Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis
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Diversity of Undergrowth in Teak Forest Areas as a Feed Source Bali Cattle in Watopute District
No full textABSTRACT Indonesia has tropical rainforests that are so vast and have a diversity of plants. The study aimed to identify the diversity of undergrowth in the teak forest area as a source of fodder for Bali cattle in Watopute District, Muna Regency, to be carried out in August–December 2022 with purpose location determination and village surveys using stratified random sampling based on area criteria low, medium, and high. Data collection used the field observation method by exploring and taking samples using a 10x30 m2 transect. The research variables included observations of plant species in the teak forest area and forage plant species in the teak forest area, which were then analyzed using the summed dominance ratio formula. The results of research on plant species in the teak forest area show that there are 17 families with 43 species, and for plant species that can be used as a source of feed for breeders, there are as many as 16 species. From the research, it can be concluded that livestock looking for food in the teak forest area in Watopute District consists of 16 plant species.Keywords: plants, teak forest, bali cattle, watoput
The Potency of Local Beef Cattle: Growth Performance, Carcase Productivity, and Beef Quality
No full textIn the era of globalization, domestic beef supply from local cattle should meet not only the specification of traditional market but also that of modern markets which require premium beef. The local beef cattle consist of various breeds differing in maturity size, growth performance and slaughter weight. Small to medium frame size cattle are still dominant (±70%) and they are descendants of Bos javanicus, Bos indicus (draft type) and their crosses. The local cattle have relatively poor growth performances and slaughter weights. The carcass evaluation study suggests that taurus-indicus cross cattle tend to combine the muscularity advantages of taurus and indicus cattle which result in better beef yield and economic value. Therefore, the development of local cattle should be towards a beef type animal by cross breeding with larger frame taurine beef cattle. Since most of the cattle breeds contain Bos indicus blood, they yield relatively tough beef. Nevertheless, Bali cattle aged 1.5–2.5 years could produce relatively tender beef that meets specification of modern market. The program to improve the beef quality of Bali cattle could increase self-sufficiency in premium beef supply, added value and competitiveness of the local cattle.
Keywords: local cattle, growth performance, beef yield, qualit
Substitution of Concentrate with a Mixture of Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera L.) and Cassava Pulp and Their Impact on in Vitro Fermentability and Digestability
No full textThe aim of this study was to study the use of a mixture of Moringa leaves with cassava pulp (MLCP) to replace concentrate and its impact on in vitro fermentability and digestibility. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. Basal treatment in 40% rice straw as a source of fiber and 60% concentrate, then concentrate was replaced with MLCP in stages, namely 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%. MCLP has a ratio of 43%:57% based on dry matter. The resulting data were analyzed by Duncan's test. The results showed that MLCP in replacing concentrate had a significant effect (
Analysis of Competitiveness and Impact of Government Policies on Honeybee Cultivation Business using the Policy Analysis Matrix Approach (Case Study of the Madu Mas Forest Farmer Group in South Konawe Regency)
No full textThis study aims to analyze the competitiveness and impact of government policies on honey bee farming using the Policy Analysis Matrix approach. The research was carried out at the Madu Mas Forest Farmers Group (KTH) in South Konawe Regency in April 2022. The study population was all members of the Madu Mas KTH in South Konawe Regency, totaling 15 people, all of whom were used as research samples using the census method. The research variables include tradable and non-tradable input costs, private and social prices, production, and revenues. Analysis of research data using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) approach. The results showed that the honey bee farming business at KTH Madu Mas in South Konawe Regency had competitiveness based on indicators of competitive advantage as measured by the PCR value, which was 0.72. However, it does not have competitiveness based on comparative advantage indicators as measured by the DRCR value, which is equal to 2.46. Meanwhile, the impact of government policies on the output of beekeeping businesses at KTH Madu Masa in Konawe Selatan Regency causes the output value at private prices to be greater than the output value at social prices. Then, the impact of government policies on the inputs of the honey bee cultivation business at KTH Madu Mas in Konawe Selatan Regency causes the profits received to be smaller than without the policy.
Keywords: competitiveness, policy impact, honey bees, PA
Gambaran Efisiensi Emisi Metana Terhadap Produksi Susu Sapi Perah di Kabupaten Semarang
Get PDFABSTRAK Peningkatan populasi sapi perah merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi susu, namun di sisi lain peningkatan populasi meningkatkan emisi metana. Pelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bagaimana gambaran efisiensi emisi metana terhadap produksi susu sapi perah di Kabupaten Semarang berdasarkan data populasi dan produksi susu. Emisi metana dihitung menggunakan metode tier 1. Data populasi sapi perah laktasi dan data produksi susu tahun 2015-2020 digunakan untuk menghitung efisiensi emisi metana terhadap produksi. Populasi sapi perah induk laktasi dari tahun 2015-2017 mengalami penurunan sebanyak 452 ekor (4,8%) dibandingkan tahun 2015. Namun, pada tahun 2018-2019 meningkat sebanyak 872 (9,8%) dibandingkan tahun 2017. Emisi metana dari fermentasi enterik dan pengelolaan kotoran ternak tahun mengalami penurunan pada tahun 2015-2017 namun, kembali meningkat pada tahun 2018-2020. Emisi metana tertinggi pada tahun 2019 dan tahun 2020 sedangkan yang terendah pada tahun 2017. Rata-rata emisi metana fermentasi enterik tahun 2015-2020 yaitu 9,9 CO2-e Gg/tahun sedangkan rata-rata emisi metana pengelolaan kotoran ternak 5,0 CO2-e Gg/tahun. Efisiensi emisi terhadap produksi dari tahun 2015-2020 rata-rata 5,6-7. Efisiensi emisi terhadap produksi paling baik yaitu pada tahun 2017 yaitu sebesar 5,4-7, sedangkan yang paling buruk yaitu pada tahun 2016 yaitu sebesar 5,8-7. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa, peningkatan populasi perlu diikuti dengan peningkaan produksi susu supaya emisi yang dihasilkan semakin sedikit untuk memproduksi susu per satuan unitnya. Tahun 2017 merupakan gambaran efisiensi produksi per emisi yang paling baik di Kabupaten Semarang yaitu terjadi peningkatan efisiensi sebesar 6,9%. Kata kunci: efisiensi, emisi metana, produksi susu, sapi perah.The Overview of Methane Emission Efficiency on Dairy Cow Milk Production in Semarang RegencyABSTRACT The increase in the population of dairy cows is in an effort to increase milk production, but on the other hand, the increase in population increases methane emissions. This study aims to evaluate the overview of the efficiency of methane emissions on milk production of dairy cows in Semarang Regency based on population and milk production data. Methane emissions were calculated using the Tier 1 method. Data on the population of lactating dairy cows and data on milk production for 2015-2020 were used to calculate the efficiency of methane emissions on production. The population of lactating dairy cows from 2015-2017 decreased by 452 heads (4.8%) compared to 2015. However, in 2018-2019 it increased by 872 (9.8%) compared to 2017. Methane emissions from enteric fermentation and management of manure decreased in 2015-2017 but increased again in 2018-2020. The highest methane emission was in 2019 and 2020 while the lowest was in 2017. The average enteric fermentation methane emission in 2015-2020 was 9.9 CO2-e Gg/year while the average methane emission from manure management was 5.0 CO2-e Gg/year. The efficiency of emissions to production from 2015-2020 on average 5.6-7. The best emission efficiency towards production is in 2017 which is 5.4-7, while the worst is in 2016 which is 5.8-7. It can be concluded that an increase in population needs to be followed by an increase in milk production so that fewer emissions are produced to produce milk per unit. The year 2017 is the best overview of production efficiency per emission in Semarang Regency, which is an increase in efficiency of 6.9%.Keywords: efficiency, methane emissions, milk production, dairy cow
Kecernaan Bahan Kering dan Bahan Organik Leguminosa Pohon Sebagai Sumber Protein Pakan Ruminansia Secara In Vitro
Get PDFABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik dari berbagai macam pemanfaatan leguminosa antara lain: kaliandra, I. zollingeriana, dan lamtoro untuk menggantikan bungkil kedelai dalam ransum ruminansia yang iso-protein secara in vitro. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah cairan rumen sapi yang diambil dari Rumah Potong Hewan Bantarwuni Purwokerto. Ransum perlakuan yang digunakan terdiri dari R0 sebagai kontrol dengan sumber protein bungkil kedelai, R1 kaliandra, R2 lamtoro, dan R3 I. zollingeriana. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik. Pengukuran kecernaan dilakukan secara in vitro yang telah dimodifikasi. Hasil analisis variansi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan berbagai macam leguminosa pohon sebagai sumber protein utama pada pakan ruminansia berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,01) antara perlakuan terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik pada pakan ruminansia secara in vitro. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan leguminosa pohon sumber protein terbaik untuk menggantikan penggunaan bungkil kedelai yaitu kaliandra.Kata Kunci: Kecernaan in vitro, leguminosa, pakan ruminansia. Tree Legumes Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility as Ruminant Protein Source in VitroABSTRACTThis research was conducted to evaluate dry matter and organic matter digestibility of ruminant feed with different utilizations of legume: Calliandra, I. zollingeriana, and Laucaena leaves to substitute soy bean meal (iso-protein) by in vitro methods. The experiment used rumen fluid collected at Bantarwuni Slaughter House. The treatments are R0 as control (SBM), R1 calliandra, R2 Laucaena, and R3 I. zollingeriana. Variables measured are the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. The experiment method used to evaluate digestibility was modified in vitro method. Results of variance analysis showed that utilization of different legume as main protein source were significant (p<0,01). The highest digestibility value of dry matter and organic matter reached on R1 treatment (calliandra). It concluded that the best legume to substitute soy bean meal in ruminant feed is Calliandra.Keywords: in vitro digestibility, legume, ruminant fee
Penampilan Karkas Ayam Kampung Super dengan Pemberian Tepung Kulit Singkong Fermentasi
Get PDFABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penggunaan tepung kulit singkong fermentasi (FCPF) terhadap bobot potong, bobot karkas, dan persentase karkas ayam kampung super. Rancangan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut adalah T1 (ransum yang mengandung 0% FCPF), T2 (ransum yang mengandung 5% FCPF), T3 (ransum yang mengandung 10% FCPF), dan T4 (ransum yang mengandung 15% FCPF). Parameter penelitan yaitu bobot potong, bobot karkas, persentase karkas, persentase kulit, persentase daging dan persentase tulang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis varians (ANOVA) dan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tepung kulit singkong fermentasi dalam ransum berpengaruh nyata (p0,05) terhadap bobot karkas, persentase karkas, persentase kulit, persentase daging, dan persentase tulang. Kadar tepung kulit singkong fermentasi kadar 10% menunjukkan tingkat optimal yang dapat direspon baik oleh ayam kampung super, sedangkan FCPF di atas 10% justru menurunkan bobot potong ayam kampung super.Kata kunci: ayam kampung super, tepung singkong fermentasi; tepung, sembelih timbang karkas Super Native Chicken Carcass Qualities FedFermented Cassava Peel FlourABSTRACTThis study aims to evaluate the effect of using fermented cassava peel flour (FCPF) on slaughter weight, carcass weight and carcass percentage of super native chicken. The design used in this study is a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments are T1 (rations containing 0% FCPF), T2 (rations containing 5% FCPF), T3 (rations containing 10% FCPF) and T4 (rations containing 15% FCPF). The parameters observed are slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, skin percentage, meat percentage and bone percentage. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’sMultiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of the study, shows that fermented cassava peel flour in the ration has a significant effect (p 0.05) on carcass weight, carcass percentage, skin percentage, meat percentage and bone percentage. Fermented cassava peel flour on 10% level shows the optimal effect that can be responded well by super native chickens, while FCPF above 10% actually decreases slaughter weight.Keywords: super native chicken, fermented cassava peel flour, slaughter weight, carcas
Daya Ikat Air, Kekenyalan, dan Rendemen Bakso Ayam Menggunakan Bahan Agar Komersil dengan Level Berbeda
Get PDFABSTRAKMeningkatkan kekenyalan bakso dapat dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan zat pengenyal, termasuk agar komersial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari penggunaan agar komersial sebagai bahan pengunyah terhadap kualitas fisik bakso ayam. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan yaitu P1 (agar 0%), P2 (agar 1%), P3 (agar 2%), dan P4 (agar 3%) dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Variabel yang diamati adalah daya tampung air, rendemen, dan elastisitas. Variabel penelitian adalah kualitas fisik yaitu daya tampung air, rendemen, dan elastisitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan pada masing-masing variabel. Penambahan agar 3% tidak meningkatkan kualitas fisik bakso ayam.Kata Kunci: bakso ayam, agar, kualitas fisik Water Holding Capacity, Elasticity, and Rendemen of Chicken Meatball Made with Commercial Agar in Various LevelsABSTRACTIncreasing the chewiness of the meatball can be done by adding a chewing agent, including commercial agar. This research aimed to study the use of commercial agar as chewing agent on the physical qualities of chicken meatballs. This research used a completely randomized design with four treatments: P1 (0% agar), P2 (1% agar), P3 (2% agar), and P4 (3% agar) and repeated 3 times. The variables observed were water holding capacity, yield, and elasticity. The research variables were physical quality, namely water holding capacity, yield, and elasticity. The results showed no significant effect on each variable. Agar addition up to 3% did not increase the physical qualities of chicken meatball.Keywords: chicken meatballs, jelly, physical qualit
Prevalensi Resistensi Escherichia Coli Terhadap Tetrasiklin yang Diisolasi dari Hati Ayam Broiler
Get PDFABSTRAK Antibiotik berguna untuk kesehatan manusia maupun hewan. Tetrasiklin salah satu jenis antibiotiik yang paling sering digunakan di peternakan ayam untuk tujuan pengobatan, pencegahan maupun perangsang pertumbuhan (Antibiotic Growth promoter/AGP) dalam pakan ayam broiler. Bakteri Escherichia coli (E. coli) banyak ditemukan di lingkungan peternakan dan dapat mencemari hati ayam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui resistensi bakteri E. coli yang diisolasi dari hati ayam broiler terhadap tetrasiklin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Sampel yang digunakan bakteri E. coli pada hati ayam broiler. Ayam broiler diambil berasal dari PT X yang berada pada 6 desa di Kecamatan Sumbersari, Kabupaten Jember. Uji resistensi bakteri dilakukan dengan Metode Kirby Bauer. Data dianalisis dengan metode Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bakteri yang ditemukan dari hati ayam 100% adalah golongan bakteri Gram negatif. Berdasarkan hasil kultu rpada media EMB dan pengecatan Gram sebanyak 67% sampel teridentifikasi positif bakteri E. coli. Pada uji resistensi antibiotik didapatkan 50% sensitif, 25% intermediet dan 25% resistensi terhadap tetrasiklin. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini bakteri E. coli yang diisolasi dari hati ayam broiler 25% resisten terhadap tetrasiklinKata kunci: Eschecicia coli, tetrasiklin, hati ayam, resistancePrevalence of Escherichia Coli Resistance to Tetracyclin Isolated from Broiler Chicken LiverABSTRACT Antibiotics are useful for human and animal health. Tetracyclines are one of the most commonly used antibiotics in chicken farms for medicinal purposes, prevention, and growth stimulants (Antibiotic Growth promoter / AGP) in broiler feed. Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria are found in many livestock environments and can contaminate chicken livers. The purpose of this study was to determine the resistance of E. coli isolated from broiler chicken livers to tetracyclines. This research is descriptive. The samples used were E. coli bacteria in the broiler liver. Broiler chickens were taken from PT X in 6 villages in Sumbersari District, Jember Regency. The test for bacterial resistance was carried out using the Kirby Bauer method. Data were analyzed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute method. The results of this study indicated that the bacteria found from 100% chicken liver were gram-negative bacteria. Based on the results of culture on EMB media and Gram staining, 67% of the samples were identified as positive for E. coli bacteria. In the antibiotic resistance test, it was found that 50% sensitivity, 25% intermediates, and 25% resistance to tetracyclines were found. The conclusion in this study was that E. coli bacteria isolated from 25% broiler chicken liver was resistant to tetracyclines.Keywords: Eschecicia coli, tetracyclines, chicken liver, resistanc
Strategi Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Potong Melalui Program Upsus Siwab di Sulawesi Tenggara
No full textABSTRAK Upsus Siwab merupakan program dalam upaya pemerintah mempercapat peningkatan populasi sapi potong untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan asal hewani. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui strategi percepatan peningkatan populasi sapi potong di Sulawesi Tenggara melalui Program Upsus Siwab, dengan wawancara langsung dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Selanjutnya, dianalisis secara deskriptif dan analisis SWOT. Hasil matriks IFE dan EFE bernilai positif di mana pada grafik analisis SWOT kedua titik menunjukkan posisi pada kuadran I yang merupakan gambaran Program Upsus Siwab pada posisi yang kuat dan benar. Strategi yang perlu diterapkan adalah melakukan ekspansi, memperbesar, dan mempercepat cakupan Program Upsus Siwab. Beberapa rekomendasi strategis lahir dari hasil analisis matriks SWOT yaitu mengoptimalkan lahan untuk pengembangan sapi potong dengan menerapkan kawasan peternakan terpadu, mengoptimalkan potensi dan peluang pasar, menjalin kemitraan antara pemerintah, perbankan, koperasi, dan swasta.Kata Kunci: sapi potong, strategi, Upsus Siwab, SWOT Beef Cattle Development Strategy through Upsus Siwab Program in Southeast SulawesiABSTRACT Upsus Siwab is a program made by the government to increase the population of beef cattle to meet the animal protein need. This research aims to determine the strategy of accelerating beef cattle population in Southeast Sulawesi through the Upsus Siwab Program, using interview by questionnaires. The data acquired then analyzed descriptively and by SWOT Analysis. The results of IFE and EFE matrix showed positive result and stated that Upsus Siwab Program on the strong and right track. The strategies needed to be implemented are expansion, widen, and accelerate Upsus Siwab Program. SWOT matrix analysis showed strategic recommendations such as field optimizing for beef cattle development by applying integrated farming system, optimizing market potential, and building partnerships between government, bank, cooperatives, and private sectors. Keyword: beef cattle, strategy, Upsus Siwab, SWO