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Sistem Pemasaran Beras Di Kabupaten Landak, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
Full text linkLandak Regency has the potential to develop rice with a production surplus of 52,296 tonnes. This increase in production must be balanced with a good marketing system so that farmers and marketing agencies can receive more favorable prices. The purpose of this study is to analyze the channel, function and operational efficiency of rice marketing (marketing margin, farmer\u27s share, and profit to cost ratio) in Landak District. This study involved 45 respondent farmers as a sample which was obtained through a purposive sampling method in which the respondent farmers were selected with consideration of certain characteristics according to the research objectives. Marketing agency respondents were obtained using the snowball method based on information flow from farmers and obtained 13 marketing agency respondents. Qualitative data is used to analyze marketing channels and agencies. Quantitative data is used to analyze marketing margins, farmer\u27s share and profit to cost ratio. The results showed that there were 5 marketing channels and 4 marketing agencies involved. The marketing channel is distinguished from the products sold by farmers, namely channels 1, 2 and 3, farmers sell unhusked rice, while channels 4 and 5 sell rice. Channel 1 consists of farmer-gatherer-factory-retailer-end consumer, channel 2 consists of farmer-collector-mill-retailer-end consumer, channel 3 consists of farmer-mill-retailer-end consumer, channel 4 consists of farmer-retailer -end consumers and channel 5 farmers sell rice directly to end consumers. The results of the operational efficiency analysis show that a relatively efficient marketing channel is channel 1 based on the profit to cost ratio having a value of >1 (profitable). Increasing the institutional role of farmers (poktan and gapoktan) such as collective transactions can help farmers receive more profitable prices..Landak regency has potential to develop rice with productivity surplus 52.296 tons. Increased production must be balanced with the right marketing system so the farmer and seller could gain better profit level. This study aims to analyze channel, function and the operational efficiency (marketing margin, farmer’s share, profit ratio) rice in Landak Regency. This study took 45 farmers respondents sample using purposive sampling method and 13 marketing agencies using snowball sampling method. Qualitative data processing used to analyze marketing channels and marketing institutions. Quantitative data processing used to analyze marketing margin, farmer’s share, and the ratio of benefits to costs. The research results showed that there are five marketing channel and four marketing institution involved. The marketing channel distinguished by the product from the farmer which is marketing channel 1, 2 and 3 the farmer selling the paddy (raw rice) and marketing channel 4 and 5 the farmer selling rice. The analysis of operational efficiency showed that marketing channel that relative efficient were channel 1 based on its ratio of benefit to cost that has value >1 (profitable). Improvement the institutional role of farmers such group transactions can help farmers receive more profitable price
Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Risiko Produksi Padi Pada Sistem Bagi Hasil Di Kabupaten Bone
Full text linkSistem bagi hasil telah digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia secara turun-temurun. Perjanjian bagi hasil dilakukan untuk memperluas lahan yang digarap petani guna meningkatkan produksi pertanian. Khusus di Kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi Selatan, ada dua jenis bagi hasil, yaitu Tipe 1 dan Tipe 2. Pada Tipe 1, penggarap mendapat 2 bagian dan pemilik mendapat 1 bagian output, sedangkan biaya input produksi hampir semua ditanggung oleh penggarap. Pada Tipe 2, pemilik lahan dan penggarap mendapatkan bagian output yang sama banyak karena kedua belah pihak berbagi biaya input produksi. Selain berbagi input dan output produksi, bagi hasil juga melibatkan berbagi risiko produksi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi risiko produksi padi sistem bagi hasil pada tipe 1 dan tipe 2. Penentuan sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan metode snowball sampling dengan jumlah sampel 65 petani Tipe 1 dan 15 petani Tipe 2. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi linear berganda dengan model OLS menggunakan software SPP. Model fungsi risiko produksi menggunakan fungsi risiko Just and Pope dengan model produksi Cobb Douglas. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pada Tipe 1 dan Tipe 2 terdapat perbedaan faktor yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap risiko produksi. Pada tipe 1, faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap risiko produksi yaitu pestisida dan umur sebagai pengurang risiko (risk reducing faktor) sedangkan luas lahan sebagai peningkat risiko (risk inducing factor). Adapun pada tipe 2, pestisida dan tenaga kerja berpengaruh nyata dalam meningkatkan risiko produksi (risk inducing factor) dan tidak terdapat factor yang berpengaruh signifikan dalam mengurangi risiko produksi.The sharecropping system has been used by Indonesian people for generations. Sharecropping agreements are made to expand the land cultivated by farmers to increase agricultural production. Specifically in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi, there are two sharecropping types: Type 1 and Type 2. In Type 1, the tenant gets two shares, and the landowner receives one share of output, while the tenant bears almost all production input costs. In Type 2, the landowner and tenant get an equal share of the output because both parties share the costs of production inputs. In addition to sharing production inputs and outputs, sharecropping also involves sharing production risks. This study aimed to analyze the factors that affect the risk of sharecropping systems in type 1 and type 2. The research sample was determined using the snowball sampling method with a sample size of 65 type 1 farmers and 15 type 2 farmers. The data analysis method used was multiple linear regression analysis with the OLS model using SPP software. The production risk function model uses the Just and Pope risk model with the Cobb-Douglas production function. The results of this study concluded that in Type 1 and Type 2, there are differences in factors that significantly affect production risk. In type 1, the factors that significantly influence production risk are pesticides and age as a risk-reducing factor, while land area is a risk-inducing factor. As for type 2, pesticides and labour have a significant effect on inducing production risk, and there are no factors that have a significant impact on reducing production risk. The results of this study suggest that the use of type 1 can be done if tenants have capital, whereas if tenants do not have capital and only rely on their ability, they should choose type 2
Analisis Sistem Agribisnis Rumput Laut di Kabupaten Takalar Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Full text linkSeaweed is one of the most potential commodities in Indonesia which demand tends to increase overtime. Takalar Regency is the main producer of seaweed in South Sulawesi Province and has considerable resource potential in the fisheries sector. This study attempts analyzes portrait of the seaweed agribusiness system strarting from: the upstream subsystem, on-farm subsystem, processing subsystem, marketing subsystem, and supporting subsystem. The analysis used is descriptive, farming analysis, and analysis of the added value of the Hayami method. Determination of respondents using simple random sampling consisting of 33 seaweed cultivators and marketing actors consisting of seven collectors, two wholesalers, one exporter and one processing industry. The results showed that the seaweed agribusiness system still faces problems in both the upstream and downstream subsystems in cultivation equipment that is not environmentally friendly, seed quality, decreased production volume, capital, and institutional roles. Seaweed cultivation is profitable to cultivate with an R /C ratio 2,3. The added value ratio of dodol seaweed is 62.1%, seaweed jam 44,9% and Semi-Refined Carrageenan (SRC) 30,8%. There are five patterns of marketing channels formed from seaweed marketing activities. Seaweed business institutions consist of cultivator groups and cooperatives, and there is a Badan Usaha Milik Desa located in Laikang Village
Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Permintaan Impor Ikan Hias Indonesia di Negara Importir Utama
Full text linkIndonesia merupakan salah satu negara pengekspor ikan hias dunia. Permintaan ikan hias Indonesia berasal dari negara importir utama seperti Amerika Serikat, Tiongkok, dan Singapura. Dalam hal memenuhi permintaan pasar ikan hias di negara importir, Indonesia masih kalah dengan negara lainnya seperti Filipina. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi volume permintaan impor ikan hias Indonesia di negara Amerika Serikat, Tiongkok, dan Singapura. Periode waktu yang digunakan dari tahun 2000 sampai 2018. Sumber data berasal dari UN Comtrade dan World Bank. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis kuantitatif menggunakan Ordinary Least Square. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan volume permintaan impor ikan hias Indonesia di Amerika Serikat dan Singapura memiliki tren yang negatif sedangkan di pasar Tiongkok memiliki tren yang positif. Kemudian faktor – faktor yang memengaruhi permintaan impor ikan hias Indonesia di Amerika Serikat yaitu harga impor ikan hias Indonesia, harga impor pesaing, dan kurs rupiah terhadap dolar Amerika. Pada pasar Tiongkok dipengaruhi oleh harga impor ikan hias Indonesia dan kurs rupiah terhadap yuan. Sedangkan pada pasar Singapura dipengaruhi oleh harga impor ikan hias Indonesia.Indonesia is one of the world\u27s ornamental fish exporting countries. Demand for Indonesian ornamental fish from major importing countries such as United States, China and Singapore. In terms of meeting the demand of the ornamental fish market in importing country, Indonesia is still inferior to other countries such as Philippines. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence demand volume of Indonesian ornamental fish imports in United States, China and Singapore. The time period used was from 2000 to 2018. Data sources were taken from UN Comtrade and World Bank. The research method used is descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis using Ordinary Least Square. The results of this study indicate the volume of important demand for Indonesian ornamental fish in United States and Singapore has a negative trend while in Chinese market it has a positive trend. Then factors that influence the demand for Indonesian ornamental fish in United States are price of imported Indonesian ornamental fish, price of imported competence, and exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar. In Chinese market, this is influenced by price of Indonesian ornamental fish and the exchange rate of the rupiah against the yuan. While in the Singapore market this is influenced by price of Indonesian ornamental fish
Determinan Intensi Berwirausaha Mahasiswa Pascasarjana IPB Pada Bidang Agribisnis
Full text linkThe increasing population has an impact on increasing the need for food and the need for jobs. One solution to overcome this problem is entrepreneurship in the agribusiness sector which can reduce unemployment by creating jobs while increasing food production. This study aims to look at the desire and readiness and interest in entrepreneurship of postgraduate students at the Bogor Agricultural University Postgraduate School (SPs-IPB) in the field of agribusiness. The research design used a cross sectional study. Respondents in this study were postgraduate students in the master program (Strata 2/S2). The sampling technique used was proportionate stratified random sampling with a total of 122 people. The results showed that as many as (94.26%) of respondents stated that they had the desire to run a business in the future. A total of (86.96%) respondents have a specific desire for entrepreneurship in the field of agribusiness. Entrepreneurial intentions include businesses in the input subsystem (1.46%), onfarm (48.18%), postharvest processing (18.25%), trading (8.03%), services (9.49%), and supporting subsystems (14.6%). This study also found that the entrepreneurial intentions of postgraduate students in the field of agribusiness were influenced by subjective norm variables which were the influence of a number of parties that a person considered important for entrepreneurship. The suggestion from this research is that it is necessary to develop an entrepreneurship program for postgraduate students, especially in the field of agribusiness. In order to develop the soul and spirit of entrepreneurship in students and alumni. Increasing of population impacted to food needs and unemployment problem. so there is a solution to resolve with entrepreneurship. The aims of this study is to look the characteristics of respondents and the factors that influence the entrepreneurial intention of student at the Postgraduate School of Bogor Agricultural University (SPs-IPB) on agribusiness. The design of this study used cross sectional study. Respondent in this study are postgraduate student from magister program. The sampling technique used proportional stratified random sampling with 122 people. The analytical method used descriptive quantitative analysis and Structural Equation Modelling / SEM. The results showed that as (94%) of respondents have entrepreneurial intentions generally, (86.96%) of the respondents have the intention of entrepreneurship in agribusiness. The study found that entrepreneurial intention are influenced by subjective norm which is the influence of a number of parties that are considered important with regard to the behavior of entrepreneurs
Faktor-Faktor Penentu Perdagangan Biji Pala Indonesia
Full text linkThe export value of the whole nutmeg and nutmeg powder has the negative growth. That growth is lower than the import value. This condition illustrates that Indonesia has not optimally utilized its export opportunities. Optimizing export opportunities can be done by paying attention to the factors that affect exports. The aim of the research is to analyze the factors that effect to trade flow of Indonesian whole dan nutmeg powder to the destination countries.Researchers used secondary data on the whole and nutmeg powder from 2012 to 2019 with research variables: Indonesia\u27s GDP, GDP of export destination countries, economic distance, population, and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) as a dummy variable. The processes of data use a gravity model approach. The results showed that the GDP of both countries and the SPS had a negative effect on trade in the whole nutmeg, while economic distance and population had a positive impact. Meanwhile, the effect on trade in nutmeg powder by Indonesia\u27s GDP, GDP of export destination countries, and the population is positive, economic distance is negative, and the SPS has an insignificant effect. The policy implication is the government and stakeholders should choose trading partners with large populations and make post-harvest handling rules to minimize the impact of SPS barriers. Meanwhile, to increase the trade in nutmeg powder, choosing a trading partner with a high GDP is necessaryThe export value of the whole nutmeg and nutmeg powder has increased yearly. Nevertheless, Indonesia\u27s dependence on imports of nutmeg is high. This condition illustrates that Indonesia has not optimally utilized its export opportunities. Optimizing export opportunities can be done by paying attention to the factors that affect exports. Researchers used secondary data on the whole and nutmeg powder from 2012 to 2019 with research variables: Indonesia\u27s GDP, GDP of export destination countries, economic distance, population, and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) dummy. The processes of data use a gravity model approach. The results showed that the GDP of both countries and the SPS had a negative effect on trade in the whole nutmeg, while economic distance and population had a positive impact. Meanwhile, the effect on trade in nutmeg powder by Indonesia\u27s GDP, GDP of export destination countries, and the population is positive, economic distance is negative, and the SPS has an insignificant effect. The policy implication is the government and stakeholders should choose trading partners with large populations and make post-harvest handling rules to minimize the impact of SPS barriers. Meanwhile, to increase the trade in nutmeg powder, choosing a trading partner with a high GDP is necessary
Persepsi Generasi Muda Tentang Pertanian Organik dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha
Full text linkSalah satu masalah nyata yang terjadi di sektor pertanian adalah jumlah petani yang terus menurun. Minat generasi muda untuk menjadi petani atau pelaku usaha di bidang pertanian juga cenderung menurun. Generasi muda berpersepsi bahwa bekerja di sektor pertanian lebih melelahkan dibanding dengan non-pertanian, dikarenakan dalam bidang pertanian para petani bekerja di luar ruangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi persepsi generasi muda tentang pertanian organik dan untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap minat berwirausaha dengan melakukan survey kepada 63 anggota Komunitas Petani Muda Indonesia. Metode pengumpulan sampel menggunakan probability sampling, dengan metode analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan SEM-PLS. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa generasi muda memiliki pengetahuan dan pandangan yang positif tentang pertanian organik yang berpengaruh terhadap minat berwirausaha, tetapi minat mereka terhadap pertanian organik cenderung rendah, hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, seperti pemasaran produk organik yang sulit, banyaknya masyarakat yang belum paham tentang produk organik dan harga produk organik yang disamakan dengan produk pertanian konvensional oleh masyarakat. Kesimpulannya persepsi berpengaruh terhadap minat generasi muda untuk berwirausaha pertanian organik.The number of farmers that continues to decline is one of the problems that occur in the agricultural sector. The interest to become a farmer or business actor in agriculture, especially for the younger generation also tends to decline. They perceive that it is more tiring to work in the agricultural sector because they work outdoors. By administering a survey to 63 members of Komunitas Petani Muda Indonesia, this research aimed to determine the opinions of the younger generation about organic farming and their impact on entrepreneurial goals. The technique of collecting samples employs probability sampling, descriptive analysis, and SEM-PLS. The results show that the knowledge and positive views about organic farming affect the interest in entrepreneurship, However, their interest in organic farming tends to be low. Several factors contribute to this, including the fact that many individuals who do not understand organic products equate the price of organic products with conventional agricultural products and the difficulty of marketing organic products. The conclusion is that perception influences the desire of young people to become entrepreneurs
Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Berdasarkan Status Penguasaan Lahan di Kecamatan Grabag Kabupaten Purworejo
Full text linkProduksi padi yang dihasilkan di Kecamatan Grabag relatif meningkat dengan luas lahan panen yang turun. Produksi yang tinggi belum tentu menjamin tingginya pendapatan yang diterima petani. Produktivitas padi yang dihasilkan di Kecamatan Grabag belum mencapai produktivitas yang optimal, Sementara berdasarkan status penguasaan lahan petani padi memengaruhi tingkat pendapatan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis seberapa besar pendapatan petani padi di Kecamatan Grabag berdasarkan status penguasaan lahan. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif, analisis pendapatan usahatani dan R/C rasio dan uji beda ANOVA. Hasil analisis pendapatan usahatani padi menunjukkan bahwa usahatani padi di Kecamatan Grabag dari ketiga jenis kepemilikan lahan menguntungkan secara finansial dan ekonomi. Hal ini menunjukkan pendapatan yang diperoleh petani dapat menutupi seluruh biaya usahatani. Pendapatan paling besar diterima oleh petani dengan lahan milik sendiri. Salah satu faktor komponen biaya yang terbesar adalah penggunaan tenaga kerja (TKLK) sehingga pengurangan jumlah tenaga kerja perlu dipertimbangan dalam usahatani padi di Kabupaten Grabag.
Rice production in Grabag District has relatively increased even though the harvested area has decreased. High production does not guarantee that the income received by farmers is also high. Rice productivity in Grabag District has not yet reached optimal productivity. Meanwhile, based on land tenure status, rice farmers affect the level of income. The purpose of this study was to analyze how much the income of rice farmers in the District of Grabag based on land tenure status. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive analysis, analysis of farm income and R/C ratio, and ANOVA difference test. The results of the analysis show that rice farming in the Grabag District is financially and economically profitable based on the type of land ownership. The largest income is received by farmers with their own land ownership status. One of the biggest cost component factors is the use of labor (TKLK) so that reducing the number of workers needs to be considered in rice farming in Grabag District.
 
Analisis Pemasaran dan Nilai Tambah Pala di Kecamatan Tapak Tuan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan
Full text linkBased on Ministry of Agriculture data (2019), nutmeg is one of Indonesia\u27s led commodities that have a high economic value which is focused on exporting orientation. This study aims to analyze the marketing efficiency level of nutmeg, and the added value of processed nutmeg products for home industries in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency. The method used to calculate marketing margin value, farmer\u27s share value, R / C ratio. Meanwhile, the value-added analysis used the Hayami table. The analysis result showed that the nutmeg marketing system in Tapak Tuan District was relatively efficient. The calculating result of the equivalent estimate for the percentage value of the margin was 31.77%, the farmer\u27s share was 68.23%, and the r / c ratio was 2.18. Channel 4 was relatively more efficient compared to other channels with sales volumes of 117.5 kg (type B) and 2.82 kg (mace). In nutmeg value-added processing activities, Permai’s home industry for flower-shaped cake obtained a value-added ratio of 53% and stick-shaped cake at 32%. Finally, Rovan\u27s home industry for flower-shaped cake obtained a ratio of 62%, stick-shaped cake 49.5%, and nutmeg syrup 17%
Pengaruh Harga Internasional, Ekspor, Harga Tbs, Dan Volume Produksi Biodiesel Terhadap Harga CPO Domestik
Full text linkThe palm oil industry downstream program supports the development of new energy made from palm oil, namely biodiesel. Biodiesel is used as a blend for fuels such as diesel. One of the goals of developing the biodiesel industry is to produce new renewable energy sources so that it can reduce dependence on fossil energy and to increase value added of palm oil. With the development of the biodiesel industry, Indonesia\u27s consumption of crude palm oil (CPO) will increase. It is feared that this could lead to an increase in domestic CPO prices. This research was conducted to analyze the impact of developing the biodiesel industry on domestic CPO prices. The data used is secondary data in the form of annual data from 1997-2021. The research analysis used multiple linear regression which is processed with Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The independent variables in this research are international CPO prices, CPO export volumes, fresh fruit bunches (FFB) price and volume of biodiesel production. The real domestic CPO price was significantly affected by international CPO prices, CPO export volume, and FFB prices. Volume of biodiesel production has no significant impact on domestic CPO price.
The palm oil industry downstream program supports the development of new energy made from palm oil, namely biodiesel. Biodiesel is used as a blend for fuels such as diesel. One of the goals of developing the biodiesel industry is to produce new renewable energy sources so that it can reduce dependence on fossil energy. With the development of the biodiesel industry, Indonesia\u27s consumption of crude palm oil (CPO) will increase. It is feared that this could lead to an increase in domestic CPO prices. This research was conducted to analyze the impact of developing the biodiesel industry on domestic CPO prices. The data used is secondary data in the form of annual data from 1997-2021. The research analysis used multiple linear regression which is processed with Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The variables in this research are international CPO prices, CPO export volumes, biodiesel production, prices of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), and productivity of oil palm plantations. The real domestic CPO price was significantly affected by international CPO prices, CPO export volume, FFB prices, and the productivity of oil palm plantations. Biodiesel production was not proven to have a significant effect on domestic CPO prices