reflection has enabled the development of a methodology for using photography as a tool for self-awareness, visual education, citizenship promotion, and social inclusion. The goal is not technical instruction that stifles photographic practice but collective experimentation that transcends framing constraints. Previously discussed in another article, this approach starts with the understanding of one’s body as a territory and seeks to promote photographic production as a way of maintaining co-presence with other bodies, bringing awareness to space.
Conclusions: We understand that place, in photography, can be formed not only in materiality but also in the act of sharing images and their circulation through cyberspace. Freezing time is not the goal of this practice but rather extending it in duration or, in the case of maps created from photographs, fracturing time. Objetivos: Entender cómo la fotografía puede ser utilizada en la apropiación simbólica de espacios por mujeres migrantes y refugiadas que viven en la ciudad de São Paulo. Con énfasis en las particularidades de la fotografía producida por smartphones y sus características de geolocalización y circulación, cuando está conectada a GPS e internet, buscamos reflexionar sobre la cartografía y producción de lugar resultante de esta práctica.
Materiales y métodos: Por tratarse de una reflexión teórica, la metodología utilizada fue una búsqueda bibliográfica de los temas pertinentes a la investigación. Destacamos la antropología gráfica de Tim Ingold (2012, 2015), el concepto de visualidad situada de Hjorth y Pink (2012) y la imbricación entre cartografía online y cartografía offline a partir de los conceptos de "territorios informacionales" (Lemos, 210), "localidad en red" (Gordon y de Souza e Silva, 2012) y "espacio intersticial" (Santaella, 2008). El concepto de lugar se entiende como un entretejido de líneas (Ingold, 2015), una pausa en el movimiento (Tuan, 1983) y una malla (Hjorth y Pink, 2014).
Resultados: Esta reflexión teórica ha permitido el desarrollo de una metodología de utilización de la fotografía como herramienta de autoconocimiento, educación visual, promoción de la ciudadanía e inclusión social, que no tiene como objetivo la enseñanza técnica que ahoga la práctica fotográfica, sino la experimentación colectiva que desborda los encuadres. Desarrollado en otro artículo aquí citado, parte de la comprensión del propio cuerpo como territorio y busca promover la producción fotográfica como forma de mantener la co-presencia con otros cuerpos, trayendo conciencia al espacio.
Conclusiones: Entendemos que el lugar, en la fotografía, se puede formar no solo en la materialidad, sino también en el acto de compartir esta imagen y en la circulación a través del ciberespacio. Congelar el tiempo no es el objetivo de esta práctica, sino extenderlo en duración o, en el caso de los mapas formados por fotografías, fracturar el tiempo.
La Brecha digital como expresión de la desigualdad territorial: hacia la constitucionalización de la prohibición de la exclusión territorial: The Digital Divide as an Expression of Territorial Inequality: towards Constitutionalizing the Prohibition of Territorial Exclusion
Full text linkInequality by virtue of the territory is a factor that generates exclusion in the satisfaction of the rights of the inhabitants of vulnerable or marginalized areas, as is the case of access to digital technologies, which is verified in various parts of the world, Latin America and Of course Columbia. The study aims to demonstrate how territorial inequality is definitely a factor of discrimination that deserves to be legally and expressly prohibited like others that already are: race, religion, political affiliation, ideological, sex, economic condition, among others. The phenomenon of the digital divide is used to verify this situation, since the differences in access to technologies, especially the most recent ones such as the Internet and its different modalities, are generated, among other causes, by the differences between vulnerable territories and the most advantaged ones. To achieve the objective, the category equality, discrimination in general, then territorial discrimination and finally the digital divide will be managed, making references to several countries, including Colombia. The correlation of territory and technological inequalities that contribute to reinforce the thesis of constitutional and normative prohibition in general of the territory as a factor of discrimination is demonstrated.La desigualdad en virtud del territorio es un factor que genera exclusión en la satisfacción de derechos de los habitantes de las zonas vulnerables o marginadas, como es el caso del acceso a las tecnologías digitales, lo que se constata en varias partes del mundo, Latinoamérica y por supuesto, Colombia. El estudio persigue demostrar como la desigualdad territorial es definitivamente un factor de discriminación que merece prohibirse jurídica y expresamente como otros que ya lo están: raza, religión, afiliación política, ideológica, sexo, condición económica, entre otros. Se utiliza el fenómeno de brecha digital para constatar tal situación, por cuanto las diferencias en el acceso a las tecnologías, especialmente las más recientes como el Internet y sus distintas modalidades son generadas entre otras causas por las diferencias entre territorios vulnerables y los más aventajados. Para el logro del objetivo se manejará la categoría igualdad, discriminación en general, luego la discriminación territorial y por último la brecha digital, haciendo referencias a varios países, entre los que se incluye Colombia. Se demuestra la correlación territorio y desigualdades tecnológicas que contribuyen a reforzar la tesis de prohibición constitucional y normativa en general del territorio como factor de discriminación
Cosechando la autonomía: Procesos de autonomía de mujeres cooperativistas rurales en Nicaragua
Full text linkThe general objective of this article is to analyze whether the practices and discourses that emerge from the participation of women in the cooperative Mujeres en acción (COMAC), Nicaragua, promote processes of autonomy in the collective and in their social relations. The specific objectives to achieve this were: to understand their meaning and the processes of learning and appropriation by the women involved; to examine the practices and discourses of the women their links and relationships outside the cooperative to understand how these influence their autonomy; to identify the factors that can hinder or promote the autonomy processes of the women, both within the cooperative and in their social environment; and finally, to determine the role of the different social actors in the projects and activities developed by the cooperative. Considering that the creation of cooperatives is evidence of women's interest in organizing themselves and subverting the order of the system, it appears as a way to gain autonomy, and to participate in their communities differently.
Using a qualitative methodology with a feminist approach, I explore the experiences of women in the cooperative and how these contribute to the development of individual and relational autonomy. I also situate this article in the relational approach to communication and from the interest of understanding how these relationships explode in autonomy, which in turn leads to participation, in having a different role in the community than the traditional normative gender roles, in decision making, and in the role that the cooperative plays in their lives. Between June and July 2022 I went to the community and through participant observation I was able to record the discourses of the women who are part of the cooperative that take place in informal conversations and/or in their meetings when they are in their familiar spaces. Four participatory workshops were also held to get to know the women who are members of the cooperative, addressing the projects carried out by the cooperative and the participation of the members in them, exploring the relationship of the cooperative with the community and the perception of integration of its members. Seven interviews were conducted, five with members of the cooperative and two with external persons, to deepen the topics discussed in the workshops and conversations, complementing the information with documents from the cooperative, technical reports, and opinion articles.
As part of the findings, members' perceptions of autonomy were explored, as expressed in terms of the right to participate, ownership of their assets, and the collective construction of meaningful projects. These experiences reflect how participation in the cooperative promotes autonomy in women's relationships, organization, and daily life. I also look at the importance of relationships for members and how, from a communicative perspective, these relationships can be seen as a process of knowledge production and learning, and how, in this way, the women of COMAC have found their autonomy in this fabric of relationships sustained by the affection of considering themselves sisters, in the trust of collective decision-making, and in the fact that, despite the existence of relationships mediated by power, supporting the cooperative gives them a new social role that allows them to negotiate and participate in community projects.
Finally, I would like to emphasize the importance of the cooperative, which touches all aspects of members' lives, from the domestic sphere to their participation in the cooperative, and is understood as an essential tool for exercising autonomy. Organizing on all fronts to have the freedom to decide what to participate in and what not to participate in, organizing to participate in the cooperative gives members a space where they can actively participate in decision-making, collaborate in the management of resources, and share knowledge and experience. The cooperative is understood as an organizational structure that promotes solidarity, strengthens cohesion, and enhances the empowerment of its members, allowing them to exercise their autonomy collectively and effectively, where the organization functions as a means to understand this structure.
The country's history is marked by an entrenched patriarchal system that has limited women's rights and opportunities over time. However, organizations such as the multisectoral cooperative Mujeres en Acción have emerged in response to these injustices, providing a space for rural women to unite, work together, and empower themselves economically.
Although the roles established by the patriarchal system have been perpetuated by forcing them to take on two jobs to be part of the cooperative, one at home and one in the cooperative, they value being able to take on a different role and have implemented strategies to better share the work at home and free up time to fulfill their role as members. And it is precisely by participating in the cooperative that they have found the autonomy that they did not have in their role at home.
This does not mean that they do not like to maintain these roles, on the contrary, they enjoy the possibility of having opportunities that they did not have before, such as the possibility of improving the quality of life of themselves and their families or having a productive activity that generates well-being and gives them power in the community to make better decisions that generate the common good and the good of the cooperative.
In this way, they recognize the cooperative as a space where they can strengthen their relationships, transform their lives, and achieve their individual and collective goals. In this way, autonomy is not a simple concept, but a discourse and practice rooted in daily life and born from the moment each woman decides to become a member.
Thus, contrary to what was expected in the context in which they lived, the collective organization, the shared work, and the relationships built through participation in the cooperative became powerful tools for their autonomy. In this way, they have not only learned to work the land, but they have also sown and today they are reaping their autonomy. Este artículo tiene como objetivo general analizar si las prácticas y discursos que surgen de la participación de las mujeres en la cooperativa Mujeres en acción (COMAC), Chinandega (Nicaragua) promueven procesos de autonomía del colectivo y en sus relaciones sociales. Con una metodología cualitativa de enfoque feminista exploro las experiencias de las mujeres en la cooperativa y cómo estas ayudan en el desarrollo de autonomía individual y relacional; para ello se realizaron cuatro talleres participativos, siete entrevistas, cinco a socias de la cooperativa y dos a personas externas, con el fin de profundizar en temas discutidos en los talleres y conversaciones, complementando la información con documentos de la cooperativa, informes técnicos y artículos de opinión. Como parte de los hallazgos analizo la autonomía según las socias, para entender mejor cómo desde su participación en la cooperativa, las relaciones, la organización y la vida cotidiana van construyendo un entramado de vivencias que reflejan su autonomía. Asimismo, profundizo en la importancia que tienen las relaciones para las socias, y cómo una perspectiva comunicacional permite ver estas relaciones como un proceso de producción de saberes y aprendizajes, y cómo han encontrado su autonomía en este tejido de relaciones. Por último, planteo la importancia de la organización como una herramienta para la autonomía, la organización de los tiempos en casa, la organización desde la cooperativa y desde los diferentes frentes para participar en los espacios que deseen. Concluyo que la organización colectiva, el trabajo conjunto y las relaciones que se van construyendo a través de la participación en la cooperativa se convirtieron en herramientas poderosas para que ellas fueran autónomas; contrario a lo que se esperaría en el contexto en el que habitan. Así, ellas no aprendieron solo a cultivar la tierra, sembraron, y hoy cosechan su autonomía.
Diferencias funcionales en futbolistas universitarios vallecaucanos con y sin antecedente de lesión en rodilla
No full textObjective: The objective of the study was to examine possible differences in variables such as power, lower limb flexibility, speed, and agility in university soccer players from Valle del Cauca with and without a history of knee injury.
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study, 58 university athletes with and without a history of knee injury who had completed a rehabilitation phase, with a return to play in less than 6 months, participated. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected and flexibility was evaluated using the Back Saver Sit and Reach test, power with the Drop Jump, agility and speed with the Illinois and V-Cut, respectively.
Results: There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between athletes with and without a history of knee injury in variables associated with lower limb power, such as muscle stiffness and reactive strength index. Athletes with a history of injury had lower performance in variables such as jump height and flight time.
Conclusions: Power was affected in athletes with a history of knee injury, even after the rehabilitation and return to play phase.Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar las posibles diferencias en variables como potencia, flexibilidad en miembro inferior, velocidad y agilidad en futbolistas universitarios vallecaucanos con antecedente de lesión en rodilla y sin antecedente de esta.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal; participaron 58 deportistas universitarios con antecedente de lesión de rodilla y sin antecedente de esta que habían realizado fase de readaptación, con un retorno al juego inferior a 6 meses. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos y se evaluó la flexibilidad mediante el test Back Saver Sit and Reach, potencia con el Drop Jump, agilidad y velocidad con el Illinois y V-Cut, respectivamente.
Resultados: Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) entre los deportistas con antecedente de lesión en rodilla y sin antecedente de esta en variables asociadas a la potencia de miembro inferior como el stiffness muscular y el índice de fuerza reactiva. Los deportistas con antecedente lesivo presentaron menor rendimiento en variables como altura del salto y tiempo de vuelo.
Conclusiones: La potencia se vio afectada en deportistas con antecedente de lesión de rodilla, incluso después de la fase de readaptación y retorno al juego