Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal
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Pemetaan Distribusi dan Densitas Monyet Hitam Sulawesi (Macaca Nigra) di Sulawesi Utara
Get PDFA study on mapping of distribution and population of Sulawesi crested black macaques (Macaca nigra) has been carried out to evaluate the current condition of distribution and density. This research was conducted from January to November 2009 at 24 locations in North Sulawesi Province. Determination of M. nigra distribution was based on the information provided by people surrounding the sites and field observation. Line transect was used to evaluate the density of the monkey with the length based on the habitat condition and the width was 100 m. The results showed that monkeys were not found at all of the locations and based on categories, high density of monkey was only found at Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve Two serious problems responsible to monkey population decreasing were hunting for consumption and habitat destruction. It can be concluded that distribution of M. nigra in North Sulawesi is meta-population and the current status of the species as critically endangered is accepted; the conservation of this species depends on the active management and terminating the factors of population decreasing
Screening of Potential Probiotic Vibrio sp. Against Vibriosis in the Litopenaeus vannamei
Get PDFVibriosis is a bacterial disease generated by Vibrio sp., particularly V. harveyi that becomes the biggest cause of up to 100% shrimp mortality. Using antibiotics as the curative step is not applicable anymore, because of the residual effects to the shrimp and environment and the resistant effects to the humans as well. The purpose of this study was to screen potentially probiotic from strain Vibrio sp. that could inhibit V. harveyi as an effort of handling vibriosis diseases. Water sample from the shrimp ponds were isolated and purified in SWC-agar and TCBS-agar and then were incubated overnight at the room temperature. Bacterial concentrations were calculated using MC Pharland method and spectrophotometer. In vivo test was conducted for the best candidate of potential probiotic isolate, i.e. CP1. Challenged test was leaded within 4 different bacterial concentrations as the treatments and 2 replications using 10 shrimps as the tested organisms per aquarium. The treatments were 107 CFU/ml CP1 VS 107 V. harveyi MR5339 RifR (1), 106 CFU/ml CP1 VS 107 V. harveyi MR5339 RifR (2), 105 CFU/ml CP1 VS 107 V. harveyi MR5339 RifR (3) and PBS (4) as the control. Our study showed that the Survival Rate of the tested organisms was 90% in the treatment 1. This result indicated the capability of growth inhibition of the candidate probiotic bacterium against V. harveyi. Presumably, Vibrio sp. could be used in the vanamei culture as the probiotic. Finally, the candidate probiotic bacterium was identified as Vibrio furnissii
Studi Awal Komunitas Ordo Anura di Kawasan Ekowisata Sawangan, Magelang, Jawa Tengah
Get PDFFrogs and toads (Amphibia: Anura) were very sensitive to environmental changes. Due to their sensitivity, usually they can be used as indicator for environmental changes. On the other hands, there has been only limited data on the diversity and distribution of frogs and toads in Java. This could lead to the reducing population of frogs and toads in Java. Based on those facts, this research was aimed to collect data on species diversity, species richness, species composition and species distribution of frogs and toad from Sawangan Ecotourism, Magelang, Central Java Province. This study was expected to complete the database of anurans in Central Java. The research was conducted from June to July 2009, mostly at night. The VES (Visual Encounter Survey) method combined with 200 m transects were used for sampling. Seven species of anurans were recorded during the survey. They were Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Limnonectes kuhlii, Limnonectes microdiscus, Microhyla achatina, Odorrana hosii, Hylarana chalconotus and Huia masonii. From those seven species, only three (Huia masonii, Microhyla achatina and Limnonectes kuhlii) were known as endemic of Java.
Komunitas Herpetofauna dan Potensinya bagi Sektor Ekowisata pada Kawasan Ketenger-Baturraden di Selatan Kaki Gunung Slamet, Jawa Tengah
Get PDFI expressed the distribution, broad habitat association, and ecotourism potential of herpetofauna based on four habitat types on Ketenger-Baturraden,MountSlamet,Central Java. The data was gathered by opportunistic searching. Sorensen index was used to determine similarity between communities; and cluster analysis was used to determine the habitat utilization. As the results, 35 species were recorded, comprising 16 frogs, 11 lizards and 8 snakes. The species richness was decreased from natural forest to habitat types that open and having homogenous vegetation. The herpetofauna communities between natural forest and limited production forest had the highest similarity (50%). The natural forest is important habitat and should be conserved. Based on habitat types, there were nine groups of herpetofauna. The ecotourism potential of herpetofaunal richness on Ketenger-Baturraden is not yet exploited
Pengaruh Kombinasi Jenis Bahan Pembawa dan Lama Masa Simpan yang Berbeda terhadap Produksi Pelet Biofungisida Trichoderma harzianum
Get PDFThis research aimed to know effect of carrier material combination and different storage duration on viability of T. harzianum, also to know the material type and storage duration which yielding highest conidia. Method used in this research was experimental by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial pattern. The first factor was type of carrying material that were white sticky rice meal, mix of 75% white sticky rice meal and 25% mungbean meal, mix of 75% white sticky rice meal and 25% soybean meal, and mix of 75% white sticky rice meal and 25% skim milk that each of such material was inoculated by 108 conidia/ml of T. harzianum with storage duration levels that were 0 weeks, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 9 weeks. Obtained data was analyzed by analysis of variance (F test) with significantly level 95% and 99% and followed by Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). Result showed that there was interaction between types of carrying material with pellet storage period that showed significant effect on viability of T. harzianum. Carrying material type of white sticky rice meal with pellet storage period of 9 weeks resulting highest percentage acerrage of conidia seedling (viability) of T. harzianum that was 78,19%
Perubahan Lingkungan Ekosistem Sungai Belawan terhadap Kualitas Air dan Keanekaragaman Makrozoobenthos sebagai Bioindikator
Get PDFThe sampling technique of this research was purposive random sampling with 4 stations. The results showed that there were 23 genera of macrozoobenthic, which were categorized into 3 phyla, 5 classes, 10 orders, 18 families. The highest density population index was shown by Terebralia 92,59 ind./m2 (station IV) and the lowest was by Littorinia, Natica, Telescopium, dan Oleacinar 3,70 ind/m2 (station IV). The diversity index of macrozoobenthic was low, ranged from 0,86 to 1,85 and the evenness were high except station IV (0,40). Similarity index of stations I and II was 21,05, stations I and was III 42,85. This means that no resemblance was observed between those stations.. Stations II and III 53,33 were resemble. The pollution of diversity macrozoobenthic was mediumness, and station IV was heavyness of pollution. Macrozoobenthic as bioindicators was Planaria, physa, dan Sphaerium. Effected by quality of water such as; pH, DO, and CO
Inventarisasi Teritip Non-Indigenous yang Menempel pada Ocean Going Vessel di Pelabuhan Tanjung Intan Cilacap
Get PDFPortof Tanjung Intan Cilacapis one of four major international shipping ports located in JawaIslandand among 85 ports throughout Indonesia. International shipping ports are exposed for non-indigenous species including barnalces as a consequence of shipping traffic. Barnacle is the most common marine fouling found in ship’s hull and ballast water of ocean going vessel. This work was aimed at knowing which barnacle species were passively transported on such vessels hulls, in order to map and monitor non-indigenous species invasion in the area. Four vessels of different origins were investigated between April and November 2009. Among four vessels, three of them were clean. A cosmopolite non-invasive species were found on a ship of Ukrainan origin, Amphibalanus amphitrite., which also occur dominantly in the port of Tanjung Intan Cilacap. This port was considered at no introduction risk of non-indigenous species
Optimasi Starter dalam Memproduksi Inulinase dan Identifikasi Khamir Inulinolitik BAN - 1 dari Umbi Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis Willd)
Get PDFInulinolitic yeast isolated from dahlia tuber (Dahlia variabilis Willd) of Bandungan-Ambarawa, was found to produce inulinase enzyme (E.C.3.2.1.7). Under tested fermentation condition, BAN-1 inulinase isolate showed enzymatic activity in dose dependent manner to the starter concentration. A maximum enzymatic activity of 0.582 IU was produced by adding starter concentration 10%. Based on morphological, physiological and biochamichal evaluation it was indentified that the BAN-1 isolate is Pichia sp
Purification of Biotransformation Products of Cis-Isoflavan-4-Ol by Biphenyl Dioxygenase of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes Kf707 Strain Expressed in Escherichia coli
Get PDFIsoflavone has multiple beneficial effects on human health, especially as antioxidant and anticancer. Biotransformation of two enantiomers (CE1 and CE2) of cis-isoflavan-4-ol by E. coli JM109 (pJHF108) carrying a biphenyl dioxygenase gene from P. pseudoalcaligenes KF707 produced two products and they were designated as CM1 and CM2. They had retention time at 11.9 and 14.6 min, respectively, and same absorption peaks at 204, 220 and 275 nm. CM1 and CM2 had [M-H2O+H]+ at m/z 225. Based on the molecular mass, hydrolysis products, and previous report, this study proposed that epoxidation occurred on cis-isoflavan-4-ol. Chloroform extraction was done to improve the stability of CM1 and CM2
Agronomic Improvement of Argomulyo Soybean Variety [Glycine max (l) merr] through Induced Mutation by Gamma Irradiation in M1 and M2 Generation
Get PDFGamma ray irradiation, especially applied at low doses, is one of methods to produce plant genetic diversity by means of micromutation. The objectives of this research was to determine the radiosensitivity of Argomulyo variety of soybeans (Glycine max (L) Merr) by gamma ray irradiation and to estimate genetic variablity of the crop after irradiation. To determine the radiosensitivy, the seeds of Argomulyo variety were treated with gamma ray irradiation at 200 Gy, 400 Gy, 600 Gy, 800 Gy, and 1000 Gy. Curve-fit analysis was employed to find the Lethal Doses 50 (LD50) value . To evaluate the genetic variablity after irradiation with gamma ray, seeds of Argomulyo was irradiated under LD50 at doses of 0 Gy, 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy, and 200 Gy. The results showed that LD50 value was 457.17 Gy. The study found that for Argomulyo variety the LD20 was 490.93 Gy and the LD50 was 457.17 Gy. Genetic variability was observed in various agronomic characters of M2 generation after low dose of gamma ray irradiation treatment of 50, 100, 150 and 200 Gy. The highest genetic variability was found at 200 Gy for plant height, number of productive nodes, and number of pods. The variability of agronomic characters of soybean after irradiation was due to genetic factors. The highest heritability estimates was observed in plant height and number of productive pods. The succeding generation of putative mutants will be selected for productivity and drought tolerance